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spring boot從零搭建後臺基礎服務架構,包你看了不後悔

目前大多專案是前後端分離。在後臺介面服務開發過程中,往往我們需要先搭建一個基礎服務,比如登入註冊功能、自動對所有的介面進行token的安全校驗等,這樣可以防範安全問題的出現。並且這樣後續的同事可以只關注業務程式碼的開發,不需要關心基礎架構服務的實現。

這次我準備搭建一個簡單的後臺服務,用的是spring boot + mysql + jjwt + mybatis

1、搭建Spring boot專案

首先我們使用IDEA自帶的初始化專案功能,建立一個Spring boot專案,如圖:

或者線上生成,點選進入

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId
>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> </parent> <groupId>com.zz</groupId> <artifactId>rest-api</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>
rest-api</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId> <artifactId>json-path</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigure</artifactId> <version>2.1.6.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-mongodb</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.google.code.gson</groupId> <artifactId>gson</artifactId> <version>2.8.5</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <!-- Use MySQL Connector-J --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- image to base64 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-io</groupId> <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId> <version>2.6</version> </dependency> <!-- jjwt支援 --> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.auth0</groupId> <artifactId>java-jwt</artifactId> <version>3.4.0</version> </dependency> <!--commons-codec --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-codec</groupId> <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.terran4j</groupId> <artifactId>terran4j-commons-api2doc</artifactId> <version>1.0.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.itextpdf.tool</groupId> <artifactId>xmlworker</artifactId> <version>5.5.10</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>3.15</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-scratchpad</artifactId> <version>3.15</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> 複製程式碼

maven更改為國內阿里雲映象,這樣比較快

settings.xml:

<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0
    https://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
    
    <mirrors>
        <mirror>
            <id>alimaven</id>
            <name>aliyun maven</name>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
            <mirrorOf>central</mirrorOf>
        </mirror>
    </mirrors>
</settings>


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Mybatis 推薦外掛如下:

application.yml

# mysql
spring:
  jpa:
    show-sql: true
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update
  servlet:
    multipart:
      max-file-size: 10MB
      max-request-size: 10MB
  profiles:
    active: dev
  # 靜態資源配置
  mvc:
    static-path-pattern: /**
  resources:
    static-locations: file:/Users/wz/projects/blog/uploadFile/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/file/,classpath:/templates/

mybatis-plus:
  mapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: com.zz.entity
#自定義
my:
  tokenURL: "55555"
  authURL: "88888"

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application-dev.yml

# mysql
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull&useSSL=true&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
    username: root
    password: ******
server:
  port: 8080

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大概目錄結構如下

搭建細節不再贅述;

2、讀取自定義配置檔案

com.zz.config.MyConfiguration

package com.zz.config;

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "my")
public class MyConfiguration {

    private String tokenURL;

    private String authURL;

    public String getAuthURL() {
        return this.authURL;
    }

    public void setAuthURL(String authURL) {
        this.authURL = authURL;
    }

    public String getTokenURL() {
        return this.tokenURL;
    }

    public void setTokenURL(String tokenURL) {
        this.tokenURL = tokenURL;
    }
}

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3、web服務配置

com.zz.config.MyConfiguration

package com.zz.config;

import com.zz.common.interceptor.AuthenticationInterceptor;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;


@Configuration
public class WebConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
    
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
        // 攔截所有請求,通過判斷是否有 @passToken 註解 決定是否需要跳過登入
        registry.addInterceptor(authenticationInterceptor())
                .addPathPatterns("/**");
    }
    
    @Bean
    public AuthenticationInterceptor authenticationInterceptor() {
        return new AuthenticationInterceptor();
    }
    
}

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4、自定義返回統一的實體類Response

com.zz.model.Response

package com.zz.model;


public class Response {

    private int code;
    private String msg;
    private Object data;
    
    public Object getData() {
        return data;
    }
    
    public void setData(Object data) {
        this.data = data;
    }
    
    public int getCode() {
        return code;
    }
    
    public void setCode(int code) {
        this.code = code;
    }
    
    public String getMsg() {
        return msg;
    }
    
    public void setMsg(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }
}

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5、Utils公共方法類

com.zz.utils.HttpUtils

獲取Request、 Response、session

package com.zz.utils;

import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

/**
 * 獲取 Request 和 Response
 */
public class HttpUtils {
    
    // 獲取 request
    public static HttpServletRequest getRequest() {
        ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        if (requestAttributes == null) return null;
        return requestAttributes.getRequest();
    }
    
