Pycharm+django2.2+python3.6+MySQL實現簡單的考試報名系統

1 準備工作

1.1 環境搭建

1.1.1 安裝python3.6

python安裝官網

1.1.2 安裝django2.2

pip install django(==2.2.0) //不加版本預設安裝最新版

1.1.3 安裝pycharm（社群版，官網下載安裝即可）

在安裝完成後要配置好需要的第三方庫：（pip下載，推薦在pycharm下也配置虛擬環境）

Django2.2

連線mysql需要的庫：PyMySQL,mysql,mysqlclinet

驗證碼用到的庫：django-simple-captcha（只需在虛擬環境下配置）

（由於下載庫較多，忘記用到的庫，下附截圖）

1.1.4 安裝資料庫，

我使用的是MySQL,推薦安裝介面管理檔案（我使用的是MySQLWorkbench）資料庫配置，settings.py檔案

DATABASES = {
 'default': {
 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql','NAME':'cet',#資料庫名字
 'USER':'root',#登陸資料庫的使用者名稱
 'PASSWORD':'123',#登陸資料庫的密碼
 'HOST':'localhost',#資料庫的ip地址
 'PORT':'3306',#ip地址的埠號，預設（3306）
 }
}

__init__.py裡面匯入pymysql

import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()

1.2 建立django專案及app

1.2.1 建立指令

django-admin startproject project_name #建立專案
python manage.py startapp app_name  #建立app(可能會報錯)
#上面建立app失敗用下面這個指令
django-admin startapp app_name 
 1.2.2 註冊app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
 'django.contrib.admin','django.contrib.auth','django.contrib.contenttypes','django.contrib.sessions','django.contrib.messages','django.contrib.staticfiles','login',#登入註冊
 'captcha',#驗證碼
 'home',#報名主頁
]

1.4 更改時區和語言

settings.py檔案中，將預設改為亞洲/上海和中文

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False

1.5 資料庫遷移

更改models.py後，要將更改同步到資料庫之中，這時就要用到資料庫遷移指令（若遷移失敗：no changes問題）。

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

1.6 建立超級管理員

命令列衝使用指令建立管理員賬號用於使用django自帶的框架。

python manage.py createsuperuser

1.7 執行準備

新增埠號：

2 註冊登入模組

(我將其放在了app名為login裡面)

2.1 資料庫模型設計

特殊引數說明：verbose_name——用於修改django框架各表成員的名字（相當於副名，只用於顯示），其他可以從文章

開頭推薦的部落格瞭解。

#login/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
 '''使用者表'''
 gender = (
 ('male','男'),('female','女'),)
 name = models.CharField(verbose_name="使用者名稱",max_length=128,unique=True) # unique表示唯一
 password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密碼",max_length=256)
 email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="郵箱",unique=True)
 sex = models.CharField(verbose_name="性別",max_length=32,choices=gender,default='男')
 c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.name
 #用於將django自帶管理員端漢化
 class Meta:
 ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '使用者'
 verbose_name_plural = '使用者'

2.2 在admin中註冊模型

#login/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.User)

2.3 建立表單

在我們建立資料庫使用者表後,採用表單驗證前端的資料並進行儲存到資料庫中。

#login/forms.py
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class user_entry(forms.Form):
 user_name = forms.CharField(label="使用者名稱",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_true_name = forms.CharField(label="真實姓名",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_id = forms.CharField(label="身份證號",max_length=18,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 email = forms.EmailField(label="郵箱地址",widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 exam_point = forms.CharField(label="考點",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
class user_datas(forms.Form):
 email = forms.EmailField(label="郵箱地址",widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 user_name = forms.CharField(label="使用者名稱",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 # user_img =
 user_school = forms.CharField(label="所在學校",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 # user_f_score = forms.CharField(label="四級成績",max_length=10,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 # user_s_score = forms.CharField(label="六級成績",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))

2.4 路由及檢視設計

2.4.1 路由設計

由於登陸註冊使用的路徑不多，就將其全放在專案目錄下的urls.py檔案，當然也可以採用專案和app相結合。

#專案名/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from login import views
urlpatterns = [
 path('',views.index),#修改埠預設主頁
 path('admin/',admin.site.urls),#管理員端
 #登入註冊
 path('index/',path('check/',views.check),path('login/',views.login),path('register/',views.register),path('logout/',views.logout),#使用驗證碼
 path('captcha',include('captcha.urls')),#報名app路由
 path('homepage/',include('home.urls')),]

