Oracle資料載入和解除安裝的實現方法
在日常工作中;經常會遇到這樣的需求:
- Oracle 資料表跟文字或者檔案格式進行互動;即將指定檔案內容匯入對應的 Oracle 資料表中;或者從 Oracle 資料表匯出。
- 其他資料庫中的表跟Oracle資料庫進行互動。
若是少量資料;可選擇的解決方案有很多。常用的用 Pl/SQL developer工具,或者手動轉換為 INSERT 語句,或者通過API。但資料量大;用上面的方法效率太爛了。本文來說說 Oracle 資料的載入和解除安裝。
- Oracle中的DBLINK
- Oracle載入資料-外部表
- Oracle載入資料-sqlldr工具
- Oracle解除安裝資料-sqludr
一. Oracle 中的 DBLINK
在日常工作中;會遇到不同的資料庫進行資料對接;每個資料庫都有著功能;像Oracle有 DBLINK ; PostgreSQL有外部表。
1.1 Oracle DBlink 語法
CREATE [PUBLIC] DATABASE LINK link
CONNECT TO username
IDENTIFIED BY password
USING 'connectstring'
1.2 Oracle To Mysql
在oracle配置mysql資料庫的dblink
二.Oracle載入資料-外部表
ORACLE外部表用來存取資料庫以外的文字檔案(Text File)或ORACLE專屬格式檔案。因此,建立外部表時不會產生段、區、資料塊等儲存結構,只有與表相關的定義放在資料字典中。外部表,顧名思義,儲存在資料庫外面的表。當存取時才能從ORACLE專屬格式檔案中取得資料,外部表僅供查詢,不能對外部表的內容進行修改(INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE操作)。不能對外部表建立索引。
2.1 建立外部表需要的目錄
# 建立外部表需要的目錄 SQL> create or replace directory DUMP_DIR as '/data/ora_ext_lottu'; Directory created. # 給使用者授予指定目錄的操作許可權 SQL> GRANT READ,WRITE ON DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR TO lottu; Grant succeeded.
2.2 外部表原始檔lottu.txt
10,ACCOUNTING,NEW YORK 20,RESEARCH,DALLAS 30,SALES,CHICAGO 40,OPERATIONS,BOSTON
2.3 建立外部表
drop table dept_external purge; CREATE TABLE dept_external ( deptno NUMBER(6),dname VARCHAR2(20),loc VARCHAR2(25) ) ORGANIZATION EXTERNAL (TYPE oracle_loader DEFAULT DIRECTORY DUMP_DIR ACCESS PARAMETERS ( RECORDS DELIMITED BY newline BADFILE 'lottu.bad' LOGFILE 'lottu.log' FIELDS TERMINATED BY "," OPTIONALLY ENCLOSED BY '"' ( deptno INTEGER EXTERNAL(6),dname CHAR(20),loc CHAR(25) ) ) LOCATION ('lottu.txt') ) REJECT LIMIT UNLIMITED;
檢視資料
SQL> select * from dept_external; DEPTNO DNAME LOC ---------- -------------------- ------------------------- 10 ACCOUNTING NEW YORK 20 RESEARCH DALLAS 30 SALES CHICAGO 40 OPERATIONS BOSTON
三. Oracle載入資料-sqlldr工具
3.1 準備實驗物件
建立檔案lottu.txt;和表tbl_load_01。
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ seq 1000|awk -vOFS="," '{print $1,"lottu",systime()-$1}' > lottu.txt [oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqlplus lottu/li0924 SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon Aug 13 22:58:34 2018 Copyright (c) 1982,2013,Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning,OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> create table tbl_load_01 (id number,name varchar2(10),accountid number); Table created.
3.2 建立控制檔案lottu.ctl
load data characterset utf8 infile '/home/oracle/lottu.txt' truncate into table tbl_load_01 fields terminated by ',' trailing nullcols optionally enclosed by ' ' TRAILING NULLCOLS ( id,name,accountid )
3.3 執行sqlldr
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqlldr 'lottu/"li0924"' control=/home/oracle/lottu.ctl log=/home/oracle/lottu.log bad=/home/oracle/lottu.bad SQL*Loader: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Aug 13 23:10:12 2018 Copyright (c) 1982,2011,Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Commit point reached - logical record count 64 Commit point reached - logical record count 128 Commit point reached - logical record count 192 Commit point reached - logical record count 256 Commit point reached - logical record count 320 Commit point reached - logical record count 384 Commit point reached - logical record count 448 Commit point reached - logical record count 512 Commit point reached - logical record count 576 Commit point reached - logical record count 640 Commit point reached - logical record count 704 Commit point reached - logical record count 768 Commit point reached - logical record count 832 Commit point reached - logical record count 896 Commit point reached - logical record count 960 Commit point reached - logical record count 1000
四.Oracle解除安裝資料-sqludr
sqludr是將Oracle資料表匯出到文字中;是牛人樓方鑫開發的。並非Oracle自帶工具;需要下載安裝才能使用。
4.1 sqludr安裝
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ unzip sqluldr2linux64.zip Archive: sqluldr2linux64.zip inflating: sqluldr2linux64.bin [oracle@oracle235 ~]$ mv sqluldr2linux64.bin $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqludr
4.2 檢視sqludr幫助
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqludr -? SQL*UnLoader: Fast Oracle Text Unloader (GZIP,Parallel),Release 4.0.1 (@) Copyright Lou Fangxin (AnySQL.net) 2004 - 2010,all rights reserved. License: Free for non-commercial useage,else 100 USD per server. Usage: SQLULDR2 keyword=value [,keyword=value,...] Valid Keywords: user = username/password@tnsname sql = SQL file name query = select statement field = separator string between fields record = separator string between records rows = print progress for every given rows (default,1000000) file = output file name(default: uldrdata.txt) log = log file name,prefix with + to append mode fast = auto tuning the session level parameters(YES) text = output type (MYSQL,CSV,MYSQLINS,ORACLEINS,FORM,SEARCH). charset = character set name of the target database. ncharset= national character set name of the target database. parfile = read command option from parameter file for field and record,you can use '0x' to specify hex character code,\r=0x0d \n=0x0a |=0x7c,=0x2c,\t=0x09,:=0x3a,#=0x23,"=0x22 '=0x27
4.3 執行sqludr
[oracle@oracle235 ~]$ sqludr lottu/li0924 query="tbl_load_01" file=lottu01.txt field="," 0 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23:47:55,size 0 MB. 1000 rows exported at 2018-08-13 23:47:55,size 0 MB. output file lottu01.txt closed at 1000 rows,size 0 MB.
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Oracle資料載入和解除安裝的實現方法,希望對大家有所幫助,如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言,小編會及時回覆大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對我們網站的支援!