    // 獲取 response
    public static HttpServletResponse getResponse() {
        ServletRequestAttributes requestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes)RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        if (requestAttributes == null) return null;
        return requestAttributes.getResponse();
    }
    
    // 獲取 session
    public static HttpSession getSession(){
        HttpServletRequest request = getRequest();
        if(request == null) return null;
        return request.getSession();
    }
}

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com.zz.utils.JWTUtils

JWT 生成token,驗證token

package com.zz.utils;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import io.jsonwebtoken.*;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.UUID;

public class JWTUtils {
    
    // 生成簽名的時候使用的祕鑰secret
    private static final String SECRETKEY = "KJHUhjjJYgYUllVbXhKDHXhkSyHjlNiVkYzWTBac1Yxkjhuad";
    
    // expirationDate 生成jwt的有效期,單位秒
    private static long expirationDate = 2 * 60 * 60;
    
    
    /**
     * 由字串生成加密key
     *
     * @return SecretKey
     */
    private static SecretKey generalKey(String stringKey) {
        byte[] encodedKey = Base64.decodeBase64(stringKey);
        return new SecretKeySpec(encodedKey,0,encodedKey.length,"AES");
    }
    
    /**
     * 建立 jwt
     *
     * @param user 登入成功後的使用者資訊
     * @return jwt token
     */
    public static String createToken(User user) {
        
        // 指定簽名的時候使用的簽名演演算法,也就是header那部分,jwt已經將這部分內容封裝好了
        SignatureAlgorithm signatureAlgorithm = SignatureAlgorithm.HS256;
        
        // 生成JWT的時間
        long nowMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
        Date now = new Date(nowMillis);
        
        // 建立payload的私有宣告(根據特定的業務需要新增,如果要拿這個做驗證,一般是需要和jwt的接收方提前溝通好驗證方式的)
        Map<String,Object> claims = new HashMap<>();
        claims.put("userId",user.getUserId());
        claims.put("userName",user.getUserName());
        claims.put("password",user.getPassword());
        
        // 生成簽名的時候使用的祕鑰secret,這個方法本地封裝了的,一般可以從本地配置檔案中讀取,切記這個祕鑰不能外露哦。它就是你服務端的私鑰,在任何場景都不應該流露出去。一旦客戶端得知這個secret,那就意味著客戶端是可以自我簽發jwt了
        SecretKey key = generalKey(SECRETKEY + user.getPassword());
        
        // 生成簽發人
        // json形式字串或字串,增加使用者非敏感資訊儲存,如使用者id或使用者賬號,與token解析後進行對比,防止亂用
        HashMap<String,Object> storeInfo = new HashMap<String,Object>();
        storeInfo.put("userId",user.getUserId());
        storeInfo.put("userName",user.getUserName());
        String subject = storeInfo.toString();
        
        // 下面就是在為payload新增各種標準宣告和私有宣告瞭
        // 這裡其實就是new一個JwtBuilder,設定jwt的body
        JwtBuilder builder = Jwts.builder()
                // 如果有私有宣告,一定要先設定這個自己建立的私有的宣告,這個是給builder的claim賦值,一旦寫在標準的宣告賦值之後,就是覆蓋了那些標準的宣告的
                .setClaims(claims)
                // 唯一隨機UUID
                // 設定JWT ID:是JWT的唯一標識,根據業務需要,這個可以設定為一個不重複的值,主要用來作為一次性token,從而回避重放攻擊
                .setId(UUID.randomUUID().toString())
                // jwt的簽發時間
                .setIssuedAt(now)
                // 代表這個JWT的主體,即它的所有人,這個是一個json格式的字串,可以存放什麼userid,roldid之類的,作為什麼使用者的唯一標誌
                .setSubject(subject)
                // 設定簽名使用的簽名演演算法和簽名使用的祕鑰
                .signWith(signatureAlgorithm,key);
        
        if (expirationDate >= 0) {
            long expMillis = nowMillis + expirationDate * 1000;
            Date exp = new Date(expMillis);
            builder.setExpiration(exp);
        }
        return builder.compact();
    }
    
