淺談Java HttpURLConnection請求方式
阿新 • • 發佈：2020-08-25
一）URL代理請求
該方式請求有兩種代理方式。
方式一：使用該方式代理之後，之後的所有介面都會使用代理請求
// 對http開啟全域性代理
System.setProperty("http.proxyHost","192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("http.proxyPort","80");
// 對https開啟全域性代理
System.setProperty("https.proxyHost","192.168.1.1");
System.setProperty("https.proxyPort","80");
方式二：適用於只有部分介面需要代理請求場景
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP,new InetSocketAddress("192.168.1.1",80));
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/ouyangjun");
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}二）無引數GET請求
方法解析：
HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(String requestURL,String proxyHost,Integer proxyPort);
requestURL：請求路徑，必填
proxyHost：代理IP，即伺服器代理地址，可為null
proxyPort：代理埠，可為null
說明：一般本地測試幾乎是不會用代理的，只有伺服器用代理方式請求比較多。
實現原始碼：
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* http請求工具類
* @author ouyangjun
*/
public class HttpGetUtils {
/**
* http get請求,不帶引數
* @param requestURL
* @param method
* @return
*/
public static String doGetNoParameters(String requestURL,Integer proxyPort) {
// 記錄資訊
StringBuffer buffer = new StringBuffer();
HttpURLConnection conn = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(requestURL);
// 判斷是否需要代理模式請求http
if (proxyHost != null && proxyPort != null) {
// 如果是本機自己測試,不需要代理請求,但發到伺服器上的時候需要代理請求
// 對http開啟全域性代理
//System.setProperty("http.proxyHost",proxyHost);
//System.setProperty("http.proxyPort",proxyPort);
// 對https開啟全域性代理
//System.setProperty("https.proxyHost",proxyHost);
//System.setProperty("https.proxyPort",proxyPort);
// 代理訪問http請求
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Type.HTTP,new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost,proxyPort));
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
// 原生訪問http請求，未代理請求
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 設定請求的屬性
conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以輸出
conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // 請求方式,只包含"GET","POST","HEAD","OPTIONS","PUT","DELETE","TRACE"六種
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超時時間
conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高讀取時間
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高連線時間
// 讀取資料
InputStream is = null;
InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
is = conn.getInputStream();
inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8");
reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
String temp;
while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(temp);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
} finally {
try {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (inputReader != null) {
inputReader.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("HttpGetUtils doGetNoParameters error: " + e);
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 當http連線空閒時,釋放資源
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
// 返回資訊
return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
}
}三）帶引數POST請求
方法解析：
HttpPostUtils.doPost(String requestURL,String params,Integer proxyPort);
requestURL：請求路徑，必填
params：請求引數，必填，資料格式為JSON
proxyHost：代理IP，即伺服器代理地址，可為null
proxyPort：代理埠，可為null
說明：一般本地測試幾乎是不會用代理的，只有伺服器用代理方式請求比較多。
實現原始碼：
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.Proxy;
import java.net.Proxy.Type;
import java.net.URL;
/**
* http請求工具類
* @author ouyangjun
*/
public class HttpPostUtils {
/**
* http post請求,帶引數
* @param requestURL
* @param params
* @return
*/
public static String doPost(String requestURL,proxyPort));
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
} else {
// 原生訪問http請求，未代理請求
conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}
// 設定請求的屬性
conn.setDoOutput(true); // 是否可以輸出
conn.setRequestMethod("POST"); // 請求方式,"TRACE"六種
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高超時時間
conn.setReadTimeout(60000); // 最高讀取時間
conn.setConnectTimeout(60000); // 最高連線時間
conn.setDoInput(true); // 是否可以輸入
if (params != null) {
// 設定引數為json格式
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-type","application/json");
// 寫入引數資訊
OutputStream os = conn.getOutputStream();
try {
os.write(params.getBytes("UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
} finally {
try {
if (os != null) {
os.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
}
}
}
// 讀取資料
InputStream is = null;
InputStreamReader inputReader = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
try {
is = conn.getInputStream();
inputReader = new InputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8");
reader = new BufferedReader(inputReader);
String temp;
while ((temp = reader.readLine()) != null) {
buffer.append(temp);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
} finally {
try {
if (reader != null) {
reader.close();
}
if (inputReader != null) {
inputReader.close();
}
if (is != null) {
is.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("HttpPostUtils doPost error: " + e);
}
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 當http連線空閒時,釋放資源