2.4.2 試圖設計

#login/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from . import models
from .forms import UserForm,RegisterForm
from home.models import user_data
# Create your views here.
def check(request):
 pass
 return render(request,'login/hello.html')
def index(request):
 pass
 return render(request,'login/index.html')
#加入sesson
def login(request):
 #不允許重複登入
 if request.session.get('is_login',None):
 return redirect('/index')
 if request.method == "POST":
 login_form = UserForm(request.POST)
 message = "請檢查填寫的內容！"
 if login_form.is_valid():
  username = login_form.cleaned_data['username']
  password = login_form.cleaned_data['password']
  try:
  user = models.User.objects.get(name=username)
  if user.password == password:
   #往session字典內寫入使用者狀態和資料
   request.session['is_login'] = True
   request.session['user_id'] = user.id
   request.session['user_name'] = user.name
   return redirect('/index/')
  else:
   message = "密碼不正確！"
  except:
  message = "使用者不存在！"
 return render(request,'login/login.html',locals())
 login_form = UserForm()
 return render(request,locals())
def logout(request):
 if not request.session.get('is_login',None):
 # 如果本來就未登入，也就沒有登出一說
 return redirect("/index/")
 request.session.flush()
 # 或者使用下面的方法
 # del request.session['is_login']
 # del request.session['user_id']
 # del request.session['user_name']
 return redirect("/index/")
def register(request):
 if request.session.get('is_login',None):
 # 登入狀態不允許註冊。
 return redirect("/index/")
 if request.method == "POST":
 register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
 message = "請檢查填寫的內容！"
 if register_form.is_valid(): # 獲取資料
  username = register_form.cleaned_data['username']
  password1 = register_form.cleaned_data['password1']
  password2 = register_form.cleaned_data['password2']
  email = register_form.cleaned_data['email']
  sex = register_form.cleaned_data['sex']
  if password1 != password2: # 判斷兩次密碼是否相同
  message = "兩次輸入的密碼不同！"
  return render(request,'login/register.html',locals())
  else:
  same_name_user = models.User.objects.filter(name=username)
  if same_name_user: # 使用者名稱唯一
   message = '使用者已經存在，請重新選擇使用者名稱！'
   return render(request,locals())
  same_email_user = models.User.objects.filter(email=email)
  if same_email_user: # 郵箱地址唯一
   message = '該郵箱地址已被註冊，請使用別的郵箱！'
   return render(request,locals())
  message = "註冊成功！"
  # 當一切都OK的情況下，建立新使用者
  # 建立使用者資訊//有問題：放在建立使用者表後面會出現DJANGO pymysql.err.IntegrityError:
  # (1062,"Duplicate entry '' for key 'user_name'")
  new_user_data = user_data.objects.create()
  new_user_data.user_name = username
  new_user_data.user_true_name = '無'
  new_user_data.user_id = '無'
  new_user_data.user_school = '無'
  # new_user_data.user_f_score = 425
  # new_user_data.user_s_score = 0
  new_user_data.save()
  #建立使用者表
  new_user = models.User.objects.create()
  new_user.name = username
  new_user.password = password1
  new_user.email = email
  new_user.sex = sex
  new_user.save()
  return redirect('/login/') # 自動跳轉到登入頁面
 register_form = RegisterForm()
 return render(request,locals())

3 個人資訊及報名管理

(我將其放在了app名為home裡面)

3.1 資料庫模型設計

#home/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class exam_entry_table(models.Model):
 #考點資訊表
 exam_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試編號",max_length=10)
 exam_type = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試類別",max_length=128)
 exam_point = models.CharField(verbose_name="考點",max_length=128)
 exam_time = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試時間",max_length=128)
 number = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="容量")
 entry_number = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="已報名數量",default=0)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.exam_point
 class Meta:
 # ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '考點'
 verbose_name_plural = '考點資訊表'
class user_entry_table(models.Model):
 #使用者考試資訊表
 email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="郵箱")
 exam_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試編號",max_length=10)
 exam_point = models.CharField(verbose_name="考點",max_length=128)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.email
 class Meta:
 # ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '使用者考試資訊'
 verbose_name_plural = '使用者考試資訊表'
class user_data(models.Model):
 #使用者資訊表
 user_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="使用者名稱",unique=True)
 user_true_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="真實姓名",null=True)
 user_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="身份證號",null=True)
 # user_img =
 user_school = models.CharField(verbose_name="在讀學校",max_length=128)
 user_f_score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="四級成績",default=0)
 user_s_score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="六級成績",default=0)
 def __str__(self):
 return self.user_name
 class Meta:
 # ordering = ['c_time']
 verbose_name = '使用者名稱'
 verbose_name_plural = '使用者資訊表'

