Docker實現Mariadb分庫分表及讀寫分離功能
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-01-09
一、簡介
本文使用docker實現mysql主從配置，讀寫分離、分庫分表等功能。
二、環境準備
1.基礎環境
java
java version "1.8.0_111" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_111-b14) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.111-b14,mixed mode)
docker
Client: Version: 18.03.0-ce API version: 1.37 Go version: go1.9.4 Git commit: 0520e24 Built: Wed Mar 21 23:09:15 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false Orchestrator: swarm Server: Engine: Version: 18.03.0-ce API version: 1.37 (minimum version 1.12) Go version: go1.9.4 Git commit: 0520e24 Built: Wed Mar 21 23:13:03 2018 OS/Arch: linux/amd64 Experimental: false
三、安裝Mysql主從配置
1.部署資訊
| 節點名稱 | 資料名稱 | 節點IP | 埠 |
|---|---|---|---|
| master | marster | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 |
| slave | slave | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 |
| mycat | mycat | 192.168.92.50 | 8066/9066 |
2.主節點配置檔案
建立mysql主節點配置檔案
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/master mkdir conf data
建立主節點配置檔案docker.cnf
[mysqld] server-id=1 log-bin=master-bin #只是讀寫,就只要主庫配置即可.如果要做主從切換，那麼主庫和從庫都需要開啟. skip-host-cache skip-name-resolve collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8
建立從節點配置檔案 docker.conf
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/slave mkdir conf data
[mysqld] server-id=2 log-bin=master-bin skip-host-cache skip-name-resolve collation-server = utf8_unicode_ci init-connect='SET NAMES utf8' character-set-server = utf8 [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [client] default-character-set=utf8
3.建立mysql容器
此處使用mariadb最新穩定映象建立容器
建立主節點myslq
docker run --name master -p 3306:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/master/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/master/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
建立從節點mysql
docker run --name slave -p 3307:3306 -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d -v /usr/local/mysql/slave/data:/var/lib/mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -idt mariadb:latest --character-set-server=utf8mb4 --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
4.開啟主從複製
step 1 進入主節點
docker exec -it master /bin/bash mysql -uroot -p
step 2 建立使用者
create user 'backUser'@'%' identified by 'root'; grant replication slave on *.* to 'backUser'@'%'; flush privileges; show master status; MariaDB [(none)]> show master status; +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | master-bin.000003 | 787 | | | +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.000 sec)
step 3 進入從節點建立使用者開啟同步
docker exec -it slave /bin/bash mysql -uroot -proot change master to master_host='192.168.92.51',master_port=3306,master_user='backUser',master_password='root',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=787;
開啟主從複製：
start slave;
從節點設定日誌和檔名要跟主節點資訊對應，包括日誌記錄起始位置position
檢查主從複製是否OK
show slave status \G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.92.50
Master_User: backUser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 343
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 556
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000005
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Slave出現2個YES,代表主從複製設定成功。
5、安裝Mycat
下載mycat在50節點實現安裝
tar -zxvf Mycat-server-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257-linux.tar.gz mv mycat/ /usr/local/
修改mycat目錄下 conf的server.xml 檔案，指定使用者名稱和密碼
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License,Version 2.0 (the "License"); - you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. - You may obtain a copy of the License at - - http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 - - Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,software - distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,- WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE mycat:server SYSTEM "server.dtd"> <mycat:server xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <system> <property name="nonePasswordLogin">0</property> <!-- 0為需要密碼登陸、1為不需要密碼登陸,預設為0，設定為1則需要指定預設賬戶--> <property name="useHandshakeV10">1</property> <property name="useSqlStat">0</property> <!-- 1為開啟實時統計、0為關閉 --> <property name="useGlobleTableCheck">0</property> <!-- 1為開啟全加班一致性檢測、0為關閉 --> <property name="sequnceHandlerType">0</property> <property name="subqueryRelationshipCheck">false</property> <property name="processorBufferPoolType">0</property> <property name="handleDistributedTransactions">0</property> <property name="useOffHeapForMerge">1</property> <!--單位為m--> <property name="memoryPageSize">64k</property> <!--單位為k--> <property name="spillsFileBufferSize">1k</property> <property name="useStreamOutput">0</property> <!--單位為m--> <property name="systemReserveMemorySize">384m</property> <!--是否採用zookeeper協調切換 --> <property name="useZKSwitch">false</property> <!-- XA Recovery Log日誌名稱 --> <!--<property name="XARecoveryLogBaseName">tmlog</property>--> <!--如果為 true的話 嚴格遵守隔離級別,不會在僅僅只有select語句的時候在事務中切換連線--> <property name="strictTxIsolation">false</property> <property name="useZKSwitch">true</property> </system> <user name="root"> <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">test</property> </user> </mycat:server>
