ASP.Net Core -- Identity
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-08-18
ASP.Net Core Identity是ASP.Net Core預設的內建的身份認證授權系統，可以管理成員，角色等等之類的東西，預設使用的是Microsoft SqlServer，然後，它也支援外部的身份認證。
• 寫個小例子，學習記錄一下：
一個控制器：AccountController；兩個檢視：Login和Register；兩個模型類：LoginViewModel.cs和RegisterViewModel.cs
• ASP.Net Core Identity重點類：
UserManager<IdentityUser>：用來操作使用者，比如：刪除使用者，新增使用者....並把處理結果儲存在一個地方，預設使用的SqlServer
SignInManager<IdentityUser>：主要用來對使用者的身份認證的
• 程式碼示例：
新建一個AccountController控制器，並且注入以上兩個重點類：
public class AccountController : Controller
{
private readonly SignInManager<IdentityUser> _signInManager;
private readonly UserManager<IdentityUser> _userManager;
public AccountController(SignInManager<IdentityUser> signInManager,
UserManager<IdentityUser> userManager)
{
_signInManager = signInManager;
_userManager = userManager;
}
public IActionResult Login() {
return View();
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Login(LoginViewModel loginViewModel)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
return View(loginViewModel);
}
var user = await _userManager.FindByNameAsync(loginViewModel.UserName);
if (user != null)
{
var result = await _signInManager.PasswordSignInAsync(user, loginViewModel.Password, false, false);
if (result.Succeeded)
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
}
ModelState.AddModelError("", "使用者名稱或密碼不正確");
return View(loginViewModel);
}
public IActionResult Register()
{
return View();
}
[HttpPost]
public async Task<IActionResult> Register(RegisterViewModel registerViewModel)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
var user = new IdentityUser
{
UserName = registerViewModel.UserName
};
var result = await _userManager.CreateAsync(user, registerViewModel.Password);
if (result.Succeeded)
{
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
};
return View(registerViewModel);
}
public async Task<IActionResult> logout()
{
await _signInManager.SignOutAsync();
return RedirectToAction("Index", "Home");
}
Login檢視：
@model LoginViewModel
<h2>請登入或者<a asp-action="Register" asp-controller="Account">註冊</a></h2>
<form asp-action="Login" asp-controller="Account" method="post">
<div>
<label asp-for="UserName"></label>
<input asp-for="UserName"/>
<span asp-validation-for="UserName"></span>
</div>
<div>
<label asp-for="Password"></label>
<input asp-for="Password" />
<span asp-validation-for="Password"></span>
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</div>
<div asp-validation-summary="All"></div>
</form>
Register檢視：
@model RegisterViewModel
<h2>註冊</h2>
<form asp-action="Register" asp-controller="Account" method="post">
<div>
<label asp-for="UserName"></label>
<input asp-for="UserName" />
<span asp-validation-for="UserName"></span>
</div>
<div>
<label asp-for="Password"></label>
<input asp-for="Password" />
<span asp-validation-for="Password"></span>
</div>
<div>
<input type="submit" value="提交" />
</div>
<div asp-validation-summary="All"></div>
</form>
Layout佈局頁：
<!DOCTYPE html>
@using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity
@inject SignInManager<IdentityUser> SignInManager
<html>
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width" />
<title></title>
<link href="~/node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
<nav class="navbar navbar-light bg-light">
<a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Navbar</a>
@if (SignInManager.IsSignedIn(User))
{
<form asp-action="Logout" asp-controller="Account" method="post" id="logoutForm">
<ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
<li>
<a href="javascript:document.getElementById('logoutForm').submit()">登出</a>
</li>
</ul>
</form>
}
else
{
<ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto">
<li>
<a asp-action="Register" asp-controller="Account">註冊</a>
</li>
<li>
<a asp-action="Login" asp-controller="Account">登入</a>
</li>
</ul>
}
</nav>
<div>
@RenderBody()
</div>
<script src="~/node_modules/jquery/dist/jquery.js"></script>
<script src="~/node_modules/jquery-validation/dist/jquery.validate.js"></script>
<script src="~/node_modules/jquery-validation-unobtrusive/dist/jquery.validate.unobtrusive"></script>
</body>
</html>
LoginViewModel.cs和RegisterViewModel.cs內容一樣，如下：
public class LoginViewModel
{
[Required]
[Display(Name ="使用者名稱")]
public string UserName { get; set; }
[Required]
[Display(Name ="密碼")]
[DataType(DataType.Password)]
public string Password { get; set; }
}
最後，註冊服務，進行資料遷移：
在startup.cs註冊服務：
services.AddDbContext<IdentityDbContext>(options => options.UseMySql(_configuration.GetConnectionString("MysqlConnection"),b=>b.MigrationsAssembly("Tutorials.Web")));
services.AddDefaultIdentity<IdentityUser>().AddEntityFrameworkStores<IdentityDbContext>();
services.Configure<IdentityOptions>(options =>
{
// Password settings.
options.Password.RequireDigit = false;
options.Password.RequireLowercase = false;
options.Password.RequireNonAlphanumeric = false;
options.Password.RequireUppercase = false;
options.Password.RequiredLength = 1;
options.Password.RequiredUniqueChars = 1;
// Lockout settings.
options.Lockout.DefaultLockoutTimeSpan = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5);
options.Lockout.MaxFailedAccessAttempts = 5;
options.Lockout.AllowedForNewUsers = false;
// User settings.
options.User.AllowedUserNameCharacters =
"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-._@+";
options.User.RequireUniqueEmail = false;
});
在Configure理新增：
app.UseAuthentication();
然後進行遷移，開啟Nuget包控制檯，首先輸入遷移命令：
Add-migration initialIdentity -Context IdentityDbContext
然後輸入更新資料庫命令：
update database -Context IdentityDbContext
這個時候，資料庫中會多幾張表，使用者存放使用者資訊。這樣，一個小demo就實現了，使用者登入，註冊，登入成功或者註冊成功後跳轉到index頁，並隱藏登入和註冊按鈕，顯示登出按鈕。