    /**
     * 解密token,獲取宣告的實體
     *
     * @param token 加密後的token
     * @return claims
     */
    public static Claims parseToken(String token,User user) {
        // 簽名祕鑰,和生成的簽名的祕鑰要保持一模一樣
        SecretKey key = generalKey(SECRETKEY + user.getPassword());
        
        // 獲取私有宣告
        Claims claims = Jwts.parser()
                // 設定簽名的祕鑰
                .setSigningKey(key)
                // 設定需要解析的token
                .parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
        
        return claims;
    }
    
    
    /**
     * 校驗token
     *
     * @param token 加密後的token
     * @param user  使用者資訊
     * @return true|false
     */
    public static Boolean verify(String token,User user) {
        
        // 獲取私有宣告的實體
        Claims claims = parseToken(token,user);
        
        return claims.get("password").equals(user.getPassword());
    }      
}
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6、查詢實體類 query

所有的服務查詢都採用統一的各自的實體類

比如:

com.zz.query.UserQuery

使用者查詢實體

package com.zz.query;

public class UserQuery {
    
    private String userName;
    
    private String password;
    
    private long userId;
    
    private boolean showPassword;
    
    public boolean isShowPassword() {
        return showPassword;
    }
    
    public void setShowPassword(boolean showPassword) {
        this.showPassword = showPassword;
    }
    
    public long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }
    
    public void setUserId(long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }
    
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
}

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7、查詢後返回實體類

所有的服務查詢返回都採用統一的各自的實體類

比如:

com.zz.entity.User

使用者資料返回實體

package com.zz.entity;

public class User {
    
    private long userId;
    
    private String userName;
    
    private String token;
    
    private String password;
    
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    
    public String getToken() {
        return token;
    }
    
    public void setToken(String token) {
        this.token = token;
    }
    
    public long getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }
    
    public void setUserId(long userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }
    
    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }
    
    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }
    
}

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8 、介面實現三層架構

我們這採取的是三層架構:controller —> service —> mapper;

如果我們要寫一個User類介面,先宣告一個UserController路由控制層,然後這個裡呼叫UserService實現類方法,然後再呼叫mapper持久層去CRUD(mysql增查刪改)。

9、開始搭建註冊使用者功能

基礎搭建先暫停,開始實質業務的推演;

mysql的連線就不多說啦;

讓我們開始實現之旅吧;

com.zz.newController.UserController

使用者註冊

package com.zz.newController;

import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
import com.auth0.jwt.interfaces.DecodedJWT;
import com.zz.common.annotation.PassToken;
import com.zz.common.base.BaseApplicationController;
import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.model.Response;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;
import com.zz.service.UserService;
import com.zz.utils.JWTUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Map;


/**
 * 登入
 * author: wz
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    /*
     * @param userName
     * @param password
     * @return response
     */
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @PassToken
    public Response addUser(@RequestParam String userName,@RequestParam String password,Response response) {
        UserQuery query = new UserQuery();
        User userData = null;
        
        query.setUserName(userName);
        query.setPassword(password);
        
        int result;
        String message = "";
        
        // 判斷使用者是否已經存在
        UserQuery findUserQuery = new UserQuery();
        findUserQuery.setUserName(userName);
        User existUser = this.userService.findUserByName(findUserQuery);
        if (existUser == null) {
            
            // 插入使用者
            try {
                result = this.userService.addUser(query);
                message = "success";
            } catch (Exception e) {
                result = 0;
                message = "error";
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            
            // 插入使用者成功後返回使用者資訊
            if (result == 1) {
                userData = this.userService.findUserByName(findUserQuery);
                
                // 生成token
                String token = null;
                
                // 當前使用者
                User currentUser = new User();
                if (userData != null) {
                    currentUser.setUserId(userData.getUserId());
                    currentUser.setUserName(userData.getUserName());
                    currentUser.setPassword(password);
                    token = JWTUtils.createToken(currentUser);
                }
                
                if (token != null) {
                    userData.setToken(token);
                    
                    // 獲取token使用者資訊
                    // Claims userDataFromToken = JWTUtils.parseToken(token,currentUser);
                }
            }
            
        } else {
            message = "使用者已經存在";
        }
        
        response.setData(userData);
        response.setMsg(message);
        return response;
    }
    
