flask

詳細

1. 程式語言及他們之間的區別？

   C/C++ ,很多語言的底層實現都是與C，程式碼執行效率高，自己做記憶體管理，對程式碼要求比較高，很多功能需要手動試下。
   Java，比較好的程式語言，很多企業級應用都會選擇java。
   C#，是微軟開始的程式語言，部署時需要放在windown server 上，最大弊端是window系統花錢。
   PHP，一般用於快速搭建網站。
   Python，簡潔且入門簡單，很少的程式碼就可以做很多事情。
   Golang，語法和C比較接近，處理併發時比較有優勢 + docker。
   

1.資料庫連線池

1.1 初級階段

import pymysql
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)


def fetchall(sql):
    conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1')
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
    return result

@app.route('/login')
def login():
    result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'login'


@app.route('/index')
def index():
    result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'xxx'


@app.route('/order')
def order():
    result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'xxx'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
 

1.2 老闆給修改

import pymysql
from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

CONN = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123', db='t1')

def fetchall(sql):
    cursor = CONN.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql)
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    cursor.close()
    return result

@app.route('/login')
def login():
    result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'login'


@app.route('/index')
def index():
    result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'xxx'


@app.route('/order')
def order():
    result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'xxx'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()
 

1.3 資料庫連線池

安裝

pip3 install dbutils
pip3 install pymysql

使用

import pymysql
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB

POOL = PooledDB(
    creator=pymysql,  # 使用連結資料庫的模組
    maxconnections=6,  # 連線池允許的最大連線數，0和None表示不限制連線數
    mincached=2,  # 初始化時，連結池中至少建立的連結，0表示不建立
    blocking=True,  # 連線池中如果沒有可用連線後，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然後報錯
    ping=0, # ping MySQL服務端，檢查是否服務可用。# 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always

    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
    user='root',
    password='222',
    database='cmdb',
    charset='utf8'
)

# 去連線池中獲取一個連線
conn = POOL.connection()

cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute('select * from web_models_disk')
result = cursor.fetchall()
cursor.close()

# 將連線放會到連線池
conn.close()

print(result)
 

多執行緒測試

import pymysql
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB

POOL = PooledDB(
    creator=pymysql,  # 使用連結資料庫的模組
    maxconnections=6,  # 連線池允許的最大連線數，0和None表示不限制連線數
    mincached=2,  # 初始化時，連結池中至少建立的連結，0表示不建立
    blocking=True,  # 連線池中如果沒有可用連線後，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然後報錯
    ping=0, # ping MySQL服務端，檢查是否服務可用。# 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always

    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
    user='root',
    password='222',
    database='cmdb',
    charset='utf8'
)


def task(num):
    # 去連線池中獲取一個連線
    conn = POOL.connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    # cursor.execute('select * from web_models_disk')
    cursor.execute('select sleep(3)')
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    cursor.close()
    # 將連線放會到連線池
    conn.close()
    print(num,'------------>',result)


from threading import Thread
for i in range(57):
    t = Thread(target=task,args=(i,))
    t.start()

基於函式實現sqlhelper

import pymysql
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB

POOL = PooledDB(
    creator=pymysql,  # 使用連結資料庫的模組
    maxconnections=6,  # 連線池允許的最大連線數，0和None表示不限制連線數
    mincached=2,  # 初始化時，連結池中至少建立的連結，0表示不建立
    blocking=True,  # 連線池中如果沒有可用連線後，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然後報錯
    ping=0, # ping MySQL服務端，檢查是否服務可用。# 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always

    host='127.0.0.1',
    port=3306,
    user='root',
    password='222',
    database='cmdb',
    charset='utf8'
)

def fetchall(sql,*args):
    """ 獲取所有資料 """
    conn = POOL.connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql,args)
    result = cursor.fetchall()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

    return result

def fetchone(sql, *args):
    """ 獲取單挑資料 """
    conn = POOL.connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    cursor.execute(sql, args)
    result = cursor.fetchone()
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

    return result

from flask import Flask
import sqlhelper

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login')
def login():
    result = sqlhelper.fetchone('select * from web_models_admininfo where username=%s ','wupeiqi')
    print(result)
    return 'login'


@app.route('/index')
def index():
    result = sqlhelper.fetchall('select * from web_models_disk')
    print(result)
    return 'xxx'


@app.route('/order')
def order():
    # result = fetchall('select * from user')
    return 'xxx'


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

基於類實現sqlhelper

import pymysql
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB

class SqlHelper(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.pool = PooledDB(
            creator=pymysql,  # 使用連結資料庫的模組
            maxconnections=6,  # 連線池允許的最大連線數，0和None表示不限制連線數
            mincached=2,  # 初始化時，連結池中至少建立的連結，0表示不建立
            blocking=True,  # 連線池中如果沒有可用連線後，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然後報錯
            ping=0,
            # ping MySQL服務端，檢查是否服務可用。# 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always
            host='127.0.0.1',
            port=3306,
            user='root',
            password='222',
            database='cmdb',
            charset='utf8'
        )

    def open(self):
        conn = self.pool.connection()
        cursor = conn.cursor()
        return conn,cursor

    def close(self,cursor,conn):
        cursor.close()
        conn.close()

    def fetchall(self,sql, *args):
        """ 獲取所有資料 """
        conn,cursor = self.open()
        cursor.execute(sql, args)
        result = cursor.fetchall()
        self.close(conn,cursor)
        return result

    def fetchone(self,sql, *args):
        """ 獲取所有資料 """
        conn, cursor = self.open()
        cursor.execute(sql, args)
        result = cursor.fetchone()
        self.close(conn, cursor)
        return result


db = SqlHelper()

from flask import Flask
from sqlhelper2 import db

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/login')
def login():
    # db.fetchone()
    return 'login'


@app.route('/index')
def index():
    # db.fetchall()
    return 'xxx'

@app.route('/order')
def order():
    # db.fetchall()
    conn,cursor = db.open()
    # 自己做操作
    db.close(conn,cursor)
    return 'xxx'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

2.補充知識點：上下文管理

class Foo(object):

    def __enter__(self):
        return 123

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        pass

obj = Foo()

with obj as f:
    print(f)

class Foo(object):

    def do_somthing(self):
        pass

    def close(self):
        pass
    
class Context:
    def __enter__(self):
        self.data = Foo()
        return self.data

    def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
        self.data.close()

with Context() as ctx:
    ctx.do_somthing()