使用SpringMVC的一些配置

需要匯入的依賴

<dependencies>
    <!--匯入junit測試包-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- spring-webmvc必導 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- servlet包 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- jsp包 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
        <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <!-- jstl包，JSP標準標籤庫 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>
 

建立一個純淨的meven子專案，新增web框架支援

建立web專案可跳過此步驟
右鍵點選子專案

新增web框架支援

檢查是否映入相關依賴，主要有Spring框架核心庫、Spring MVC、servlet , JSTL等

SpringMVC相關配置

配置pom.xml

<!-- 由於Maven可能存在資源過濾的問題，我們將配置完善 -->
<build>
   <resources>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/java</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
       <resource>
           <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
           <includes>
               <include>**/*.properties</include>
               <include>**/*.xml</include>
           </includes>
           <filtering>false</filtering>
       </resource>
   </resources>
</build>
 

配置web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

  <!--1.註冊DispatcherServlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!--關聯一個springmvc的配置檔案:【servlet-name】-servlet.xml-->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!--啟動級別-1-->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <!--/ 匹配所有的請求；（不包括.jsp）-->
  <!--/* 匹配所有的請求；（包括.jsp）-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!--配置SpringMVC的亂碼過濾器-->
  <filter>
   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
   <init-param>
       <param-name>encoding</param-name>
       <param-value>utf-8</param-value>
   </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>encoding</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
 

新增Spring MVC配置檔案：springmvc-servlet.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!-- 自動掃描包，讓指定包下的註解生效,由IOC容器統一管理 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.kuang.controller"/>
    <!-- 讓Spring MVC不處理靜態資源 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler />
	<!--
   支援mvc註解驅動
       在spring中一般採用@RequestMapping註解來完成對映關係
       要想使@RequestMapping註解生效
       必須向上下文中註冊DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
       和一個AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter例項
       這兩個例項分別在類級別和方法級別處理。
       而annotation-driven配置幫助我們自動完成上述兩個例項的注入。
    -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 檢視解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- 字首 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
        <!-- 字尾 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
</beans>

建立Controller

package com.lf.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/HelloController")
public class HelloController {

   //真實訪問地址 : 專案名/HelloController/hello
   @RequestMapping("/hello")
   public String sayHello(Model model){
       //向模型中新增屬性msg與值，可以在JSP頁面中取出並渲染
       model.addAttribute("msg","hello,SpringMVC");
       //web-inf/jsp/hello.jsp
       return "hello";
  }
}

建立檢視層

在WEB-INF/ jsp目錄中建立hello.jsp

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

配置Tomcat執行

通常我們只需要手動配置檢視解析器，而處理器對映器和處理器介面卡只需要開啟註解驅動即可，而省去了大段的xml配置