}

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com.zz.service.UserService

Interface 使用者介面

package com.zz.service;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public interface UserService {
    
    // 新增使用者
    int addUser(UserQuery query);
    
    
}

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com.zz.service.impl.UserServiceImpl

使用者介面實現類

package com.zz.service.impl;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;
import com.zz.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    
    @Override
    public int addUser(UserQuery query){
        return this.userMapper.insert(query);
    }
    
}

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com.zz.mapper.UserMapper

mapper

package com.zz.mapper;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserMapper {
    
    int insert(UserQuery query);
    
}

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resources/mapper/UserMapper.xml

前後名字一定對應

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.zz.mapper.UserMapper">

    <resultMap id="BaseResult" type="com.zz.entity.User">
        <id column="user_id" property="userId"></id>
        <id column="user_name" property="userName"></id>
    </resultMap>

    <sql id="base">
        user_id,user_name
        <if test="showPassword">,password
        </if>
    </sql>

    <sql id="base_condition">
        <where>
            <if test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
                user_name=#{userName}
            </if>
            <if test="password!=null and password!=''">
                and password=#{password}
            </if>
        </where>

    </sql>

    <insert id="insert">
        INSERT INTO user(
        user_name,password
        ) VALUES (
        #{userName},#{password}
        )
    </insert>


</mapper>

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到此,整個介面書寫過程已全部完成,這就是在當前架構下寫一個介面的全部過程。

10、搭建web例項 ——註冊使用者

由於我們在配置檔案裡已經配置靜態資源的路徑,所以我們可以在resources裡面寫一個不分離的we b例項進行訪問。

resources/static/regist.html

註冊頁面

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,user-scalable=0">
    <title>註冊使用者</title>
    <!-- 引入樣式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/regist.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/libs/weui/2.1.3/weui.min.css">
    
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="page form_page js_show">
        <div class="weui-form">
            <div class="weui-form__text-area">
                <h2 class="weui-form__title">註冊新使用者</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="weui-form__control-area">
                <div class="weui-cells__group weui-cells__group_form">
                    <div class="weui-cells weui-cells_form">
                        <div class="weui-cell">
                            <div class="weui-cell__hd"><label class="weui-label">使用者名稱</label></div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <input id="js_input——user" class="weui-input" placeholder="請輸入要設定的使用者名稱">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="weui-cell">
                            <div class="weui-cell__hd"><label class="weui-label">密碼</label></div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <input id="js_input——pwd" type="password" class="weui-input" placeholder="請輸入要設定的密碼">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="weui-cell">
                            <div class="weui-cell__hd"><label class="weui-label">確認密碼</label></div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <input id="js_input——pwd2" type="password" class="weui-input" placeholder="請再次輸入設定的密碼" type="number" pattern="[0-9]*">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
<!--            <div class="weui-form__tips-area">-->
<!--                <p class="weui-form__tips">-->
<!--                    表單頁提示,居中對齊-->
<!--                </p>-->
<!--            </div>-->
            <div class="weui-form__opr-area">
                <a class="weui-btn weui-btn_primary" href="javascript:" id="submit">確定</a>
            </div>

            <div class="weui-form__extra-area">
                <div class="weui-footer">
<!--                    <p class="weui-footer__links">-->
<!--                        <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="weui-footer__link">底部連結文字</a>-->
<!--                    </p>-->
                    <p class="weui-footer__text">Copyright © 2019 alex wong</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="js_toast" style="display: none;">
            <div class="weui-mask_transparent"></div>
            <div class="weui-toast">
                <i class="weui-icon-success-no-circle weui-icon_toast"></i>
                <p class="weui-toast__content">已完成</p>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="js/md5.js"></script>
<script src="js/utils.js"></script>
<script src="js/dataService.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/libs/weuijs/1.2.1/weui.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/regist.js"></script>
</html>
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static/js/dataService.js

const APIURL = '/';

window.dataService = {

	//GET
	get: (url,params = {}) => {

		const searchArr = [];

		Object.keys(params).forEach(n => {
			searchArr.push(`${n}=${params[n]}`);
		});

		const searchStr = searchArr.length ? '?' + searchArr.join('&') : '';
		const token = utils.getCookie('token');

		return fetch(APIURL + url + searchStr,{
			method: 'GET',headers: {
				token
			}
		}).then(res => res.json());
	},//POST
	post: (url,params = {}) => {

		const formData = new FormData();

