KVM虛擬化
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-08-04
目錄
KVM虛擬化
1. 虛擬化介紹
虛擬化是雲端計算的基礎。簡單的說，虛擬化使得在一臺物理的伺服器上可以跑多臺虛擬機器，虛擬機器共享物理機的 CPU、記憶體、IO 硬體資源，但邏輯上虛擬機器之間是相互隔離的。
物理機我們一般稱為宿主機（Host），宿主機上面的虛擬機器稱為客戶機（Guest）。
那麼 Host 是如何將自己的硬體資源虛擬化，並提供給 Guest 使用的呢？
這個主要是通過一個叫做 Hypervisor 的程式實現的。
根據 Hypervisor 的實現方式和所處的位置，虛擬化又分為兩種：
- 全虛擬化
- 半虛擬化
全虛擬化：
Hypervisor 直接安裝在物理機上，多個虛擬機器在 Hypervisor 上執行。Hypervisor 實現方式一般是一個特殊定製的 Linux 系統。Xen 和 VMWare 的 ESXi 都屬於這個型別
半虛擬化：
物理機上首先安裝常規的作業系統，比如 Redhat、Ubuntu 和 Windows。Hypervisor 作為 OS 上的一個程式模組執行，並對管理虛擬機器進行管理。KVM、VirtualBox 和 VMWare Workstation 都屬於這個型別
理論上講：
全虛擬化一般對硬體虛擬化功能進行了特別優化，效能上比半虛擬化要高；
半虛擬化因為基於普通的作業系統，會比較靈活，比如支援虛擬機器巢狀。巢狀意味著可以在KVM虛擬機器中再執行KVM。
2. KVM介紹
KVM體系結構
KVM核心模組
初始化CPU硬體，開啟虛擬化模式，以支援虛擬機器的執行。
負責CPU、記憶體、中斷控制器、時鐘
QEMU裝置模擬
- 模擬網絡卡、顯示卡、儲存控制器和硬碟
libvirt
- 他提供一個API、守護程序libvirtd和一個預設命令列工具virsh
kVM 全稱是 Kernel-Based Virtual Machine(基於核心的虛擬機器)。也就是說 KVM 是基於 Linux 核心實現的。
KVM有一個核心模組叫 kvm.ko，只用於管理虛擬 CPU 和記憶體。
那 IO 的虛擬化，比如儲存和網路裝置則是由 Linux 核心與Qemu來實現。
作為一個 Hypervisor，KVM 本身只關注虛擬機器排程和記憶體管理這兩個方面。IO 外設的任務交給 Linux 核心和 Qemu。
Libvirt 就是 KVM 的管理工具。
其實，Libvirt 除了能管理 KVM 這種 Hypervisor，還能管理 Xen，VirtualBox 等。
Libvirt 包含 3 個東西：後臺 daemon 程式 libvirtd、API 庫和命令列工具 virsh
- libvirtd是服務程式，接收和處理 API 請求；
- API 庫使得其他人可以開發基於 Libvirt 的高階工具，比如 virt-manager，這是個圖形化的 KVM 管理工具；
- virsh 是我們經常要用的 KVM 命令列工具
3. KVM部署
環境說明：
| 系統型別 | IP |
|---|---|
| centos7 | 192.168.32.125 |
3.1 KVM安裝
署前請確保你的CPU虛擬化功能已開啟。分為兩種情況：
- 虛擬機器要關機設定CPU虛擬化
- 物理機要在BIOS裡開啟CPU虛擬化（BIOS開啟VT）
#確保關閉防火牆和selinux
#配置好yum源,包括epel原
#驗證CPU是否支援KVM；如果結果中有vmx（Intel）或svm(AMD)字樣，就說明CPU的支援的
[root@localhost ~]# egrep -o 'vmx|svm' /proc/cpuinfo
vmx
vmx
vmx
vmx
#安裝 KVM 模組、管理工具和 libvirt
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install qemu-kvm qemu-kvm-tools qemu-img virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python libvirt-client virt-install virt-viewer bridge-utils libguestfs-tools
......
//因為虛擬機器中網路，我們一般都是和公司的其他伺服器是同一個網段，所以我們需要把 \
KVM伺服器的網絡卡配置成橋接模式。這樣的話KVM的虛擬機器就可以通過該橋接網絡卡和公司內部 \
其他伺服器處於同一網段
//我的網絡卡是ens33，所以用br0來橋接ens33網絡卡
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ls
ifcfg-ens33 ifdown-ppp ifup-ib ifup-Team
ifcfg-lo ifdown-routes ifup-ippp ifup-TeamPort
ifdown ifdown-sit ifup-ipv6 ifup-tunnel
......
