def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        `.dispatch()` is pretty much the same as Django's regular dispatch,
        but with extra hooks for startup, finalize, and exception handling.
        """
        self.args = args
        self.kwargs = kwargs
        request = self.initialize_request(request, *args, **kwargs)  # 建立 Request 物件
        self.request = request
        self.headers = self.default_response_headers  # deprecate?

        try:
            self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)  #  依次進行，認證，許可權檢查，限流檢查

            # Get the appropriate handler method
            if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
                handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),
                                  self.http_method_not_allowed)
            else:
                handler = self.http_method_not_allowed

            response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)  # 進入 GET, POST, PATCH, PATCH 等 View 下面的各個方法的處理邏輯 

        except Exception as exc:
            response = self.handle_exception(exc)

        self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)  # 對 response 物件進行進一步處理
        return self.response  # 返回給客戶端
 

     
    def initial(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Runs anything that needs to occur prior to calling the method handler.
        """
        self.format_kwarg = self.get_format_suffix(**kwargs)

        # Perform content negotiation and store the accepted info on the request
        neg = self.perform_content_negotiation(request)
        request.accepted_renderer, request.accepted_media_type = neg

        # Determine the API version, if versioning is in use.
        version, scheme = self.determine_version(request, *args, **kwargs)
        request.version, request.versioning_scheme = version, scheme

        # Ensure that the incoming request is permitted
        self.perform_authentication(request)  # 認證
        self.check_permissions(request)  # 許可權檢查
        self.check_throttles(request)  # 限流
 

    def list(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        queryset = self.filter_queryset(self.get_queryset()) # 分步執行，等於下面兩句
        # all_queryset = self.get_queryset()  # 獲取所有的結果
        # queryset = self.filter_queryset(all_queryset)  # 過濾結果（可以是根據多種因素進行過濾，例如許可權）

        page = self.paginate_queryset(queryset)  # 分頁
        if page is not None:
            serializer = self.get_serializer(page, many=True)  # 對分頁結果進行反序列化
            return self.get_paginated_response(serializer.data)  # 返回分頁結果

        serializer = self.get_serializer(queryset, many=True)  # 反序列化
        return Response(serializer.data)  # 返回結果