1. 程式人生 > 實用技巧 >Logstash 日誌收集

Logstash 日誌收集

一.Logstash收集日誌

1.Logstash的配置檔案

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/logstash.yml
path.config: /etc/logstash/conf.d

2.logstash收集日誌檔案到檔案

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/file_file.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  file {
    path => "/tmp/messages_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

3.logstash收集日誌檔案到ES

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/file_es.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["172.16.1.51:9200"]
    index => "messages_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

4.Logstash收集多日誌到檔案

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/file_file.conf
input {
  file {
    type => "messages_log"
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
  file {
    type => "secure_log"
    path => "/var/log/secure"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }       
}        
output {  
  if [type] == "messages_log" { 
    file {
      path => "/tmp/messages_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    }        
  }
  if [type] == "secure_log" {
    file {
      path => "/tmp/secure_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    }
  } 
}

5.Logstash收集多日誌到ES

1)方法一:

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_es.conf 
input {
  file {
    type => "messages_log"
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
  file {
    type => "secure_log"
    path => "/var/log/secure"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  if [type] == "messages_log" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
      index => "messages_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    }
  }
  if [type] == "secure_log" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
      index => "secure_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    }
  }
}

[root@web01 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_es.conf &

#啟動後檢視頁面

2)方法二:

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_es_2.conf 
input {
  file {
    type => "messages_log"
    path => "/var/log/messages"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
  file {
    type => "secure_log"
    path => "/var/log/secure"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "%{type}_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
  }
}

[root@web01 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_es_2.conf --path.data=/data/logstash/more_es_2 &

3)啟動多例項

#建立不同的資料目錄
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /data/logstash/more_es_2
[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /data/logstash/more_es

#啟動時使用--path.data指定資料目錄
[root@web01 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_es.conf --path.data=/data/logstash/more_es &
[root@web01 ~]# /usr/share/logstash/bin/logstash -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_es_2.conf --path.data=/data/logstash/more_es_2 &

#如果資源充足,可以使用多例項收集多日誌,如果伺服器資源不足,啟動不了多例項,配置一個檔案收集多日誌啟動

二、Logstash收集Tomcat日誌

1.安裝Tomcat

1.安裝java環境
[root@web01 ~]# rpm -ivh jdk-8u181-linux-x64.rpm

2.上傳包
[root@web01 ~]# rz apache-tomcat-10.0.0-M7.tar.gz

3.解壓
[root@web01 ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-10.0.0-M7.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

4.做軟連線
[root@web01 ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-10.0.0-M7 /usr/local/tomcat

5.啟動Tomcat
[root@web01 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

6.訪問頁面 10.0.0.7:8080

2.配置Logstash收集Tomcat日誌到檔案

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat_file.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.*.txt"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  file {
    path => "/tmp/tomcat_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

3.配置Logstash收集Tomcat日誌到ES

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat_es.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/localhost_access_log.*.txt"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "tomcat_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

三、收集Tomcat日誌修改格式

#收集tomcat日誌,當遇到報錯時,一條報錯會被分割成很多條資料,不方便檢視

解決方法:
1.修改tomcat日誌格式為json
	1)開發修改輸出日誌為json
	2)修改tomcat配置,日誌格式為json
2.使用logstash的input外掛下的mutiline模組

1.方法一:修改tomcat日誌格式

1)配置tomcat日誌為json格式

[root@web01 ~]# vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml
#把原來的日誌格式註釋,新增我們的格式
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="tomcat_access_json" suffix=".log"
               pattern="{&quot;clientip&quot;:&quot;%h&quot;,&quot;ClientUser&quot;:&quot;%l&quot;,&quot;authenticated&quot;:&quot;%u&quot;,&quot;AccessTime&quot;:&quot;%t&quot;,&quot;method&quot;:&quot;%r&quot;,&quot;status&quot;:&quot;%s&quot;,&quot;SendBytes&quot;:&quot;%b&quot;,&quot;Query?string&quot;:&quot;%q&quot;,&quot;partner&quot;:&quot;%{Referer}i&quot;,&quot;AgentVersion&quot;:&quot;%{User-Agent}i&quot;}"/>

2)重啟tomcat

[root@web01 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
[root@web01 ~]# /usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh

3)配置收集新的tomcat日誌

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat_json_es.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_json.*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "tomcat_json_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

2.方法二:使用mutiline模組收集日誌

1)配置收集日誌測試

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/test_mutiline.conf
input {
  stdin {
    codec => multiline {
	  #以[開頭
      pattern => "^\["
      #匹配到
      negate => true
      #向上合併,向下合併是next
      what => "previous"
    }
  }
}
output {
  stdout {
    codec => json
  }
}

#測試,輸入內容不會直接輸出,當遇到以 [ 開頭才會收集以上的日誌

2)配置收集tomcat錯誤日誌

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat_mutiline.conf 
input {
  file {
    path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_json.*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    codec => multiline {
      pattern => "^\["
      negate => true
      what => "previous"
    }
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "tomcat_json_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    codec => "json"
  }
}

