OSPF及路由引入實驗

阿新 • • 發佈：2020-08-16

1、按規劃配置OSPF 及宣告介面到相應區域裡
AR1 router-id 1.1.1.1
AR2 router-id 2.2.2.2
AR3 router-id 3.3.3.3
AR4 router-id 4.4.4.4
2、控制DR 選舉，讓AR3成為DR，AR2成為BDR，AR1不參加選舉；對區域1的172.16的路由進行精確彙總
3、修改COST 讓區域3優選s0/0/0鏈路，備用s0/0/1鏈路
4、區域0實現基於區域的MD5認證，密碼為hcda001,區域3實現基於介面的明文認證密碼為huawei
5、AR4和AR5配置RIP 互通（模擬的外網不宣告），在AR5手工寫靜態預設路由並引入RIP。
6、AR4上進行RIP 和OSPF 的雙向路由引入，併為OSPF 通告預設路由，實現全網全通。

一、實驗配置參考：

AR1配置

interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0
 ip address 123.1.1.1 255.255.255.0 
 ospf dr-priority 0    //優先順序是0 不能參與DR 選舉，預設是1

interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
ospf network-type broadcast //迴環介面修改介面型別，為了讓其它路由器計算出/24 位掩碼的路由，不改是/32 掩碼的
路由
#
interface LoopBack1
ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255 
.255.0
#
interface LoopBack2
ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack3
ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack4
ip address 172.16.3.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 //指定router-id 並進入OSPF 程序1
area 0.0.0.0
authentication-mode md5 1 cipher hcda001 //基於區域進行MD5 認證
network 123.1 
.1.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.1
abr-summary 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 //在ABR 上對路由進行手工彙總
network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255
#
return

AR2的配置

interface Ethernet0/0/0
ip address 123.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
ospf dr-priority 5 //修改DR 選舉的優先順序，這裡是次優的，故R2 是BDR
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
ospf network-type broadcast
#
ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
area 0.0.0.0
authentication-mode md5 1 cipher hcda001
network 123.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.2
network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
#
AR3的

AR3的配置

#
interface Ethernet0/0/0
ip address 123.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
ospf dr-priority 10 //修改DR 選舉的優先順序，這裡是最優的，故R3 是DR
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.1 255.255.255.252
ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei //配置基於介面的認證
ospf cost 800 //在介面下手工修改開銷，主用路徑
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.5 255.255.255.252
ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei
ospf cost 1000 //在介面下手工修改開銷，備用路徑
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
ospf network-type broadcast
#
ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
area 0.0.0.0
authentication-mode md5 1 cipher hcda001
network 123.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
area 0.0.0.3
network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.7
#
return

AR4的配置

#
interface Ethernet0/0/0
ip address 45.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface Serial0/0/0
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.2 255.255.255.252
ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei
ospf cost 800
#
interface Serial0/0/1
link-protocol ppp
ip address 34.1.1.6 255.255.255.252
ospf authentication-mode simple plain huawei
ospf cost 1000
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.4.1 255.255.255.0
#
ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
default-route-advertise //在ASBR 上為其它OSPF 路由器通知預設路由，不改R1 上沒有0.0.0.0/0 的OSE 預設路
由
import-route rip 1 cost 2000 //引入RIP 路由域的路由進入OSPF 路由域（19.168.5.0、24 的路由）
area 0.0.0.3
network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.7
#
rip 1 //RIP 的配置
undo summary
version 2
network 192.168.4.0
network 45.0.0.0
import-route ospf 1 cost 5 //引入OSPF 的路由進入RIP 路由域
#
return

AR5的配置

#
interface Ethernet0/0/0
ip address 45.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack0
ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack100
ip address 100.100.100.100 255.255.255.0
#
interface LoopBack200
ip address 200.200.200.200 255.255.255.0
#
rip 1
undo summary
default-route originate cost 1 //RIP 通告預設路由
version 2
network 45.0.0.0
network 192.168.5.0
#
ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 LoopBack100 //模擬的去公網的路由
#

二、檢查配置
1、在AR1上可以驗證DR 選舉

<R1>dis ospf peer

     OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
         Neighbors 

 Area 0.0.0.0 interface 123.1.1.1(GigabitEthernet0/0/0)'s neighbors
 Router ID: 2.2.2.2          Address: 123.1.1.2       
   State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Master  Priority: 5
   DR: 123.1.1.3  BDR: 123.1.1.2  MTU: 0    
   Dead timer due in 32  sec 
   Retrans timer interval: 4 
   Neighbor is up for 01:03:15     
   Authentication Sequence: [ 3662] 

 Router ID: 3.3.3.3          Address: 123.1.1.3       
   State: Full  Mode:Nbr is  Master  Priority: 10
   DR: 123.1.1.3  BDR: 123.1.1.2  MTU: 0    
   Dead timer due in 27  sec 
   Retrans timer interval: 0 
   Neighbor is up for 01:03:16     
   Authentication Sequence: [ 3671] 

<R1>

2、在路由器上驗證區域認證

<R1>dis ospf brief

     OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1
         OSPF Protocol Information

