springboot傳送郵件

概述

使用場景

1. 註冊驗證
2. 營銷推送
3. 觸發機制
4. 監控報警

郵件傳輸協議

1. SMTP協議：全稱為 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol，簡單郵件傳輸協議。它定義了郵件客戶端軟體和SMTP郵件伺服器之間，以及兩臺SMTP郵件伺服器之間的通訊規則。
2. POP3協議：全稱為 Post Office Protocol，郵局協議。它定義了郵件客戶端軟體和POP3郵件伺服器的通訊規則。
3. IMAP協議：全稱為 Internet Message Access Protocol,Internet訊息訪問協議，它是對POP3協議的一種擴充套件，也是定義了郵件客戶端軟體和IMAP郵件伺服器的通訊規則。

springboot傳送郵件

準備郵箱

開啟服務，新增授權密碼

引入依賴

pom.xml依賴spring-boot-starter-mail模組：

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
</dependency>

新增配置

spring:
	#郵件
  mail:
    host: smtp.163.com
    # 你的163郵箱
    username: 163傳送郵箱
    # 注意這裡不是郵箱密碼，而是SMTP授權密碼
    password: smtp授權碼
    port: 25
    protocol: smtp
    default-encoding: UTF-8
 

程式碼

服務類

@Slf4j
@Service
public class MailService {
    @Value("${spring.mail.username}")
    private String from;

    @Autowired
    private JavaMailSender mailSender;

    /**
     * 設定郵件附件名不被擷取,解決附件中文名亂碼問題
     */
    public MailService() {
        System.setProperty("mail.mime.splitlongparameters", "false");
    }

    /**
     * 簡單文字郵件
     *
     * @param to      接收者郵件
     * @param subject 郵件主題
     * @param contnet 郵件內容
     */
    public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String contnet) {

        SimpleMailMessage message = new SimpleMailMessage();
        message.setTo(to);
        message.setSubject(subject);
        message.setText(contnet);
        message.setFrom(from);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * HTML 文字郵件
     *
     * @param to      接收者郵件
     * @param subject 郵件主題
     * @param contnet HTML內容
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String contnet) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(contnet, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 附件郵件
     *
     * @param to       接收者郵件
     * @param subject  郵件主題
     * @param contnet  HTML內容
     * @param filePath 附件路徑
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String contnet,
                                    String filePath) throws MessagingException {
        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();

        MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
        helper.setTo(to);
        helper.setSubject(subject);
        helper.setText(contnet, true);
        helper.setFrom(from);

        FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
        String fileName = file.getFilename();
        helper.addAttachment(fileName, file);

        mailSender.send(message);
    }

    /**
     * 圖片郵件
     *
     * @param to      接收者郵件
     * @param subject 郵件主題
     * @param contnet HTML內容
     * @param rscPath 圖片路徑
     * @param rscId   圖片ID
     * @throws MessagingException
     */
    public void sendInlinkResourceMail(String to, String subject, String contnet,
                                       String rscPath, String rscId) {
        log.info("傳送靜態郵件開始: {},{},{},{},{}", to, subject, contnet, rscPath, rscId);

        MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
        MimeMessageHelper helper = null;

        try {

            helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
            helper.setTo(to);
            helper.setSubject(subject);
            helper.setText(contnet, true);
            helper.setFrom(from);

            FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
            helper.addInline(rscId, res);
            mailSender.send(message);
            log.info("傳送靜態郵件成功!");

        } catch (MessagingException e) {
            log.info("傳送靜態郵件失敗: ", e);
        }

    }

}
 

測試類

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = HealthApplication.class)
public class MailServiceTest {
    @Autowired
    private MailService mailService;
    private String toMail = "[email protected]";

    @Test
    public void sendSimpleMail() {
        mailService.sendSimpleMail(toMail,"測試spring boot imail-主題","測試spring boot imail - 內容");
    }

    @Test
    public void sendHtmlMail() throws MessagingException {

        String content = "<html>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "<h3>hello world</h3>\n" +
                "<h1>html</h1>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "</html>\n";

        mailService.sendHtmlMail(toMail,"這是一封HTML郵件",content);
    }

    @Test
    public void sendAttachmentsMail() throws MessagingException {
        String filePath = "/Users/liufq/Downloads/心電獲客排名2020-08-26 16_26_54.xlsx";
        String content = "<html>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "<h3>hello world</h3>\n" +
                "<h1>html</h1>\n" +
                "<h1>附件傳輸</h1>\n" +
                "<body>\n" +
                "</html>\n";
        mailService.sendAttachmentsMail(toMail,"這是一封HTML郵件",content, filePath);
    }

    @Test
    public void sendInlinkResourceMail() throws MessagingException {
        //TODO 改為本地圖片目錄
        String imgPath = "/ijiangtao/img/blob/dd9899b4cf95cbf074ddc4607007046c022564cb/blog/animal/dog/dog-at-work-with-computer-2.jpg?raw=true";
        String rscId = "admxj001";
        String content = "<html>" +
                "<body>" +
                "<h3>hello world</h3>" +
                "<h1>html</h1>" +
                "<h1>圖片郵件</h1>" +
                "<img src='cid:"+rscId+"'></img>" +
                "<body>" +
                "</html>";

        mailService.sendInlinkResourceMail(toMail,"這是一封圖片郵件",content, imgPath, rscId);
    }

}

部署

在生產環境，一般郵件服務會單獨部署，並通過HTTP或MQ等方式暴露出來。

問題

附件顯示名中文亂碼的解決

原因：編碼後的檔名長度如果大於60並且splitLongParameters的值為true，encodeParameters的值為true，檔名就會被擷取

service的構造中新增設定，或在主啟動類中新增設定

 public MailService() {
        System.setProperty("mail.mime.splitlongparameters", "false");
    }

550 User has no permission

傳送方郵箱為開啟smtp授權

參考資料

https://blog.csdn.net/sinat_26342009/article/details/89425836