#複製網絡卡配置後修改檔案
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cp ifcfg-ens33 ifcfg-br0
#修改後的配置資訊
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens33
TYPE="Ethernet"
BOOTPROTO="static"
DEFROUTE="yes"
NAME="ens33"
DEVICE="ens33"
ONBOOT="yes"
BRIDGE=br0
NM_CONTROLLED=no
[root@localhost network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0
TYPE="Bridge"
BOOTPROTO="static"
NAME="br0"
DEVICE="br0"
ONBOOT="yes"
IPADDR=192.168.32.125
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY=192.168.32.2
DNS1=114.114.114.114
DNS2=8.8.8.8
NM_CONTROLLED=no
#重啟網路
[root@localhost network-scripts]# systemctl restart network
[root@localhost network-scripts]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:6c:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:6cbc/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d0:ef:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d0:ef:aa brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
7: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:f6:6c:bc brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.32.125/24 brd 192.168.32.255 scope global br0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef6:6cbc/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
#啟動服務
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start libvirtd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable libvirtd
#確認載入kvm模組
[root@localhost ~]# lsmod|grep kvm
kvm_intel 188644 0
kvm 621480 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm
#測試並驗證安裝結果
[root@localhost ~]# virsh -c qemu:///system list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
[root@localhost ~]# virsh --version
4.5.0
[root@localhost ~]# virt-install --version
1.5.0
[root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
[root@localhost ~]# ll /usr/bin/qemu-kvm
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 Aug 3 23:43 /usr/bin/qemu-kvm -> /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm
#檢視網橋資訊
[root@localhost ~]# brctl show
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.000c29f66cbc no ens33
virbr0 8000.525400d0efaa yes virbr0-nic
3.2 KVM web管理介面安裝
kvm 的 web 管理介面是由 webvirtmgr 程式提供的。
#安裝依賴包
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install git python-pip libvirt-python libxml2-python python-websockify supervisor nginx python-devel
#升級pip
#-i 指定清華大學映象源
[root@localhost ~]# pip install --upgrade pip -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/
#從github上下載webvirtmgr程式碼
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# git clone git://github.com/retspen/webvirtmgr.git
Cloning into 'webvirtmgr'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 5614, done.
remote: Total 5614 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 5614
Receiving objects: 100% (5614/5614), 2.98 MiB | 432.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (3602/3602), done.
#安裝webvirtmgr
[root@localhost src]# ls
webvirtmgr
[root@localhost src]# cd webvirtmgr/
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# ls
conf hostdetail manage.py secrets templates
console images MANIFEST.in serverlog Vagrantfile
create instance networks servers vrtManager
deploy interfaces README.rst setup.py webvirtmgr
dev-requirements.txt locale requirements.txt storages
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# pip install -r requirements.txt -i https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/pypi/web/simple/
......
#檢查sqlite3是否安裝
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python
Python 2.7.5 (default, Apr 2 2020, 13:16:51)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import sqlite3
>>> exit()
#初始化webvirtmgr的帳號資訊
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# python manage.py syncdb
WARNING:root:No local_settings file found.
Creating tables ...
Creating table auth_permission
Creating table auth_group_permissions
Creating table auth_group
Creating table auth_user_groups
Creating table auth_user_user_permissions
Creating table auth_user
Creating table django_content_type
Creating table django_session
Creating table django_site
Creating table servers_compute
Creating table instance_instance
Creating table create_flavor
You just installed Django's auth system, which means you don't have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes //是否建立超級管理員帳號
Username (leave blank to use 'root'):
Email address: [email protected]
Password:
Password (again):
Superuser created successfully.
Installing custom SQL ...
Installing indexes ...
Installed 6 object(s) from 1 fixture(s)
#拷貝web網頁至指定目錄
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# mkdir /var/www
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# cp -r /usr/local/src/webvirtmgr /var/www/
[root@localhost webvirtmgr]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/www/webvirtmgr/
#生成金鑰
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/root/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:qR1jjvVZc/2IAsNnx+rnvIfQlr/dqCvAlYJvJkBca78 [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| . .. |
| o . |
| . o. . |
| ...o..o. . |
| . oSoo.=.. .|
| .B*X.=++ ..|
| o+E.=o.o. .|
| ..oo oo.|
| .+*=o.o|
+----[SHA256]-----+
#由於這裡webvirtmgr和kvm服務部署在同一臺機器，所以這裡本地信任。如果kvm部署在其他機器，那麼這個是它的ip
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id 192.168.32.125
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
The authenticity of host '192.168.32.125 (192.168.32.125)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:frx90ADy/hsYsjrFg0CGVr1aMVpLECeXnXsTnerpZNg.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:0f:89:af:a1:cb:02:5a:a5:f0:00:50:49:bc:53:97:cb.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
[email protected]'s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '192.168.32.125'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
#配置埠轉發
[root@localhost ~]# ssh 192.168.32.125 -L localhost:8000:localhost:8000 -L localhost:6080:localhost:60
Last login: Mon Aug 3 23:37:13 2020 from 192.168.32.1
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6011 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
#配置nginx
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 2048;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /40x.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
}
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/webvirtmgr.conf
server {
listen 80 default_server;
server_name $hostname;
#access_log /var/log/nginx/webvirtmgr_access_log;
location /static/ {
root /var/www/webvirtmgr/webvirtmgr;
expires max;
}
location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8000;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-for $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $remote_addr;
proxy_connect_timeout 600;
proxy_read_timeout 600;
proxy_send_timeout 600;
client_max_body_size 1024M;
}
}
#確保bind繫結的是本機的8000埠
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
......
bind = '0.0.0.0:8000' //確保此處繫結的是本機的8000埠，這個在nginx配置中定義了，被代理的埠
backlog = 2048
......