3.2 註冊模型

#home/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.exam_entry_table) #考點資訊表
admin.site.register(models.user_entry_table) #使用者考試資訊表
admin.site.register(models.user_data)  #使用者資訊表

3.3 建立表單

#home/forms.py
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class UserForm(forms.Form):
 username = forms.CharField(label="使用者名稱",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 password = forms.CharField(label="密碼",max_length=256,widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 captcha = CaptchaField(label='驗證碼')
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
 gender = (
  ('male',"男"),"女"),)
 username = forms.CharField(label="使用者名稱",widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 password1 = forms.CharField(label="密碼",widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 password2 = forms.CharField(label="確認密碼",widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 email = forms.EmailField(label="郵箱地址",widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
 sex = forms.ChoiceField(label='性別',choices=gender)
 captcha = CaptchaField(label='驗證碼')

3.4 路由及檢視設計

3.4.1 路由設計

這裡用到的路勁較為複雜，採用專案urls和app的urls結合起來避免專案的urls過於擁擠。

先修改專案的urls.py檔案：

#專案名/urls.py
path('homepage/',#前面已經添加了，這裡只做說明

再修改app中的urls.py檔案：

#home/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from home import views
urlpatterns = [
 path('test/',views.test),path('my_data/',views.mydate),#我的資訊
 path('query_results/',views.query),#查詢報告資訊
 path('cet_4/',views.cet_4),#四級報名
 path('cet_6/',views.cet_6),#六級報名
 path('change_my_data/',views.updata),]

