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springboot資料庫連線-jdbc,druid,mybatis,JPA

JDBC

spring:
  datasource:
    #   資料來源基本配置
    username: root
    password: 123456
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/jdbc?&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC //校準時差
    initialization-mode: always //Spring Boot2.x 執行schema.sql初始化資料庫

1.DataSourceInitializer:ApplicationListener 作用:

1)、runSchemaScripts();執行建表語句; 2)、runDataScripts();執行插入資料的sql語句; 預設只需將檔案命名為:
schema‐*.sql(sql建表語句)、data‐*.sql(sql資料有關語句)
預設規則:schema.sql,schema‐all.sql;
可以使用:schema: 
      ‐ classpath:department.sql 指定位置

2.操作資料庫:自動配置了JdbcTemplate操作資料庫:

@Controller
public class HelloController {
    @Autowired
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping(
"/query") public Map<String,Object> map(){ List<Map<String, Object>> list = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from department"); return list.get(0); } }

Druid

Druid是一個具有成套的監控與安全的資料來源。 可以監控資料庫訪問效能,內建提供了一個功能強大的StatFilter外掛,能夠詳細統計SQL的執行效能,這對於線上分析資料庫訪問效能有幫助。

1.引入Druid

進入maven倉庫https://mvnrepository.com/,搜尋Druid,複製所需的版本。新增到springboot的pom.xml中。

2.在application.xml配置檔案中更改資料來源型別:

type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource

3.新增資料來源屬性:

關於齊進左對齊可用快捷鍵:shift+tab

#   資料來源其他配置
    initialSize: 5
    minIdle: 5
    maxActive: 20
    maxWait: 60000
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    #   配置監控統計攔截的filters,去掉後監控介面sql無法統計,'wall'用於防火牆
    filters: stat,wall,log4j2
    maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
    useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
    connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=500

由於這些屬性在DataSourceProperties並沒有,所並不能繫結到DataSourceProperties中,預設不起作用。要起作用需自己建立它的配置類:

匯入druid資料來源
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
//將自定義的屬性繫結進去 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix
= "spring.datasource") @Bean public DataSource druid(){ return new DruidDataSource(); } 
//配置Druid的監控 //1.配置一個管理後臺的Servlet
    @Bean
    public ServletRegistrationBean statViewServlet(){
        ServletRegistrationBean bean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
        Map<String ,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("loginUsername","admin");   //設定登入名稱
        initParams.put("loginPassword","123456");  //設定登入密碼
        initParams.put("allow","");                //預設是允許所有訪問
        initParams.put("deny","10.81.255.181");    //設定禁止訪問物件
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        return bean;
    }
//2、配置一個web監控的filter
    @Bean
    public FilterRegistrationBean webStatFilter(){
        FilterRegistrationBean bean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
        bean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());

        Map<String,String> initParams = new HashMap<>();
        initParams.put("exclusions","*.js,*.css,/druid/*");
        bean.setInitParameters(initParams);
        bean.setUrlPatterns(Arrays.asList("/*"));
        return bean;
    }
}

Mybatis

使用springboot,勾選mybatis自動會配置

    <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.3</version>
       </dependency>

1.註解版

//指定這是一個操作資料庫的mapper
@Mapper
public interface DepartmentMapper { @Select("select * from department where id = #{id}") public Department getDeptById(Integer id); @Delete("delete from department where id = #{id}") public void delDeptById(Integer id); @Options(useGeneratedKeys = true,keyProperty = "id") //獲取自增id @Insert("insert into department(department_name) values(#{departmentName})") public void insertDept(Department department); @Update("update department set department_name = #{departmentName} where id = #{id}") public void updateDept(Department department); }

若需開啟駝峰命名,自定義MyBatis的配置規則;給容器中新增一個ConfifigurationCustomizer:

@org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
public class MybatisConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConfigurationCustomizer configurationCustomizer(){
        return new ConfigurationCustomizer(){
            @Override
            public void customize(Configuration configuration) {
                configuration.setMapUnderscoreToCamelCase(true);
            }
        };
    }
}
使用MapperScan批量掃描所有的Mapper介面:
package com.example.springbootdatamybatis;

import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
@MapperScan(value = "com.example.springbootdatamybatis.mapper")  //mapper包下的其所有都自動添加了註解
@SpringBootApplication
public class SpringbootDataMybatisApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(SpringbootDataMybatisApplication.class, args);
    }

}

此時在mapper中的註解@Mapper可以註釋掉

2.配置檔案版

建立mybatis的配置檔案:xml形式。 mybatis程式碼都託管在github下:https://github.com/search?q=mybatis

在建立好的mybatis_config.xml全域性配置檔案中寫入:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
  PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
  "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
  <environments default="development">
    <environment id="development">
      <transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
      <dataSource type="POOLED">
        <property name="driver" value="${driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${url}"/>                     //去掉這塊內容
        <property name="username" value="${username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${password}"/>
      </dataSource>
    </environment>
  </environments>
  <mappers>
    <mapper resource="org/mybatis/example/BlogMapper.xml"/>
  </mappers>
</configuration>

在建立好的sql對映檔案employeeMapper.xml中同樣找到:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.example.springbootdatamybatis.mapper.EmployeeMapper">  //和介面繫結
    <!--public Employee getEmpById(Integer id);

    public void insertEmp(Employee employee);-->
    <select id="getEmpById" resultType="com.example.springbootdatamybatis.bean.Employee">         //配置方法
        select * from employee where id = #{id}
    </select>
    <insert id="insertEmp" useGeneratedKeys="true" keyProperty="id">
        insert into employee(lastName,email,gender,d_id) values (#{lastName},#{email},#{gender},#{dId})
    </insert>
</mapper>

在application.xml中配置:

mybatis:
  config-location: classpath:mybatis/mybatis_config.xml  //指定全域性配置檔案的位置
  mapper-locations: classpath:mybatis/mapper/*.xml        //指定sql對映檔案的位置

若需開啟駝峰命名法,在mybatis_config.xml中寫入:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>    //駝峰命名法開啟
    </settings>
</configuration>

更多操作參考:http://www.mybatis.org/spring-boot-starter/mybatis-spring-boot-autoconfifigure/

JPA

整合SpringData JPA:ORM(Object Relational Mapping)

1)、編寫一個實體類(bean)和資料表進行對映,並且配置好對映關係:
//使用JPA註解配置對映關係
@Entity //告訴JPA這是一個實體類(和資料表對映的類)
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table來指定和哪個資料表對應;如果省略預設表名就是user
public class User {
@Id //這是一個主鍵
@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY) //自增主鍵
private Integer id;
@Column(name = "last_name" , length = 50) //這是和資料表對應的一個列
private String lastName;
@Column //省略預設列名就是屬性名
private String email;
}
2)、編寫一個Dao介面來操作實體類對應的資料表(Repository):
//繼承JpaRepository來完成對資料庫的操作
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}
3)、基本的配置JpaProperties:
spring:
jpa: hibernate: # 更新或者建立資料表結構 ddl
-auto: update # 控制檯顯示SQL show-sql: true