Centos 安裝python3
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-08-14
安裝步驟
一、檢查是否有 GCC
gcc --version # 檢視gcc版本 # 若沒有輸出,執行安裝命令 yum -y install gcc
二、安裝依賴
如果不安裝依賴,在安裝 Python 的時候會報錯
yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
yum -y groupinstall "Development tools" yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel yum install -y libffi-devel zlib1g-dev yum install zlib* -y
三、下載python
根據需要下載相關版本的 Python 包,並解壓
wgethttps://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tgz (或者下載在本地上傳到伺服器)
tar -xvJf Python-3.6.5.tgz
四、建立目錄並安裝 Python
# 指定安裝的路徑,不指定的話,安裝過程中可能軟體所需要的檔案複製到其他不同目錄,刪除軟體很不方便,複製軟體也不方便 mkdir /usr/local/python3 cd Python-3.6.5.tgz
# 配置,可以提高python10%-20%程式碼執行速度.
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl
# 編譯安裝會一起安裝 pip、ssl等
make && make install
五、建立軟連線
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/local/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/local/bin/pip3
大功告成
python3 -V
pip3 -V
相關報錯及解決
安裝 Python 時報錯
- 報錯——zipimport.ZipImportError: can't decompress data; zlib not available Makefile:1099: recipe for target 'install' failed make: *** [install] Error 1
- 原因:缺少依賴
- 解決:
yum -y install zlib1g-dev
- 報錯——ModuleNotFoundError: No module named '_ctypes'
- 原因:缺少依賴
- 解決:
yum -y install libffi-devel
pip install 時報錯
報錯——pip is configured with locations that require TLS/SSL, however the ssl module in Python is not available. Could not fetch URL https:*******: There was a problem confirming the ssl certificate: Can't connect to HTTPS URL because the SSL module is not available. - skipping
原因:在 ./configure 過程中,如果沒有加上 –with-ssl 引數時,預設安裝的軟體涉及到 ssl 的功能不可用,剛好 pip3 過程需要 ssl 模組,而由於沒有指定,所以該功能不可用。解決辦法是重新對 python 進行編譯安裝