上述配置，指定以root為使用者名稱，密碼為123456，訪問虛擬邏輯資料庫test。
配置rule規則
修改mycat conf 資料夾下的schema.xml 配置資料庫對應規則
<?xml version="1.0"?> <!DOCTYPE mycat:schema SYSTEM "schema.dtd"> <mycat:schema xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <schema name="test" checkSQLschema="false" sqlMaxLimit="100"> <table name="tb_user" primaryKey="id" autoIncrement="true" dataNode="dn1,dn2,dn3,dn4" rule="userrule" /> <table name="tb_category" primaryKey="id" dataNode="dn1,dn4" rule="categoryrule" /> </schema> <dataNode name="dn1" dataHost="localhost1" database="db1" /> <dataNode name="dn2" dataHost="localhost1" database="db2" /> <dataNode name="dn3" dataHost="localhost1" database="db3" /> <dataNode name="dn4" dataHost="localhost1" database="db4" /> <dataHost name="localhost1" maxCon="1000" minCon="10" balance="1" writeType="0" dbType="mysql" dbDriver="native" switchType="1" slaveThreshold="100"> <heartbeat>select user()</heartbeat> <!-- 讀寫分離配置 --> <writeHost host="hostM1" url="192.168.92.50:3306" user="root" password="123456"> <readHost host="hostS2" url="192.168.92.51:3307" user="root" password="123456" /> </writeHost> </dataHost> </mycat:schema>
上述配置scheam name 對應server配置檔案的虛擬資料庫，指定了2個表資訊，tb_user 表主鍵實現自增長，有4個數據庫節點，使用userrule表規則。
dataNode 指定了真實對應的物理資料庫節點，對應dataHost說明了讀寫指定的使用者和節點資訊。
配置表分片規則檔案rule.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!-- - - Licensed under the Apache License,either express or implied. - See the License for the specific language governing permissions and - limitations under the License. --> <!DOCTYPE mycat:rule SYSTEM "rule.dtd"> <mycat:rule xmlns:mycat="http://io.mycat/"> <!-- 配置資料庫規則 --> <tableRule name="userrule"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>func1</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <!-- 配置資料庫test tb_category規則 --> <tableRule name="categoryrule"> <rule> <columns>id</columns> <algorithm>jump-consistent-hash</algorithm> </rule> </tableRule> <function name="murmur" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMurmurHash"> <property name="seed">0</property><!-- 預設是0 --> <property name="count">2</property><!-- 要分片的資料庫節點數量，必須指定，否則沒法分片 --> <property name="virtualBucketTimes">160</property><!-- 一個實際的資料庫節點被對映為這麼多虛擬節點，預設是160倍，也就是虛擬節點數是物理節點數的160倍 --> <!-- <property name="weightMapFile">weightMapFile</property> 節點的權重，沒有指定權重的節點預設是1。以properties檔案的格式填寫，以從0開始到count-1的整數值也就是節點索引為key，以節點權重值為值。所有權重值必須是正整數，否則以1代替 --> <!-- <property name="bucketMapPath">/etc/mycat/bucketMapPath</property> 用於測試時觀察各物理節點與虛擬節點的分佈情況，如果指定了這個屬性，會把虛擬節點的murmur hash值與物理節點的對映按行輸出到這個檔案，沒有預設值，如果不指定，就不會輸出任何東西 --> </function> <function name="crc32slot" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByCRC32PreSlot"> </function> <function name="hash-int" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByFileMap"> <property name="mapFile">partition-hash-int.txt</property> </function> <function name="rang-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.AutoPartitionByLong"> <property name="mapFile">autopartition-long.txt</property> </function> <function name="mod-long" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMod"> <!-- how many data nodes --> <property name="count">3</property> </function> <function name="func1" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByLong"> <property name="partitionCount">8</property> <property name="partitionLength">128</property> </function> <function name="latestMonth" class="io.mycat.route.function.LatestMonthPartion"> <property name="splitOneDay">24</property> </function> <function name="partbymonth" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByMonth"> <property name="dateFormat">yyyy-MM-dd</property> <property name="sBeginDate">2015-01-01</property> </function> <function name="rang-mod" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByRangeMod"> <property name="mapFile">partition-range-mod.txt</property> </function> <function name="jump-consistent-hash" class="io.mycat.route.function.PartitionByJumpConsistentHash"> <property name="totalBuckets">3</property> </function> </mycat:rule>
上述檔案重點關注第一個tableRule、rule指定了分片規則在哪個表字段，algorithm指定了分片的演算法，其中 func1 與檔案後面function名稱為func1對應，此處使用了PartitionByLong分片演算法。
conf下增加sequence_conf.properties檔案，其內容如下：
TB_USER.HISIDS= TB_USER.MINID=1 TB_USER.MAXID=20000 TB_USER.CURID=1
主要申明瞭主鍵增長的策略。
四、Mycat分庫分表實踐測試
1.master節點手動建立資料庫
master節點手動建立4個數據庫db1，db2,db3,db4 (不要操作從節點)
此時開啟slave節點，會觀察到slave也會自動建立4個數據庫。
2.開啟mycat
使用命令 ./mycat start 開啟mycat
./mycat start 啟動
./mycat stop 停止
./mycat console 前臺執行
./mycat restart 重啟服務
./mycat pause 暫停
./mycat status 檢視啟動狀態
如果啟動失敗，請檢視 /usr/local/mycat的wrapper.log 日誌檔案資訊。
FATAL | wrapper | 2019/04/21 14:36:09 | ERROR: Could not write pid file /usr/local/mycat/logs/mycat.pid: No such file or directory
如果遇到上述錯誤，請在mycat 目錄建立logs 資料夾，重新啟動即可。
[root@localhost mycat]# bin/mycat status Mycat-server is running (5065).