		Object.keys(params).forEach(n => {
			formData.append(n,params[n]);
		});

		const token = utils.getCookie('token');

		return fetch(APIURL + url,{
			method: 'POST',headers: {
				token
			},body: formData
		}).then(res => res.json());
	},// 註冊
	addUser(params) {
		return this.post('user/add',params);
	},// 登入
	login(params) {
		return this.post('user/login',// 使用者資訊
	getUserInfo(params) {
		return this.get('user/info',};
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static/js/utils.js

window.utils = {

	// md5
	generateMd5(userName,password) {
		const salt = "1qaz2wsx3edc4rfv5tgb6yhn7ujm8ik9ol0p@!.";
		const asciStr = userName + salt + password;
		const asciArr = asciStr.split('');
		const asciResult = [];
		asciArr.forEach(n => {
			asciResult.push(n.charCodeAt());
		});
		const ascireusltStr = asciResult.join(salt);
		return hex_md5(ascireusltStr);
	},// setCookie
	setCookie(name,value) {
		var time = 2 * 60 * 60 * 1000;
		var exp = new Date();
		exp.setTime(exp.getTime() + time);
		document.cookie = name + "=" + escape(value) + ";expires=" + exp.toGMTString();
	},// getCookie
	getCookie(name) {
		var arr,reg = new RegExp("(^| )" + name + "=([^;]*)(;|$)");
		if (arr = document.cookie.match(reg))
			return unescape(arr[2]);
		else
			return null;
	}

};
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static/js/regist.js

// 獲取相關使用者資訊
const userNameInput = document.getElementById("js_input——user");
const passwordInput = document.getElementById("js_input——pwd");
const passwordConfirmInput = document.getElementById("js_input——pwd2");
const submitBtn = document.getElementById("submit");

// submit
submitBtn.onclick = () => {

	const userName = userNameInput.value;
	const password = passwordInput.value;
	const confirmPassword = passwordConfirmInput.value;

	// verify
	if (!userName) {
		weui.topTips('使用者姓名不能為空');
		return;
	} else if (!password) {
		weui.topTips('使用者密碼不能為空');
		return;
	} else if (confirmPassword !== password) {
		weui.topTips('前後密碼不一致,請重試');
		return;
	}

	// 加密密碼
	const newPassword = utils.generateMd5(userName,password);

	// 註冊
	dataService.addUser({
		userName,password: newPassword,}).then(res => {
		const {code,data,msg} = res;
		if (!data) {
			weui.topTips(msg);
		} else {
			weui.topTips(`註冊成功,歡迎 ${data.userName}`);
			window.location.href = location.origin + '/login.html';
		}
	})
};
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效果如圖:

增加一些基本的校驗

使用者密碼加密傳輸,並驗證新使用者是否已經註冊

mysql 檢視下使用者表

11、後端-使用者登入功能

按上面第9步驟所述,下面的新增內容,請直接新增到上述服務中,不再全部展示程式碼。

com.zz.newController.UserController

首先要判斷使用者是否存在,如果存在,返回基本資訊並返回使用者憑證token

/**
     * 登入
     *
     * @param userName 使用者名稱
     * @param password 密碼
     * @return {}
     */
    @PostMapping("/login")
    @PassToken
    public Response login(@RequestParam String userName,Response response) {
        
        UserQuery query = new UserQuery();
        query.setUserName(userName);
        query.setPassword(password);
        
        // 驗證使用者和密碼
        try {
            // 判斷使用者是否已經存在
            User existUser = this.userService.findUserByName(query);
            
            // 生成token
            String token = null;
            
            // 當前使用者
            User currentUser = new User();
            if (existUser != null) {
                currentUser.setUserId(existUser.getUserId());
                currentUser.setUserName(existUser.getUserName());
                currentUser.setPassword(password);
               // 生成使用者憑證
                token = JWTUtils.createToken(currentUser);
                if (token != null) {
                    existUser.setToken(token);
                }
                response.setMsg("success");
                response.setData(existUser);
            } else {
                // 登入失敗
                response.setMsg("登入失敗,請檢查使用者名稱和密碼");
                response.setData(null);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            response.setMsg("login failed");
            response.setData(null);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return response;
    }
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com.zz.service.UserService

package com.zz.service;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

public interface UserService {
    
    // 新增使用者
    int addUser(UserQuery query);
    