3.4.2 試圖設計

#home/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect
from . import models
from .forms import user_entry,user_datas
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from login.models import User
# Create your views here.
def test(request):
 pass
 return render(request,'home/test.html')
#我的資訊
def mydate(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name',None)
 account = User.objects.get(name=username)#使用者登入登錄檔
 user = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name= username)
 return render(request,"home/myself.html",{"user":user,"account":account})
#修改我的資訊
def updata(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name',None)
 # print("-----------------------")
 # print(username)
 # print("-----------------------")
 user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)#login_user表
 if request.method == "POST":
  userdata = user_datas(request.POST)
  # print(userdata)
  if userdata.is_valid():
   user_das = userdata.cleaned_data
   # user.user_name = user_da['user_name'] #使用者無法修改使用者名稱
   user.email = user_das['email']
   user_da.user_true_name = user_das['user_true_name']
   user_da.user_id = user_das['user_id']
   user_da.user_school = user_das['user_school']
   user_da.save()
   user.save()
   # 四六級成績無法修改
   # user_datas.user_f_score = user_da['user_f_score']
   # user_datas.user_s_score = user_da['user_s_score']
   return redirect('/homepage/my_data/')
 else:
  userdata = user_datas(initial={"email":user.email,"user_name":user_da.user_name,"user_true_name":user_da.user_true_name,"user_id":user_da.user_id,"user_school":user_da.user_school})
  return render(request,'home/change_mydata.html',{"userdata":userdata})
#查詢考試資訊 還沒完成，優化，條件判斷
def query(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name',None)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)
 #用於判斷使用者是否報名
 user_en = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email)
 # print("********************")
 # print(user_en)
 # print(user_en[0])
 if user_en:
  # print(len(user_en))
  if len(user_en)==1:
   user_entry = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email)
   user_point = user_entry.exam_point
   user_eid = user_entry.exam_id
   exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point,exam_id=user_eid)
   return render(request,'home/query1.html',{"exam_entry": exam_entry})
  else:
   user_entry4 = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email,exam_id=0)
   user_entry6 = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email,exam_id=1)
   user_point4 = user_entry4.exam_point
   user_point6 = user_entry6.exam_point
   exam_entry4 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point4,exam_id=0)
   exam_entry6 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point6,exam_id=1)
   return render(request,'home/query2.html',{"exam_entry4": exam_entry4,"exam_entry6":exam_entry6})
 else:
  # message = "你還未報名！請先報名之後再來檢視！"
  # return render(request,'login/index.html',locals())
  user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=user.name)
  school = user_da.user_school
  if school=='無':
   message = "請先更新你的學校資訊！"
   return render(request,locals())
  else:
   point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=school)
   if point:
    if len(point)==1:
     exam = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school)
     return render(request,'home/exam1.html',{"exam": exam})
    else:
     exam4 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school,exam_id=0)
     exam6 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school,exam_id=1)
     return render(request,'home/exam2.html',{"exam4": exam4,"exam6": exam6})
   else:
    message="你的學校還未開放報名！詳情請諮詢學校相關部門！"
    return render(request,locals())
#四級報名
def cet_4(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name',None)
 # 使用者資訊表,使用者表，獲取資訊判斷資格
 user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)
 if request.method == "POST":
  cet4_form = user_entry(request.POST)
  if cet4_form.is_valid():
   # 四級考試對分數無要求
   # 只需要獲取報考考點資訊即可
   # email = cet4_form.cleaned_data['email']
   exam_id = '0'
   exam_point = cet4_form.cleaned_data['exam_point']
   #用與下面的考點判斷
   point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=exam_point,exam_id='0')
   # 用與下面的是否重複報名判斷
   entryer = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email,exam_id=exam_id)
   #判斷個人資訊是否完善
   if user_da.user_true_name=='無'or user_da.user_id=='無':
    message="請先完善個人真實資訊之後再來報名！"
    return render(request,'home/cet_4.html',locals())
   # 判斷是否重複報名
   # print("判斷是否重複報名")
   elif entryer:
    message = "請勿重複報名！"
    return render(request,locals())
   elif point:
    # 考點存在
    # print("沒有重複報名")
    message = "報名成功！請按時參加考試！"
    # 建立一條資料
    new_user = models.user_entry_table.objects.create()
    new_user.email = user.email
    new_user.exam_id = exam_id
    new_user.exam_point = exam_point
    new_user.save()
    # 考點容量減1,報考人數加1
    exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=exam_point,exam_id=exam_id)
    exam_entry.number -= 1
    exam_entry.entry_number += 1
    exam_entry.save()
    return render(request,locals())
   else:
    message = "該學校還未開放報名！詳情請諮詢學校相關部門！"
    return render(request,locals())
 cet4_form = user_entry(initial={"email": user.email,"user_name": user_da.user_name,"user_true_name": user_da.user_true_name,"user_id": user_da.user_id})
 return render(request,locals())
#六級報名：
def cet_6(request):
 username = request.session.get('user_name',使用者表，獲取資訊判斷資格
 user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
 user = User.objects.get(name=username)
 if request.method == "POST":
  cet6_form = user_entry(request.POST)
  if cet6_form.is_valid():
   # 只需要獲取報考考點資訊即可
   # email = cet4_form.cleaned_data['email']
   exam_id = '1'
   exam_point = cet6_form.cleaned_data['exam_point']
   f_score = user_da.user_f_score
   # 用與下面的考點判斷
   point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=exam_point,exam_id=exam_id)
   # 用與下面的是否重複報名判斷
   entryer = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email,exam_id=exam_id)
   # 判斷個人資訊是否完善
   if user_da.user_true_name=='無'or user_da.user_id=='無':
    message="請先完善個人真實資訊之後再來報名！"
    return render(request,'home/cet_6.html',locals())
    # 判斷是否重複報名
   elif entryer:
    # print("判斷是否重複報名")
    message = "請勿重複報名！"
    return render(request,locals())
   # 判斷考點是否存在
   elif point:
    # 考點存在
    #判斷四級成績是否合格
    if f_score >= 425:
     # print("報名成功！請按時參加考試！")
     # 建立一條資料
     message = "報名成功！請按時參加考試！"
     new_user = models.user_entry_table.objects.create()
     new_user.email = user.email
     new_user.exam_id = exam_id
     new_user.exam_point = exam_point
     new_user.save()
     # 考點容量減1,報考人數加1
     exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=exam_point,exam_id=exam_id)
     exam_entry.number -= 1
     exam_entry.entry_number += 1
     exam_entry.save()
     return render(request,locals())
    else:
     message = "四級成績大於425才能報名六級考試！"
     return render(request,locals())
 cet6_form = user_entry(
  initial={"email": user.email,locals())

到這裡基本的後端都實現了。

4 專案最終框架展示

5 總結

成果展示：

註冊：

登入：

主頁：

管理端：

資料庫設計問題:

由於此次設計在開始之時沒有設計完善，資料庫各表之間的關聯存在問題，例如本次報名系統而言，使用者資訊最好新增手機號碼，我本打算使用郵箱即可，但是推薦使用聯絡更快的電話號碼等等問題。

附錄

整體專案包地址連結: https://pan.baidu.com/s/130AP7coMP_U2q_dzaazUWA 提取碼: nywa

總結

以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Pycharm+django2.2+python3.6+MySQL實現簡單的考試報名系統,希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回覆大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對我們網站的支援！
如果你覺得本文對你有幫助，歡迎轉載，煩請註明出處，謝謝！