上述訊息則表示mycat啟動成功。
2.放行mycat通訊埠
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8066/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9066/tcp --permanent firewall-cmd --reload
使用docker映象開啟mycat容器例項
docker run --name mycat -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/schema.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/rule.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml:/usr/local/mycat/conf/server.xml -v /usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties:/usr/local/mycat/conf/sequence_conf.properties --privileged=true -p 8066:8066 -p 9066:9066 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d longhronshens/mycat-docker
或者關閉防火牆。
3. mycat連線
使用navicate連線mycat，埠8066(9066為管理埠)
使用命令連線mycat
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P8066 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 12 Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (OpenCloudDB) Copyright (c) 2000,2017,Oracle,MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]>
管理端命令：
mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P9066
檢視虛擬邏輯庫：
MySQL [(none)]> show databases; +----------+ | DATABASE | +----------+ | test | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MySQL [(none)]>
使用邏輯庫建立表：
MySQL [(none)]> use test; CREATE TABLE `tb_user` ( `id` bigint(20) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,`username` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '使用者名稱',`password` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密碼，加密儲存',`phone` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '註冊手機號',`email` varchar(50) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '註冊郵箱',`created` datetime(0) NOT NULL,`updated` datetime(0) NOT NULL,PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE,UNIQUE INDEX `username`(`username`) USING BTREE,UNIQUE INDEX `phone`(`phone`) USING BTREE,UNIQUE INDEX `email`(`email`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 54 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci COMMENT = '使用者表' ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
可以看到mycat,mysql主從都建立了該表
在建立一張表：
CREATE TABLE `tb_category` ( `id` varchar(5) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL,`name` varchar(200) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名字',`sort_order` int(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '排列序號，表示同級類目的展現次序，如數值相等則按名稱次序排列。取值範圍:大於零的整數',`created` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,`updated` datetime(0) NULL DEFAULT NULL,INDEX `updated`(`updated`) USING BTREE ) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;
插入一條資料：
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,username,password,phone,email,created,updated) VALUES (7,'zhangsan','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e','13488888888','aa@a','2015-04-06 17:03:55','2015-04-06 17:03:55');
為測試分庫效果，我們插入不同ID的資料來觀察一下：
INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,updated) VALUES (128,'zhang02','e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f88ss','13488888882','[email protected]','2015-04-06 17:03:57','2015-04-06 17:04:55'); INSERT INTO `tb_user`(id,updated) VALUES (256,'zhang03','13488888883','[email protected]',updated) VALUES (384,'zhang05','13488888885','[email protected]','2015-04-06 17:04:55');
可以看到資料分別分佈在db1/db2/db3/db4,分佈的規則取決於插入資料的主鍵在rule.xml 設定的分片規則約束。
檢視mycat節點健康狀態，在主節點輸入如下命令：
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p123456 -P9066 Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 16 Server version: 5.6.29-mycat-1.6.7.1-release-20190213150257 MyCat Server (monitor) Copyright (c) 2000,MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MySQL [(none)]> show @@heartbeat; +--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+ | NAME | TYPE | HOST | PORT | RS_CODE | RETRY | STATUS | TIMEOUT | EXECUTE_TIME | LAST_ACTIVE_TIME | STOP | +--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+ | hostM1 | mysql | 192.168.92.50 | 3306 | 1 | 0 | idle | 30000 | 1,9,6 | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false | | hostS2 | mysql | 192.168.92.51 | 3307 | 1 | 0 | idle | 30000 | 1,67381 | 2019-04-21 20:44:40 | false | +--------+-------+---------------+------+---------+-------+--------+---------+--------------+---------------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.36 sec)
上述 RS_CODE 1代表節點正常，-1代表節點異常。
查詢mycat所有命令：