 RouterID: 1.1.1.1          Border Router:  AREA 
 Multi-VPN-Instance is not enabled
 Global DS-TE Mode: Non-Standard IETF Mode
 Graceful-restart capability: disabled
 Helper support capability  : not configured
 Applications Supported: MPLS Traffic-Engineering 
 Spf-schedule-interval: max 10000ms, start 500ms, hold 1000ms
 Default ASE parameters: Metric: 1 Tag: 1 Type: 2
 Route Preference: 10 
 ASE Route Preference: 150 
 SPF Computation Count: 12    
 RFC 1583 Compatible
 Retransmission limitation is disabled
 Area Count: 2   Nssa Area Count: 0 
 ExChange/Loading Neighbors: 0
 Process total up interface count: 6
 Process valid up interface count: 1
 Area: 0.0.0.0          (MPLS TE not enabled)
 Authtype: MD5   Area flag: Normal
 SPF scheduled Count: 12    
 ExChange/Loading Neighbors: 0
 Router ID conflict state: Normal

3、在AR1上檢查OSPF 路由表

<R1>  dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8        

OSPF routing table status : <Active>
         Destinations : 8        Routes : 8

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   O_ASE   150  1           D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.1.1.0/30  OSPF    10   801         D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.1.1.4/30  OSPF    10   1801        D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.1.1.0/24  O_ASE   150  2000        D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.2.0/24  OSPF    10   1           D   123.1.1.2       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.3.0/24  OSPF    10   1           D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.4.0/24  O_ASE   150  2000        D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
    192.168.5.0/24  O_ASE   150  2000        D   123.1.1.3       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

OSPF routing table status : <Inactive>
         Destinations : 0        Routes : 0

4、在AR4(ASBR)上檢查全域性路由表

<R4>dis ip routing-table
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Tables: Public
         Destinations : 25       Routes : 25       

Destination/Mask    Proto   Pre  Cost      Flags NextHop         Interface

        0.0.0.0/0   RIP     100  2           D   45.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       34.1.1.0/30  Direct  0    0           D   34.1.1.2        Serial1/0/0
       34.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   34.1.1.1        Serial1/0/0
       34.1.1.2/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/0
       34.1.1.3/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/0
       34.1.1.4/30  Direct  0    0           D   34.1.1.6        Serial1/0/1
       34.1.1.5/32  Direct  0    0           D   34.1.1.5        Serial1/0/1
       34.1.1.6/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/1
       34.1.1.7/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       Serial1/0/1
       45.1.1.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   45.1.1.1        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
       45.1.1.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
     45.1.1.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       GigabitEthernet
0/0/0
      123.1.1.0/24  OSPF    10   801         D   34.1.1.1        Serial1/0/0
      127.0.0.0/8   Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
      127.0.0.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
127.255.255.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       InLoopBack0
     172.16.0.0/22  OSPF    10   801         D   34.1.1.1        Serial1/0/0
    192.168.1.0/24  OSPF    10   801         D   34.1.1.1        Serial1/0/0
    192.168.2.0/24  OSPF    10   801         D   34.1.1.1        Serial1/0/0
    192.168.3.0/24  OSPF    10   800         D   34.1.1.1        Serial1/0/0
    192.168.4.0/24  Direct  0    0           D   192.168.4.1     LoopBack0
    192.168.4.1/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
  192.168.4.255/32  Direct  0    0           D   127.0.0.1       LoopBack0
    192.168.5.0/24  RIP     100  1           D   45.1.1.2        GigabitEthernet
0/0/0

5、驗證全網聯通性

<R1>ping 192.168.3.1
  PING 192.168.3.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=60 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=40 ms
    Reply from 192.168.3.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=50 ms

  --- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/50/60 ms

<R1>ping 100.100.100.100
  PING 100.100.100.100: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 100.100.100.100: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=253 time=100 ms
    Reply from 100.100.100.100: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=253 time=70 ms
    Reply from 100.100.100.100: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=253 time=50 ms
    Reply from 100.100.100.100: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=253 time=70 ms
    Reply from 100.100.100.100: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=253 time=40 ms

  --- 100.100.100.100 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 40/66/100 ms

<R1>

<R4>ping 172.16.1.1
  PING 172.16.1.1: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=70 ms
    Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=60 ms
    Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=60 ms
    Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=50 ms
    Reply from 172.16.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=50 ms

  --- 172.16.1.1 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 50/58/70 ms

<R4>ping 200.200.200.200
  PING 200.200.200.200: 56  data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
    Reply from 200.200.200.200: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=30 ms
    Reply from 200.200.200.200: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 200.200.200.200: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=20 ms
    Reply from 200.200.200.200: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=10 ms
    Reply from 200.200.200.200: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=20 ms

  --- 200.200.200.200 ping statistics ---
    5 packet(s) transmitted
    5 packet(s) received
    0.00% packet loss
    round-trip min/avg/max = 10/20/30 ms

<R4>

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1、按規劃配置OSPF 及宣告介面到相應區域裡 AR1 router-id 1.1.1.1 AR2 router-id 2.2.2.2 AR3 router-id 3.3.3.3

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