lamdba初體驗
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-08-17
假設我們有一個場景:需要查詢指定條件的人員資訊,Person類定義了人員屬性,Utils生成我們需要的人員名單,下面的例子我們來探討下,
Person:
package crelle.test.java.other.beans; import java.time.LocalDate; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Person * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description:XX **/ public class Person { public enum Sex { MALE, FEMALE }private String name; private LocalDate birthday; private Sex gender; private String emailAddress; private int age; public void printPerson() { System.out.println(toString()); } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) {this.name = name; } public LocalDate getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(LocalDate birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public Sex getGender() { return gender; } public void setGender(Sex gender) { this.gender = gender; }public String getEmailAddress() { return emailAddress; } public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) { this.emailAddress = emailAddress; } public int getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(int age) { this.age = age; } @Override public String toString() { return "Person{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", gender=" + gender + ", emailAddress='" + emailAddress + '\'' + ", age=" + age + '}'; } }
Utils:
package crelle.test.java.other; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Order; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author:crelle * @className:utils * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description:XX **/ public class Utils { public static List<Person> getPersonsLists(){ List<Person> personList = new ArrayList<Person>(); Person person1 = new Person(); person1.setAge(15); LocalDate localDate1 = LocalDate.of(2020,4,1); person1.setBirthday(localDate1); person1.setGender(Person.Sex.MALE); person1.setEmailAddress("[email protected]"); person1.setName("tom"); personList.add(person1); Person person2 = new Person(); person2.setAge(17); LocalDate localDate2 = LocalDate.of(2020,6,1); person2.setBirthday(localDate2); person2.setGender(Person.Sex.MALE); person2.setEmailAddress("[email protected]"); person2.setName("john"); personList.add(person2); Person person3 = new Person(); person3.setAge(19); LocalDate localDate3 = LocalDate.of(2020,8,1); person3.setBirthday(localDate3); person3.setGender(Person.Sex.FEMALE); person3.setEmailAddress("[email protected]"); person3.setName("lili"); personList.add(person3); return personList; } }
1、獲取年齡為15的人員
方法的入參為人員集合,年齡
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Create Methods That Search for Members That Match One Characteristic **/ public class Approach1 { public static void main(String[] args) { printPersonsOlderThan(Utils.getPersonsLists(),15); } public static void printPersonsOlderThan(List<Person> roster, int age) { for (Person p : roster) { if (p.getAge() >= age) { p.printPerson(); } } } }
現在我們想獲取年齡在16-25之間的人員
2、獲取年齡在16-25之間的人員
方法的入參為人員集合,年齡範圍
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Create More Generalized Search Methods **/ public class Approach2 { public static void main(String[] args) { printPersonsWithinAgeRange(Utils.getPersonsLists(),16,25); } public static void printPersonsWithinAgeRange( List<Person> roster, int low, int high) { for (Person p : roster) { if (low <= p.getAge() && p.getAge() < high) { p.printPerson(); } } } }
我們做一個改進,把查詢條件做一個抽取,我們抽取一個介面CheckPerson:
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; /** * @author:crelle * @className:CheckPerson * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description:XX **/ public interface CheckPerson { boolean test(Person p); }
3、查詢16-25的男性
方法的入參為人員集合,CheckPerson實現類
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Specify Search Criteria Code in a Local Class **/ public class Approach3 { public static void main(String[] args) { printPersons(Utils.getPersonsLists(), new CheckPersonEligibleForSelectiveService()); } public static void printPersons( List<Person> roster, CheckPerson tester) { for (Person p : roster) { if (tester.test(p)) { p.printPerson(); } } } } class CheckPersonEligibleForSelectiveService implements CheckPerson { public boolean test(Person p) { return p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 16 && p.getAge() <= 25; } }
