oracle資料與文字匯入匯出原始碼示例
阿新 • • 發佈:2020-01-09
oracle提供了sqlldr的工具,有時需要講資料匯入到文字,oracle的spool可以輕鬆實現。
方便的實現oracle匯出資料到txt、txt匯入資料到oracle。
一、匯出資料到txt
用all_objects表做測試
SQL> desc all_objects; Name Null? Type ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- OWNER NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_NAME NOT NULL VARCHAR2(30) SUBOBJECT_NAME VARCHAR2(30) OBJECT_ID NOT NULL NUMBER DATA_OBJECT_ID NUMBER OBJECT_TYPE VARCHAR2(19) CREATED NOT NULL DATE LAST_DDL_TIME NOT NULL DATE TIMESTAMP VARCHAR2(19) STATUS VARCHAR2(7) TEMPORARY VARCHAR2(1) GENERATED VARCHAR2(1) SECONDARY VARCHAR2(1)
拿object_id,object_name做匯出、匯入測試。
一些設定滿足資料匯出的樣式:
vi exp_table.sql
set line 1000 --設定行的長度 set pagesize 0 --輸出不換頁 set feedback off --預設的當一條sql發出的時候,oracle會給一個反饋,比如說建立表的時候,如果成功命令列會返回類似:Table created的反饋,off後不顯示反饋 set heading off --不顯示錶頭資訊 set trimspool on --如果trimspool設定為on,將移除spool檔案中的尾部空 set trims on --去掉空字元 set echo off; --顯示start啟動的指令碼中的每個sql命令,預設為on set colsep '|' --設定分隔符 set termout off --不在螢幕上顯示結果 spool db1.txt --記錄資料到db1.txt select object_id,object_name from all_objects; --匯出資料語句 spool off --收集完畢 exit
一切就緒後匯出資料:
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test @exp_table.sql SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:35:14 2013 Copyright (c) 1982,2007,Oracle. All Rights Reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning,OLAP,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production With the Partitioning,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options [oracle@centos5 ~]$ sed -i 's/ //g' db1.txt --可選,去除每行開頭部分的空格 [oracle@centos5 ~]$ more db1.txt 20|ICOL$ 44|I_USER1 28|CON$ 15|UNDO$ 29|C_COBJ# 3|I_OBJ# 25|PROXY_ROLE_DATA$
匯出後檢查資料的記錄數是否正確
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ cat db1.txt |wc -l 49988 [oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlplus test/test SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 16:36:21 2013 Copyright (c) 1982,Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> select count(*) from all_objects; COUNT(*) ---------- 49988 --資料正確
二、從txt匯入資料到oracle
sqlldr是通過一個control檔案設定後,從文字匯入資料
建立一張測試表
SQL> create table tb_sqlldr (id number,name varchar2(50)); Table created.
建立一個control檔案
vi tb_sqlldr.ctl
load data infile 'db1.txt' --資料來源文字 append into table tb_sqlldr --資料匯入到表tb_sqldr中,匯入方式為追加,如果想覆蓋 fields terminated by "|" --4、欄位終止於X'09',是一個製表符(tab) (id,name) --定義對應的欄位名稱,注意順序
匯入資料分成四種模式,可以根據需求選擇:
APPEND // 原先的表有資料 就加在後面
INSERT // 裝載空表 如果原先的表有資料 sqlloader會停止 預設值
REPLACE // 原先的表有資料 原先的資料會全部刪除
TRUNCATE // 指定的內容和replace的相同 會用truncate語句刪除現存資料
執行匯入操作
sqlldr userid=test/test control=tb_sqlldr.ctl
差不多5w的資料短短2s解決
執行匯入後驗證資料
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr; COUNT(*) ---------- 49988
匯入成功
再執行一次匯入操作,由於設定為追加:
SQL> select count(*) from tb_sqlldr; COUNT(*) ---------- 99976
記錄翻倍
sqlldr還有很多引數供選擇,比如log、bad這些,檢視幫助即可。
[oracle@centos5 ~]$ sqlldr SQL*Loader: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Jun 13 17:07:26 2013 Copyright (c) 1982,Oracle. All rights reserved. Usage: SQLLDR keyword=value [,keyword=value,...] Valid Keywords: userid -- ORACLE username/password control -- control file name log -- log file name bad -- bad file name data -- data file name discard -- discard file name discardmax -- number of discards to allow (Default all) skip -- number of logical records to skip (Default 0) load -- number of logical records to load (Default all) errors -- number of errors to allow (Default 50) rows -- number of rows in conventional path bind array or between direct path data saves (Default: Conventional path 64,Direct path all) bindsize -- size of conventional path bind array in bytes (Default 256000) silent -- suppress messages during run (header,feedback,errors,discards,partitions) direct -- use direct path (Default FALSE) parfile -- parameter file: name of file that contains parameter specifications parallel -- do parallel load (Default FALSE) file -- file to allocate extents from skip_unusable_indexes -- disallow/allow unusable indexes or index partitions (Default FALSE) skip_index_maintenance -- do not maintain indexes,mark affected indexes as unusable (Default FALSE) commit_discontinued -- commit loaded rows when load is discontinued (Default FALSE) readsize -- size of read buffer (Default 1048576) external_table -- use external table for load; NOT_USED,GENERATE_ONLY,EXECUTE (Default NOT_USED) columnarrayrows -- number of rows for direct path column array (Default 5000) streamsize -- size of direct path stream buffer in bytes (Default 256000) multithreading -- use multithreading in direct path resumable -- enable or disable resumable for current session (Default FALSE) resumable_name -- text string to help identify resumable statement resumable_timeout -- wait time (in seconds) for RESUMABLE (Default 7200) date_cache -- size (in entries) of date conversion cache (Default 1000) PLEASE NOTE: Command-line parameters may be specified either by position or by keywords. An example of the former case is 'sqlldr scott/tiger foo'; an example of the latter is 'sqlldr control=foo userid=scott/tiger'. One may specify parameters by position before but not after parameters specified by keywords. For example,'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo logfile=log' is allowed,but 'sqlldr scott/tiger control=foo log' is not,even though the position of the parameter 'log' is correct.
總結
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