    //查詢單個使用者
    User findUserById(UserQuery query);
    
    User findUserByName(UserQuery query);
    
}

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com.zz.service.impl.UserServiceImpl

package com.zz.service.impl;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;
import com.zz.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    
    @Override
    public int addUser(UserQuery query){
        return this.userMapper.insert(query);
    }
    
    @Override
    public User findUserById(UserQuery query) {
        return this.userMapper.findUserById(query);
    }
    
    @Override
    public User findUserByName(UserQuery query) {
        return this.userMapper.findUserByName(query);
    }
    
    @Override
    public List<User> findAllUser(UserQuery query) {
        return this.userMapper.findAllUser(query);
    }
}

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com.zz.mapper.UserMapper

package com.zz.mapper;

import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;

import java.util.List;

public interface UserMapper {
    
    int insert(UserQuery query);
    
    User findUserById(UserQuery query);
    
    User findUserByName(UserQuery query);
    
    List<User> findAllUser(UserQuery query);
    
}

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mapper/UserMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.zz.mapper.UserMapper">

    <resultMap id="BaseResult" type="com.zz.entity.User">
        <id column="user_id" property="userId"></id>
        <id column="user_name" property="userName"></id>
    </resultMap>

    <sql id="base">
        user_id,user_name
        <if test="showPassword">,password
        </if>
    </sql>

    <sql id="base_condition">
        <where>
            <if test="userName!=null and userName!=''">
                user_name=#{userName}
            </if>
            <if test="password!=null and password!=''">
                and password=#{password}
            </if>
        </where>

    </sql>

    <!-- 查詢所有user -->
    <select id="findAllUser" resultMap="BaseResult">
        select
        <include refid="base"/>
        from user
    </select>

    <!-- 查詢user -->
    <select id="findUserById" resultMap="BaseResult">
        select
        <include refid="base"/>
        from user
        where
        user_id = #{userId}
    </select>

    <select id="findUserByName" resultMap="BaseResult">
        select
        <include refid="base"/>
        from user
        <include refid="base_condition"/>
    </select>

    <insert id="insert">
        INSERT INTO user(
        user_name,#{password}
        )
    </insert>


</mapper>

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12、搭建web例項 ——登入使用者

static/login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,user-scalable=0">
    <title>login</title>
    <!-- 引入樣式 -->
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/regist.css"/>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/libs/weui/2.1.3/weui.min.css">
    
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
    <div class="page form_page js_show">
        <div class="weui-form">
            <div class="weui-form__text-area">
                <h2 class="weui-form__title">登入</h2>
            </div>
            <div class="weui-form__control-area">
                <div class="weui-cells__group weui-cells__group_form">
                    <div class="weui-cells weui-cells_form">
                        <div class="weui-cell">
                            <div class="weui-cell__hd"><label class="weui-label">使用者名稱</label></div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <input id="js_input——user" class="weui-input" placeholder="請輸入使用者名稱">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="weui-cell">
                            <div class="weui-cell__hd"><label class="weui-label">密碼</label></div>
                            <div class="weui-cell__bd">
                                <input id="js_input——pwd" type="password" class="weui-input" placeholder="請輸入密碼">
                            </div>
                        </div>
                        
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
<!--            <div class="weui-form__tips-area">-->
<!--                <p class="weui-form__tips">-->
<!--                    表單頁提示,居中對齊-->
<!--                </p>-->
<!--            </div>-->
            <div class="weui-form__opr-area">
                <a class="weui-btn weui-btn_primary" href="javascript:" id="submit">確定</a>
            </div>

            <div class="weui-form__extra-area">
                <div class="weui-footer">
<!--                    <p class="weui-footer__links">-->
<!--                        <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="weui-footer__link">底部連結文字</a>-->
<!--                    </p>-->
                    <p class="weui-footer__text">Copyright © 2019 alex wong</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
        <div id="js_toast" style="display: none;">
            <div class="weui-mask_transparent"></div>
            <div class="weui-toast">
                <i class="weui-icon-success-no-circle weui-icon_toast"></i>
                <p class="weui-toast__content">已完成</p>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="js/md5.js"></script>
<script src="js/utils.js"></script>
<script src="js/dataService.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://res.wx.qq.com/open/libs/weuijs/1.2.1/weui.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/login.js"></script>
</html>
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static/js/login.js

