1. 程式人生 > 實用技巧 >Spring-06-依賴注入(DI)

Spring-06-依賴注入(DI)

依賴注入(DI)

1 構造器注入

(前面已經說過了)

2 Set方式注入(重點)

  • 依賴注入:Set注入!
    • 依賴:bean物件的建立依賴於容器;
    • 注入:bean物件的所有屬性,由容器來注入;

環境搭建

  1. 複雜型別
public class Address {
    private String address;

    public String getAddress() {
        return address;
    }

    public void setAddress(String address) {
        this.address = address;
    }
}
  1. 真實測試物件
public class Student {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
    private String[] books;
    private List<String> hobbys;
    private Map<String,String> card;
    private Set<String> games;
    private String wife;
    private Properties info;
    }
  1. beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
        <!--第一種,普通值注入,用value-->
        <property name="name" value="huba"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
  1. 測試類
@Test
public void test1(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
    Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
    System.out.println(student.getName());
}

完善注入資訊:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="address" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address"/>

    <bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
        <!--第一種,普通值注入,用value-->
        <property name="name" value="huba"/>
        <!--第二種 bean注入 用ref-->
        <property name="address" ref="address"/>
        <!--陣列-->
        <property name="books">
            <array>
                <value>紅樓夢</value>
                <value>西遊記</value>
                <value>水滸傳</value>
                <value>三國演義</value>
            </array>
        </property>
        <!--list-->
        <property name="hobbys">
            <list>
                <value>聽歌</value>
                <value>敲程式碼</value>
                <value>看電影</value>

            </list>
        </property>
        <!--map-->
        <property name="card">
            <map>
                <entry key="身份證" value="111111222222223333"/>
                <entry key="銀行卡" value="123123123123123"/>
                
            </map>
        </property>
        <!--set-->
        <property name="games">
            <set>
                <value>LOL</value>
                <value>COC</value>
                <value>BOB</value>
            </set>
        </property>
        <!--null-->
        <property name="wife">
            <null/>
        </property>
        <!--properties-->
        <property name="info">
            <props>
                <prop key="driver">1601400105</prop>
                <prop key="url">男</prop>
                <prop key="username">root</prop>
                <prop key="password">123456</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>
</beans>

3 拓展方式注入

我們可以使用p名稱空間和c名稱空間注入。

官方解釋:

使用:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!--p名稱空間注入 p=properties-->
    <bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="huba" p:age="18">

    </bean>
    <!--c名稱空間注入 c=construct-args -->
    <bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="88" c:name="CodeHuba"/>

</beans>

測試:

@Test
public void test2(){
    ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userebeans.xml");
    User user = context.getBean("user2", User.class);
    System.out.println(user);
}

注意點:

需要匯入名稱空間約束!

xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"

4 Bean的作用域(Scope)

  1. 單例模式(Spring預設機制)
<bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="88" c:name="CodeHuba" scope="singleton"/>
  1. 原型模式:每次從容器中get的時候,都會產生一個新物件

<bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="88" c:name="CodeHuba" scope="prototype"/>
  1. 其餘的request、session、application,這些個只能在web開發中使用!