#重啟nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6011 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
#設定supervisor
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/supervisord.conf
#.....此處省略上面的內容，在檔案最後加上以下內容
[program:webvirtmgr]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/manage.py run_gunicorn -c /var/www/webvirtmgr/conf/gunicorn.conf.py
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr.log
log_stderr=true
user=nginx
[program:webvirtmgr-console]
command=/usr/bin/python2 /var/www/webvirtmgr/console/webvirtmgr-console
directory=/var/www/webvirtmgr
autostart=true
autorestart=true
stdout_logfile=/var/log/supervisor/webvirtmgr-console.log
redirect_stderr=true
user=nginx
#啟動supervisor並設定開機自啟
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start supervisord
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable supervisord
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/supervisord.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl status supervisord
● supervisord.service - Process Monitoring and Control Daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/supervisord.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2020-08-04 00:17:14 EDT; 16s ago
Main PID: 13109 (supervisord)
CGroup: /system.slice/supervisord.service
└─13109 /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/supervisord -c /etc/supervisord....
Aug 04 00:17:14 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Process Monitorin...
Aug 04 00:17:14 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Process Monitoring...
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -tanl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6080 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:8000 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:111 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 192.168.122.1:53 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*
LISTEN 0 100 [::1]:25 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6011 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:6080 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::1]:8000 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:111 [::]:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
#配置nginx使用者
[root@localhost ~]# su - nginx -s /bin/bash
-bash-4.2$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory '/var/lib/nginx/.ssh'.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:paBaAvS8BtEV+ZzZfhbtRFNv/KjfFWvCD4I5oJzw1Gw [email protected]
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
| o. .oo .. |
|. +. . o ..|
|.. o + + . o . +|
| .. ..o* + . o o.|
| .+o. ES + ...|
| .+= + ..oo.o o|
| . = +o..+ o.|
| . ..=..|
| ...|
+----[SHA256]-----+
-bash-4.2$ touch ~/.ssh/config && echo -e "StrictHostKeyChecking=no\nUserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null" >> ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/config
-bash-4.2$ ssh-copy-id [email protected]
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/var/lib/nginx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.32.125' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
Number of key(s) added: 1
Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh '[email protected]'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
-bash-4.2$ exit
logout
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[Remote libvirt SSH access]
Identity=unix-user:root
Action=org.libvirt.unix.manage
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R root.root /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/50-libvirt-remote-access.pkla
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart libvirtd
3.3 web介面管理
3.3.1 kvm連線管理
通過ip地址訪問，登入
賬號密碼為執行python manage.py syncdb 時設定的賬號密碼
3.3.2 kvm儲存管理
#新增硬碟，格式化並掛載在/storage
[root@localhost ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 60G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 500M 0 part /boot
└─sda2 8:2 0 59G 0 part
├─centos-root 253:0 0 55G 0 lvm /
└─centos-swap 253:1 0 4G 0 lvm [SWAP]
sdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk
sr0 11:0 1 10.3G 0 rom
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x757b3590.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199):
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=6553536 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=26214144, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=12799, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@localhost ~]# blkid | grep sdb1
/dev/sdb1: UUID="ba64bed7-99f6-43ad-9d7c-67fdb3b6d1d1" TYPE="xfs"
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab
#最後一行新增
UUID="ba64bed7-99f6-43ad-9d7c-67fdb3b6d1d1" /storage xfs defaults 0 0
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /storage
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a
[root@localhost ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs 3.8G 0 3.8G 0% /dev
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 12M 3.8G 1% /run
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root 55G 1.9G 54G 4% /
/dev/sda1 497M 144M 354M 29% /boot
tmpfs 781M 0 781M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 100G 33M 100G 1% /storage
過遠端連線軟體上傳ISO映象檔案至儲存目錄/storage
[root@localhost storage]# ls
rhel-server-7.4-x86_64-dvd.iso
建立系統安裝映象
3.3.3 kvm網路管理
新增橋接網路
插入光碟
點選連結
設定在web訪問虛擬機器的密碼
啟動虛擬機器
3.3.4 例項管理
建立例項
4. 故障案例
案例一
第一次通過web訪問kvm時可能會一直訪問不了，一直轉圈，而命令列介面一直報錯(too many open files)
此時需要對nginx進行配置
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
....此處省略N行
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
worker_rlimit_nofile 655350; //新增此行配置
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/nginx/README.dynamic.
....此處省略N行
然後對系統引數進行設定
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
....此處省略N行
# End of file
* soft nofile 655350
* hard nofile 655350
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx
到此問題即可解決
案例二
#解決方法是安裝novnc並通過novnc_server啟動一個vnc
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install novnc
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.local
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 13 Aug 6 2018 /etc/rc.local -> rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# ll /etc/rc.d/rc.local
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 513 Mar 11 22:35 /etc/rc.d/rc.local
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
......
# that this script will be executed during boot.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
nohup novnc_server 192.168.32.125:5920 &
[root@localhost ~]# . /etc/rc.d/rc.local
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