// 獲取相關使用者資訊
const userNameInput = document.getElementById("js_input——user");
const passwordInput = document.getElementById("js_input——pwd");
const submitBtn = document.getElementById("submit");

// submit
submitBtn.onclick = () => {

	const userName = userNameInput.value;
	const password = passwordInput.value;

	// verify
	if (!userName) {
		weui.topTips('使用者姓名不能為空');
		return;
	} else if (!password) {
		weui.topTips('使用者密碼不能為空');
		return;
	}

	// 加密密碼
	const newPassword = utils.generateMd5(userName,password);

	// 註冊
	dataService.login({
		userName,msg} = res;
		if (!data) {
			weui.topTips(msg);
		} else {
			weui.topTips(`登入成功,歡迎 ${data.userName}`);
			utils.setCookie('token',data.token);
			location.href = location.origin + '/home.html';
		}
	})
};
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登入介面返回使用者憑證token,後續用來校驗使用者介面,增加安全性。

13、增加自定義註解和攔截器

在常規的業務開發中,切記不可把介面服務暴露給任何人都可以訪問,不然別人可以任意檢視或者修改你的資料,這是很嚴重的事情。除了常規從網段IP方面限制固定客戶端IP的範圍,介面本身也要增加安全驗證,這個時候我們就需要用到之前生成的使用者憑證token;

問題是我們如果自定義控制,哪些介面是需要經過驗證,哪些介面是不需要通過驗證的呢?有人可能會說,直接全部驗證不就可以了,何苦糾結。但是在真實的業務中,有些介面是不能強制校驗的,比如一些使用者分享到微信的那種介面,是不能增加驗證,否則分享的頁面無法正常顯示。

所以我們可以自定義註解@PassToken,新增這個註解的介面,就可以不用進行token驗證了。

com.zz.common.annotation.PassToken

PassToken 註解

package com.zz.common.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

// 是否跳過token驗證
@Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
public @interface PassToken {
    boolean required() default true;
}

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新增攔截器

com.zz.common.interceptor.AuthenticationInterceptor

在傳送請求的時候,在請求頭裡面加token,然後驗證的時候token從頭部獲取

如果沒有token,進行無token提示;

如果存在,就用 JWT 校驗 token 是否存在,並且校驗使用者密碼是否正確。

package com.zz.common.interceptor;

import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
import com.auth0.jwt.exceptions.JWTDecodeException;
import com.mongodb.util.JSON;
import com.zz.common.annotation.PassToken;
import com.zz.common.base.BaseApplicationController;
import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.model.Response;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;
import com.zz.service.UserService;
import com.zz.utils.JWTUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.configurationprocessor.json.JSONException;
import org.springframework.boot.configurationprocessor.json.JSONObject;
import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

// 攔截器
public class AuthenticationInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    /**
     * response返回資訊
     *
     * @param code
     * @param message
     * @return
     * @throws JSONException
     */
    public JSONObject getJsonObject(int code,String message) throws JSONException {
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        jsonObject.put("msg",message);
        jsonObject.put("code",code);
        return jsonObject;
    }
    
    @Override
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse,Object object) throws Exception {
        
        // 從 http 請求頭中取出 token
        String token = BaseApplicationController.getToken();
        // 如果不是對映到方法直接通過
        if (!(object instanceof HandlerMethod)) {
            return true;
        }
        
        HandlerMethod handlerMethod = (HandlerMethod) object;
        Method method = handlerMethod.getMethod();
        //檢查是否有PassToken註釋,有則跳過認證
        if (method.isAnnotationPresent(PassToken.class)) {
            PassToken passToken = method.getAnnotation(PassToken.class);
            if (passToken.required()) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        
        // 預設執行認證
        httpServletResponse.setContentType("application/json;charset=UTF-8");
        if (token == null || token.equals("null")) {
            JSONObject jsonObject = getJsonObject(403,"無token,請重新登入");
            httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());
            return false;
            // throw new RuntimeException("無token,請重新登入");
        }
        