MySQL [(none)]> show @@help; +--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | STATEMENT | DESCRIPTION | +--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+ | show @@time.current | Report current timestamp | | show @@time.startup | Report startup timestamp | | show @@version | Report Mycat Server version | | show @@server | Report server status | | show @@threadpool | Report threadPool status | | show @@database | Report databases | | show @@datanode | Report dataNodes | | show @@datanode where schema = ? | Report dataNodes | | show @@datasource | Report dataSources | | show @@datasource where dataNode = ? | Report dataSources | | show @@datasource.synstatus | Report datasource data synchronous | | show @@datasource.syndetail where name=? | Report datasource data synchronous detail | | show @@datasource.cluster | Report datasource galary cluster variables | | show @@processor | Report processor status | | show @@command | Report commands status | | show @@connection | Report connection status | | show @@cache | Report system cache usage | | show @@backend | Report backend connection status | | show @@session | Report front session details | | show @@connection.sql | Report connection sql | | show @@sql.execute | Report execute status | | show @@sql.detail where id = ? | Report execute detail status | | show @@sql | Report SQL list | | show @@sql.high | Report Hight Frequency SQL | | show @@sql.slow | Report slow SQL | | show @@sql.resultset | Report BIG RESULTSET SQL | | show @@sql.sum | Report User RW Stat | | show @@sql.sum.user | Report User RW Stat | | show @@sql.sum.table | Report Table RW Stat | | show @@parser | Report parser status | | show @@router | Report router status | | show @@heartbeat | Report heartbeat status | | show @@heartbeat.detail where name=? | Report heartbeat current detail | | show @@slow where schema = ? | Report schema slow sql | | show @@slow where datanode = ? | Report datanode slow sql | | show @@sysparam | Report system param | | show @@syslog limit=? | Report system mycat.log | | show @@white | show mycat white host | | show @@white.set=?,? | set mycat white host,[ip,user] | | show @@directmemory=1 or 2 | show mycat direct memory usage | | show @@check_global -SCHEMA= ? -TABLE=? -retry=? -interval=? | check mycat global table consistency | | switch @@datasource name:index | Switch dataSource | | kill @@connection id1,id2,... | Kill the specified connections | | stop @@heartbeat name:time | Pause dataNode heartbeat | | reload @@config | Reload basic config from file | | reload @@config_all | Reload all config from file | | reload @@route | Reload route config from file | | reload @@user | Reload user config from file | | reload @@sqlslow= | Set Slow SQL Time(ms) | | reload @@user_stat | Reset show @@sql @@sql.sum @@sql.slow | | rollback @@config | Rollback all config from memory | | rollback @@route | Rollback route config from memory | | rollback @@user | Rollback user config from memory | | reload @@sqlstat=open | Open real-time sql stat analyzer | | reload @@sqlstat=close | Close real-time sql stat analyzer | | offline | Change MyCat status to OFF | | online | Change MyCat status to ON | | clear @@slow where schema = ? | Clear slow sql by schema | | clear @@slow where datanode = ? | Clear slow sql by datanode | +--------------------------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------------+ 59 rows in set (0.16 sec)
遇到如下錯誤：
修改schema.xml 檔案屬性checkSQLschema:
<schema name="test" checkSQLschema="true" sqlMaxLimit="100">
遇到如下錯誤：
jvm 1 | Caused by: io.mycat.config.util.ConfigException: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user". jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.load(XMLServerLoader.java:111) jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLServerLoader.<init>(XMLServerLoader.java:69) jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.loader.xml.XMLConfigLoader.<init>(XMLConfigLoader.java:56) jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.ConfigInitializer.<init>(ConfigInitializer.java:77) jvm 1 | at io.mycat.config.MycatConfig.<init>(MycatConfig.java:72) jvm 1 | at io.mycat.MycatServer.<init>(MycatServer.java:144) jvm 1 | at io.mycat.MycatServer.<clinit>(MycatServer.java:96) jvm 1 | ... 7 more jvm 1 | Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 97; columnNumber: 42; Attribute "defaultAccount" must be declared for element type "user".
請修改server.xml 檔案，將user模組的defaultAccount取消：
<user name="root" > <property name="password">123456</property> <property name="schemas">test</property> </user>
最後放一張mycat查詢結果截圖：
總結
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