3)將錯誤日誌寫入

[root@web01 ~]# cat 1.txt >> /usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_json.2020-08-14.log

4)頁面檢視資料

四、收集Nginx日誌

1.安裝Nginx

[root@web01 ~]# yum install -y nginx

2.配置Nginx日誌格式

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
... ...
http {
    log_format  json  '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
                      '"host":"$server_addr",'
                      '"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
                      '"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
                      '"responsetime":$request_time,'
                      '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
                      '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
                      '"http_host":"$host",'
                      '"url":"$uri",'
                      '"referer":"$http_referer",'
                      '"agent":"$http_user_agent",'
                      '"status":"$status"}';

    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  json;
... ...

3.配置收集Nginx日誌

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx_json.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "nginx_json_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

五、獲取的日誌引數分離

1.方法一:

1)修改tomcat日誌收集配置

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tomcat_json_es.conf

input {
  file {
    path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_json.*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
  }
}

#把收集到的資料進行處理
filter {
  json {
    source => "message"
  }
}

output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "tomcat_json_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

2)去掉多餘資料

#message資料已經拆分,資料還在,去掉message資料
filter {
  json {
    source => "message"
    remove_field => ["message"]
  }
}

2.方法二:

1)修改收集Nginx日誌的配置

#nginx不需要配置修改獲取日誌,只需要收集同時修改格式即可
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx_json.conf 
input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    codec => "json"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "nginx_json_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}.log"
  }
}

六、Logstash收集日誌寫入redis

1.安裝redis

2.配置將資料寫入redis

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/nginx_to_redis.conf
input {
  file {
    path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    codec => "json"
  }
}
output {
  redis {
    host => "172.16.1.51"
    port => "6379"
    data_type => "list"
    db => "0"
    key => "nginx_log"
  }
}

4.收集Nginx和tomcat日誌到redis

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/more_to_redis.conf
input {
  file {
    type => "nginx_log"
    path => "/var/log/nginx/access.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    codec => "json"
  }
  file {
    type => "tomcat_log"
    path => "/usr/local/tomcat/logs/tomcat_access_json.*.log"
    start_position => "beginning"
    codec => "json"
  }
}
output {
  if [type] == "nginx_log" {
    redis {
      host => "172.16.1.51"
      port => "6379"
      data_type => "list"
      db => "0"
      key => "nginx_log"
    }
  }
  if [type] == "tomcat_log" {
    redis {
      host => "172.16.1.51"
      port => "6379"
      data_type => "list"
      db => "1"
      key => "tomcat_log"
    }
  }
}

#驗證:訪問Nginx和tomcat頁面,檢視redis裡面有沒有key
127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN nginx_log
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> LLEN nginx_log
(integer) 888
127.0.0.1:6379> LRANGE nginx_log 0 -1

5.配置將redis取出,寫入ES

[root@db02 ~]# yum localinstall -y logstash-6.6.0.rpm
[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/redis_to_es.conf
input {
  redis {
    host => "172.16.1.51"
    port => "6379"
    db => "0"
    data_type => "list"
    key => "nginx_log"
  }
  redis {
    host => "172.16.1.51"
    port => "6379"
    db => "1"
    data_type => "list"
    key => "tomcat_log"
  }
}
output {
  if [type] == "nginx_log" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
      index => "nginx_log_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    }
  }
  if [type] == "tomcat_log" {
    elasticsearch {
      hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
      index => "tomcat_log_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
    }
  }
}

七、通過TCP/UDP收集日誌

1.配置收集日誌

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf
input {
  tcp {
    port => "1234"
    mode => "server"
  }
}
output {
  stdout {}
} 

2.使用telnet測試

[root@db02 ~]# telnet 172.16.1.7 1234
Trying 172.16.1.7...
Connected to 172.16.1.7.
Escape character is '^]'.
123
345

#輸出內容
{
    "@timestamp" => 2020-08-17T02:23:05.833Z,
          "host" => "172.16.1.52",
          "port" => 33002,
       "message" => "\r",
      "@version" => "1"
}
{
    "@timestamp" => 2020-08-17T02:23:32.562Z,
          "host" => "172.16.1.52",
          "port" => 33002,
       "message" => "123\r",
      "@version" => "1"
}
{
    "@timestamp" => 2020-08-17T02:23:38.300Z,
          "host" => "172.16.1.52",
          "port" => 33002,
       "message" => "345\r",
      "@version" => "1"
}

3.使用nc工具測試

#安裝
[root@db02 ~]# yum install -y nc

#使用nc工具
[root@db02 ~]# nc 172.16.1.7 1234
123
456

#使用nc工具收集日誌到logstash的伺服器
[root@web01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log | nc 10.0.0.7 1234 &
[1] 29595