        // 獲取 token 中的 user id
        long userId;
        try {
            userId = BaseApplicationController.getCurrentUserId();
        } catch (JWTDecodeException j) {
            JSONObject jsonObject = getJsonObject(500,"訪問異常,token不正確,請重新登入");
            httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());
            return false;
            // throw new RuntimeException("訪問異常!");
        }
        
        // 驗證使用者是否存在
        UserQuery query = new UserQuery();
        query.setUserId(userId);
        query.setShowPassword(Boolean.TRUE);
        User user = userService.findUserById(query);
        
        if (user == null) {
            JSONObject jsonObject = getJsonObject(500,"使用者不存在,請重新登入");
            httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());
            return false;
            // throw new RuntimeException("使用者不存在,請重新登入");
        }
        
        // 驗證token是否有效
        Boolean verify = JWTUtils.verify(token,user);
        if (!verify) {
            JSONObject jsonObject = getJsonObject(500,"非法訪問,請重新登入");
            httpServletResponse.getWriter().write(jsonObject.toString());
            return false;
            // throw new RuntimeException("非法訪問!");
        }
        
        return true;
    }
}

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下面讓我們例項看下效果:

com.zz.newController.UserController

package com.zz.newController;

import com.auth0.jwt.JWT;
import com.auth0.jwt.interfaces.DecodedJWT;
import com.zz.common.annotation.PassToken;
import com.zz.common.base.BaseApplicationController;
import com.zz.entity.User;
import com.zz.model.Response;
import com.zz.query.UserQuery;
import com.zz.service.UserService;
import com.zz.utils.JWTUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;

import java.util.Map;


/**
 * 登入
 * autho: alex wong
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;
    
    /*
     * @param userName
     * @param password
     * @return response
     */
    @PostMapping("/add")
    @PassToken
    public Response addUser(@RequestParam String userName,currentUser);
                }
            }
            
        } else {
            message = "使用者已經存在";
        }
        
        response.setData(userData);
        response.setMsg(message);
        return response;
    }
    
    /**
     * 登入
     *
     * @param userName 使用者名稱
     * @param password 密碼
     * @return {}
     */
    @PostMapping("/login")
    @PassToken
    public Response login(@RequestParam String userName,Response response) {
        
        UserQuery query = new UserQuery();
        query.setUserName(userName);
        query.setPassword(password);
        
        // 驗證使用者和密碼
        try {
            // 判斷使用者是否已經存在
            User existUser = this.userService.findUserByName(query);
            
            // 生成token
            String token = null;
            
            // 當前使用者
            User currentUser = new User();
            if (existUser != null) {
                currentUser.setUserId(existUser.getUserId());
                currentUser.setUserName(existUser.getUserName());
                currentUser.setPassword(password);
                token = JWTUtils.createToken(currentUser);
                if (token != null) {
                    existUser.setToken(token);
                }
                response.setMsg("success");
                response.setData(existUser);
            } else {
                // 登入失敗
                response.setMsg("登入失敗,請檢查使用者名稱和密碼");
                response.setData(null);
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            response.setMsg("login failed");
            response.setData(null);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return response;
    }
    
    /**
     * 獲取個人資訊
     *
     * @return {}
     */
    @GetMapping("/info")
    public Response getUserInfo(Response response) {
        // 獲取token
        String token = BaseApplicationController.getToken();
        User userData2 = BaseApplicationController.getCurrentUser();
        Map<String,Object> headerData = BaseApplicationController.getHeader();
        if (token != null && !token.equals("null")) {
            User userData = new User();
            DecodedJWT claims = JWT.decode(token);
            userData.setUserName(claims.getClaim("userName").asString());
            userData.setUserId(claims.getClaim("userId").asLong());
            response.setData(userData);
            response.setMsg("success");
        } else {
            response.setMsg("token不存在");
        }
        return response;
    }
    
}

複製程式碼

我們新寫了一個介面,獲取使用者資訊,如上,其餘程式碼不再贅述;

成功獲取使用者資訊

刪除token

Token 故意改錯

到此,驗證過程完美成功;

14、總結

以上過程,只是一個簡單服務的搭建,真實的服務還需要更多配置,比如XSS配置防止XSS攻擊,多源資料等。好了,本篇文章到此為止,如果有哪裡描述得不清楚,請多多包涵。