Linux專案之部署lnmp架構
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-08-08
目錄
環境說明：
| 系統 | IP | 所需服務 |
|---|---|---|
| CentOS7 | 192.168.159.144 | nginx、mysql、php |
實驗前請關閉防火牆和SELINUX，並配置好網路源
1. 安裝nginx
//安裝依賴包 [root@longnian ~]# yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ wget [root@longnian ~]# yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools' Loaded plugins: fastestmirror There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Marked install: Development Tools //建立系統使用者nginx [root@longnian ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx [root@longnian ~]# id nginx uid=996(nginx) gid=994(nginx) groups=994(nginx) //建立日誌存放目錄 [root@longnian ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/nginx [root@longnian ~]# chown -R nginx.nginx /var/log/nginx //下載nginx並安裝 [root@longnian ~]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz [root@longnian src]# tar xf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz [root@longnian src]# cd nginx-1.18.0 [root@longnian nginx-1.18.0]# ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-debug \ --with-http_ssl_module \ --with-http_realip_module \ --with-http_image_filter_module \ --with-http_gunzip_module \ --with-http_gzip_static_module \ --with-http_stub_status_module \ --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \ --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log [root@longnian nginx-1.18.0]# make -j $(grep 'processor' /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l) && make install //配置環境變數 [root@longnian ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/nginx/sbin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh [root@longnian ~]# source /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh [root@longnian ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* :::*
埠起來後，用瀏覽器訪問驗證
2. 安裝mysql
#安裝依賴包 [root@longnian ~]# yum -y install libaio ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel #建立使用者和組 [root@longnian ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql //建立mysql使用者和組 [root@longnian ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -u 306 mysql [root@longnian ~]# id mysql uid=306(mysql) gid=306(mysql) groups=306(mysql) //下載二進位制格式的mysql軟體包 [root@longnian ~]# wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@longnian ~]# tar xf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local //建立軟連線，修改屬主和環境變數 [root@longnian ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@longnian local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql [root@longnian local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql* [root@longnian local]# ll -d mysql lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 36 Jul 6 09:39 mysql -> mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ [root@longnian ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@longnian ~]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh //建立資料存放目錄 [root@longnian ~]# mkdir /opt/data [root@longnian ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data [root@longnian ~]# ll -d /opt/data/ drwxr-xr-x 6 mysql mysql 4096 Jul 31 18:50 /opt/data/ 初始化資料庫，並配置 [root@longnian ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data //這裡加入了-insecure選項，可以不要密碼 [root@longnian ~]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/local/include/mysql [root@longnian ~]# echo '/usr/local/mysql/lib' > /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf [root@longnian ~]# ldconfig //生成配置檔案 [root@longnian ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /opt/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid user = mysql skip-name-resolve EOF //配置服務啟動指令碼 [root@longnian ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@longnian ~]# sed -ri 's#^(basedir=).*#\1/usr/local/mysql#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@longnian ~]# sed -ri 's#^(datadir=).*#\1/opt/data#g' /etc/init.d/mysqld //啟動mysql，並修改密碼 [root@longnian ~]# chkconfig mysqld on //設定為開機自動啟動 [root@longnian ~]# service mysqld start [root@longnian ~]# ss -antl |grep 3306 LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* [root@longnian ~]# mysql -e "set password = password('longnian123.')" [root@longnian ~]# mysql -uroot -plongnian123. mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 29 Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> quit Bye
3. 安裝PHP
//配置yum源 [root@longnian ~]# wget http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm [root@longnian ~]# yum -y install remi-release-7.rpm [root@longnian ~]# yum clean all [root@longnian ~]# yum makecache --enablerepo=remi-php74 //安裝依賴包 [root@longnian ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php74-php-mysqlnd //下載並安裝php [root@longnian ~]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.7.tar.gz [root@longnian ~]# tar xf php-7.4.7.tar.gz [root@longnian ~]# cd php-7.4.7 [root@longnian ~]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-config-file-path=/etc \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-inline-optimization \ --disable-debug \ --disable-rpath \ --enable-shared \ --enable-soap \ --with-openssl \ --enable-bcmath \ --with-iconv \ --with-bz2 \ --enable-calendar \ --with-curl \ --enable-exif \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-gd \ --with-jpeg \ --with-png \ --with-zlib-dir \ --with-freetype \ --with-gettext \ --enable-json \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-pdo \ --with-mysqli=mysqlnd \ --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd \ --with-readline \ --enable-shmop \ --enable-simplexml \ --enable-sockets \ --enable-zip \ --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support \ --with-pear \ --enable-pcntl \ --enable-posix ////這裡如果報錯需要安裝兩個依賴包，安裝好後再次執行上面的命令 [root@longnian php-7.4.7]# yum -y install libsqlite3x-devel oniguruma-devel [root@longnian php-7.4.7]# make -j $(cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep processor|wc -l) [root@longnian php-7.4.7]# make install //配置環境變數 [root@longnian ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php7.sh [root@longnian ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php7.sh [root@longnian ~]# php -v PHP 7.4.7 (cli) (built: Jul 31 2020 18:00:53) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies //配置php-fpm [root@longnian ~]# cp php-7.4.7/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini [root@longnian ~]# cp php-7.4.7/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@longnian ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/php-fpm [root@longnian ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@longnian ~]# cp /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf [root@longnian ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf //新增以下四行 pm.max_children = 50 //最多同時提供50個程序提供50個併發服務 pm.start_servers = 5 //啟動時啟動5個程序 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空閒程序數 pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空閒程序數 //啟動php-fpm [root@longnian ~]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done [root@node2 ~]# chkconfig php-fpm on [root@longnian ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005 :::* //配置監聽所有IP [root@longnian ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 `//將這裡的127.0.0.1改為0.0.0.0` [root@node2 ~]# service php-fpm restart Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done Starting php-fpm done [root@longnian ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 0 100 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 1 ::ffff:127.0.0.1:8005
4. 配置nginx
//建立php測試頁面
[root@longnian ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/html/index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
//修改nginx主配置檔案
[root@longnian ~]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
...
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm; //在index後面新增index.php，表示有限訪問php頁面
}
...
//將以下內容取消註釋並修改
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
...
//重讀配置檔案
[root@node2 ~]# nginx -s reload
訪問網頁
5. 利用lnmp搭建WordPress
5.1 配置資料庫
[root@longnian ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 30
Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> CREATE DATABASE wordpress;
..........
mysql> CREATE USER 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
..........
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON wordpress.* TO 'user'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
..........
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> quit
Bye
5.2 安裝和配置 WordPress
下載WordPress
//進入/usr/local/nginx/html/目錄，並下載與解壓 WordPress
[root@longnian html]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/wordpress-5.0.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
[root@longnian html]# tar zxvf wordpress-5.0.4-zh_CN.tar.gz
//修改 WordPress 配置檔案
//找到檔案中 MySQL 的部分，並將相關配置資訊修改為 配置 WordPress 資料庫 中的內容
[root@longnian html]# cd wordpress
[root@longnian wordpress]# cp wp-config-sample.php wp-config.php
[root@longnian wordpress]# vim wp-config.php
........
// ** MySQL settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define('DB_NAME', 'wordpress');
/** MySQL database username */
define('DB_USER', 'user');
/** MySQL database password */
define('DB_PASSWORD', '123456');
/** MySQL hostname */
define('DB_HOST', 'localhost');
驗證 WordPress 安裝
在瀏覽器上訪問安裝介面
安裝過程填寫資訊
安裝完成！
登入
成功登入 WordPress 部落格