if (conn != null) {
conn.disconnect();
}
}
// 返回資訊
return buffer.length()==0 ? "" : buffer.toString();
}
}
四）Http模擬測試
本案例是使用了微信公眾號兩個介面作為了測試案例。
appID和appsecret需要申請了微信公眾號才能獲取到。
package com.ouyangjun.wechat.test;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpGetUtils;
import com.ouyangjun.wechat.utils.HttpPostUtils;
public class TestHttp {
private final static String WECHAT_APPID=""; // appid,需申請微信公眾號才能拿到
private final static String WECHAT_APPSECRET=""; // appsecret,需申請微信公眾號才能拿到
public static void main(String[] args) {
// 獲取微信公眾號token
getWeChatToken();
// 修改使用者備註資訊
String token = "31_1uw5em_HrgkfXok6drZkDZLKsBfbNJr9WTdzdkc_Tdat-9tpOezWsNI6tBMkyPe_zDHjErIS1r0dgnTpT5bfKXcASShJVhPqumivRP21PvQe3Cbfztgs1IL2Jpy7kw3Y09bC1urlWzDA52mtEDGcADAVUX";
String openid = "oCh4n0-6JKQpJgBOPA5tytoYb0VY";
updateUserRemark(token,openid);
}
/**
* 根據appid和appsecret獲取微信token，返回json格式資料，需自行解析
* @return
*/
public static String getWeChatToken() {
String requestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid="+WECHAT_APPID+"&secret="+WECHAT_APPSECRET;
String token = HttpGetUtils.doGetNoParameters(requestURL,null,null);
System.out.println("wechat token: " + token);
return token;
}
/**
* 修改使用者備註，返回json格式資料，需自行解析
* @param token
* @param openid
* @return
*/
public static String updateUserRemark(String token,String openid) {
String reuqestURL = "https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info/updateremark?access_token="+token;
// 封裝json引數
String jsonParams = "{\"openid\":\""+openid+"\",\"remark\":\"oysept\"}";
String msg = HttpPostUtils.doPost(reuqestURL,jsonParams,null);
System.out.println("msg: " + msg);
return jsonParams;
}
}
補充知識：Java HttpURLConnection post set params 設定請求引數的三種方法 實踐總結
我就廢話不多說了，大家還是直接看程式碼吧~
/**
* the first way to set params
* OutputStream
*/
byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
// 傳送請求params引數
OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(bytesParams);
outStream.flush();
/**
* the second way to set params
* PrintWriter
*/
PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
// 傳送請求params引數
printWriter.write(paramsStr);
printWriter.flush();
/**
* the third way to set params
* OutputStreamWriter
*/
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8");
// 傳送請求params引數
out.write(paramsStr);
out.flush();
demo：
/**
* @param pathurl
* @param paramsStr
* @return
*/
private static String postUrlBackStr(String pathurl,String paramsStr) {
String backStr = "";
InputStream inputStream = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(pathurl);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
// 設定請求的方法為"POST"，預設是GET
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setConnectTimeout(50000);
connection.setReadTimeout(50000);
// User-Agent IE11 的標識
connection.setRequestProperty("User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0;rv:11.0)like Gecko");
connection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Language","zh-CN");
connection.setRequestProperty("Connection","Keep-Alive");
connection.setRequestProperty("Charset","UTF-8");
/**
* 當我們要獲取我們請求的http地址訪問的資料時就是使用connection.getInputStream().read()方式時我們就需要setDoInput(true)，
根據api文件我們可知doInput預設就是為true。我們可以不用手動設定了，如果不需要讀取輸入流的話那就setDoInput(false)。
當我們要採用非get請求給一個http網路地址傳參 就是使用connection.getOutputStream().write() 方法時我們就需要setDoOutput(true),預設是false
*/
// 設定是否從httpUrlConnection讀入，預設情況下是true;
connection.setDoInput(true);
// 設定是否向httpUrlConnection輸出，如果是post請求，引數要放在http正文內，因此需要設為true,預設是false;
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setUseCaches(false);
/**
* the first way to set params
* OutputStream
*/
/* byte[] bytesParams = paramsStr.getBytes();
// 傳送請求params引數
OutputStream outStream=connection.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(bytesParams);
outStream.flush();
*/
/**
* the second way to set params
* PrintWriter
*/
/* PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());
//PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8"));
// 傳送請求params引數
printWriter.write(paramsStr);
printWriter.flush();*/
/**
* the third way to set params
* OutputStreamWriter
*/
OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(
connection.getOutputStream(),"UTF-8");
// 傳送請求params引數
out.write(paramsStr);
out.flush();
connection.connect();//
int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
inputStream = connection.getInputStream();//會隱式呼叫connect()
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int readLen;
byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
while ((readLen = inputStream.read(bytes)) != -1) {
baos.write(bytes,readLen);
}
backStr = baos.toString();
Log.i(TAG,"backStr:" + backStr);
} else {
Log.e(TAG,"請求失敗 code:" + connection.getResponseCode());
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
try {
if (baos != null) {
baos.close();
}
if (inputStream != null) {
inputStream.close();
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return backStr;
}
以上這篇淺談Java HttpURLConnection請求方式就是小編分享給大家的全部內容了，希望能給大家一個參考，也希望大家多多支援我們。