#傳送偽裝置資料
[root@web01 ~]# echo "偽裝置測試" > /dev/tcp/10.0.0.7/1234

4.收集日誌到ES

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/tcp.conf
input {
  tcp {
    port => "1234"
    mode => "server"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "tcp_log_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
  }
}

八、Logstash配合rsyslog收集haproxy日誌

1.rsyslog介紹

在centos 6及之前的版本叫做syslog,centos 7開始叫做rsyslog,根據官方的介紹,rsyslog(2013年版本)可以達到每秒轉發百萬條日誌的級別,官方網址:http://www.rsyslog.com/

2.安裝

[root@web01 ~]# yum isntall -y rsyslog

3.配置rsyslog

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/rsyslog.conf
#開啟註釋
$ModLoad imudp
$UDPServerRun 514
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514
#新增日誌收集級別
local6.*       @@172.16.1.52:2222

4.安裝haproxy

[root@web01 ~]# yum install -y haproxy

5.配置haproxy

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
maxconn 100000
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
uid 99
gid 99
daemon
nbproc 1
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
log 127.0.0.1 local6 info

defaults
option http-keep-alive
option  forwardfor
maxconn 100000
mode http
timeout connect 300000ms
timeout client  300000ms
timeout server  300000ms

listen stats
 mode http
 bind 0.0.0.0:9999
 stats enable
 log global
 stats uri     /haproxy-status
 stats auth    haadmin:123456

#frontend web_port
frontend web_port
        bind 0.0.0.0:80
        mode http
        option httplog
        log global
        option  forwardfor
###################ACL Setting##########################
        acl pc          hdr_dom(host) -i www.elk.com
        acl mobile      hdr_dom(host) -i m.elk.com
###################USE ACL##############################
        use_backend     pc_host        if  pc
        use_backend     mobile_host    if  mobile
########################################################

backend pc_host
        mode    http
        option  httplog
        balance source
        server web1  10.0.0.53:8081 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 2 weight 1

backend mobile_host
        mode    http
        option  httplog
        balance source
        server web1  10.0.0.53:8080 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 2 weight 1
        
        
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
#全域性配置
global
#最大併發
maxconn 100000
#安全機制
chroot /var/lib/haproxy
#指定啟動的使用者和組
uid 99
gid 99
#守護程序
daemon
#haproxy的程序數
nbproc 1
#指定pid檔案
pidfile /var/run/haproxy.pid
#指定日誌級別
log 127.0.0.1 local6 info

#預設配置
defaults
#開啟長連線
option http-keep-alive
#獲取使用者真實IP
option  forwardfor
#最大連線數
maxconn 100000
#支援http協議
mode http
#設定連線超時時間
timeout connect 300000ms
timeout client  300000ms
timeout server  300000ms

#監控狀態
listen status
 #支援http
 mode http
 #監聽埠
 bind 0.0.0.0:9999
 #啟動
 stats enable
 #日誌級別
 log global
 #訪問uri地址
 stats uri     /haproxy-status
 #狀態頁使用者名稱和密碼
 stats auth    haadmin:123456

#frontend web_port
frontend web_port
        bind 0.0.0.0:80
        mode http
        option httplog
        log global
        option  forwardfor
###################ACL Setting##########################
        acl nginx       hdr_dom(host) -i www.nginx.com
        acl tomcat      hdr_dom(host) -i www.tomcat.com
###################USE ACL##############################
        use_backend     nginx_host     if  nginx
        use_backend     tomcat_host    if  tomcat
########################################################

backend nginx_host
        mode    http
        option  httplog
        balance source
        server web01  10.0.0.7:8081 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 2 weight 1

backend tomcat_host
        mode    http
        option  httplog
        balance source
        server web01  10.0.0.7:8080 check inter 2000 rise 3 fall 2 weight 1

6.修改Nginx啟動埠

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    server {
        listen       8081 default_server;
        ...

7.啟動服務

#啟動haproxy
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start haproxy.service

#啟動rsyslog
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start rsyslog

#驗證
[root@web01 ~]# netstat -lntp

8.訪問狀態頁面

http://10.0.0.7:9999/haproxy-status
haadmin
123456

9.測試訪問Nginx和tomcat

#配置本地hosts
10.0.0.7 www.nginx.com
10.0.0.7 www.tomcat.com

#訪問頁面
http://www.nginx.com/
http://www.tomcat.com/

10.測試配置收集proxy日誌

[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/haproxy.conf
input {
  syslog {
    port => "2222"
  }
}
output {
  stdout {}
}

#訪問haproxy的頁面,檢視有無輸出

11.配置收集proxy日誌到ES

[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/haproxy_es.conf
input {
  syslog {
    port => "2222"
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["10.0.0.51:9200"]
    index => "haproxy_log_%{+YYYY-MM-dd}"
  }
}