可以看出我們的條件入參由基本型別演變成了一個介面的實現類,下面我們用匿名類實現
4、查詢16-25的男性
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Specify Search Criteria Code in an Anonymous Class **/ public class Approach4 { public static void main(String[] args) { printPersons(Utils.getPersonsLists(),new CheckPerson() { public boolean test(Person p) { return p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 16 && p.getAge() <= 25; } } ); } public static void printPersons( List<Person> roster, CheckPerson tester) { for (Person p : roster) { if (tester.test(p)) { p.printPerson(); } } } }
條件入參我們還可以做改變,我們替換匿名類用lambda表示式來實現
5、查詢16-25的男性
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Specify Search Criteria Code with a Lambda Expression **/ public class Approach5 { public static void main(String[] args) { printPersons(Utils.getPersonsLists(),(Person p) -> p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 16 && p.getAge() <= 25); } public static void printPersons( List<Person> roster, CheckPerson tester) { for (Person p : roster) { if (tester.test(p)) { p.printPerson(); } } } }
我們仔細研究一下CheckPerson介面,返現只有一個抽象方法,輸入為物件,輸出為boolean型別,我們發現和下面的介面test方法很像:
我替換CheckPerson來使用它
6、查詢16-25的男性
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.Predicate; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Use Standard Functional Interfaces with Lambda Expressions **/ public class Approach6 { public static void main(String[] args) { printPersonsWithPredicate(Utils.getPersonsLists(),(Person p) -> p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 16 && p.getAge() <= 25); } public static void printPersonsWithPredicate( List<Person> roster, Predicate<Person> tester) { for (Person p : roster) { if (tester.test(p)) { p.printPerson(); } } } }
我們可以把列印人員明細單獨抽取出來,作為一個入參
7、查詢16-25的男性
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.Consumer; import java.util.function.Predicate; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Use Lambda Expressions Throughout Your Application **/ public class Approach7 { public static void main(String[] args) { processPersons(Utils.getPersonsLists(), p -> p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 16 && p.getAge() <= 25, p -> p.printPerson() ); } public static void processPersons( List<Person> roster, Predicate<Person> tester, Consumer<Person> block) { for (Person p : roster) { if (tester.test(p)) { block.accept(p); } } } }
8、查詢16-25的男性,並且列印他們的電子郵箱
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.Consumer; import java.util.function.Function; import java.util.function.Predicate; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Specify Search Criteria Code with a Lambda Expression **/ public class Approach8 { public static void main(String[] args) { processPersonsWithFunction( Utils.getPersonsLists(), p -> p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 16 && p.getAge() <= 25, p -> p.getEmailAddress(), email -> System.out.println(email) ); } public static void processPersonsWithFunction( List<Person> roster, Predicate<Person> tester, Function<Person, String> mapper, Consumer<String> block) { for (Person p : roster) { if (tester.test(p)) { String data = mapper.apply(p); block.accept(data); } } } }
我們用到了下面的函式式介面
T
- the type of the input to the function 函式輸入
R
- the type of the result of the function 函式輸出
我們使用強大的stream配合lambda來實現查詢16-25的男性,並且列印他們的電子郵箱
9、查詢16-25的男性,並且列印他們的電子郵箱
package crelle.test.java.util.function.lambdatutorials; import crelle.test.java.other.Utils; import crelle.test.java.other.beans.Person; import java.time.LocalDate; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import java.util.function.Consumer; import java.util.function.Function; import java.util.function.Predicate; /** * @author:crelle * @className:Approach1 * @version:1.0.0 * @date:2020/8/15 * @description: Use Aggregate Operations That Accept Lambda Expressions as Parameters **/ public class Approach9 { public static void main(String[] args) { Utils.getPersonsLists() .stream() .filter( p -> p.getGender() == Person.Sex.MALE && p.getAge() >= 12 && p.getAge() <= 25) .map(p -> p.getEmailAddress()) .forEach(email -> System.out.println(email)); } }
實現同一個功能程式碼少了多少,自己體會。
完畢!