BLE常用標準UUID及如何生產自定義UUID

阿新 • • 發佈：2020-09-11

What is UUID？

“GATT層”中定義的所有屬性都有一個UUID值，UUID是全球唯一的128位的號碼，它用來識別不同的特性。

1. BTSIG UUID

藍芽核心規範制定了兩種不同的UUID，一種是基本的UUID，一種是代替基本UUID的16位UUID。所有的藍芽技術聯盟定義UUID共用了一個基本的UUID：
0x0000xxxx-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB

為了進一步簡化基本UUID，每一個藍芽技術聯盟定義的屬性有一個唯一的16位UUID，以代替上面的基本UUID的‘x’部分。例如，心率測量特性使用0X2A37作為它的16位UUID，因此它完整的128位UUID為：

0x00002A37-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB

雖然藍芽技術聯盟使用相同的基本UUID，但是16位的UUID足夠唯一地識別藍芽技術聯盟所定義的各種屬性。

藍芽技術聯盟所用的基本UUID不能用於任何定製的屬性、服務和特性。對於定製的屬性，必須使用另外完整的128位UUID。

2. Custom UUID

SoftDevice 根據藍芽技術聯盟定義UUID類似的方式定義UUID：先增加一個特定的基本UUID，再定義一個16位的UUID（類似於一個別名），再載入在基本UUID之上。這種採用為所有的定製屬性定義一個共用的基本UUID的方式使得應用變為更加簡單，至少在同一服務中更是如此。

使用軟體nRFgo Studio非常容易產生一個新的基本UUID：

例如，在LED BUTTON示例中，採用0x0000xxxx-1212-EFDE-1523-785FEABCD123作為基本UUID。

藍芽核心規範沒有任何規則或是建議如何對加入基本UUID的16位UUID進行分配，因此你可以按照你的意圖來任意分配。

例如，在LED BUTTON示例中，0x1523作為服務的UUID，0x1524作為LED特性的UUID，0x1525作為按鍵狀態特性的UUID
How to find the common UUID？
在BLE開發中，經常會用到BLE GATT UUIDS的查詢，包含Service、Characteristic、Descriptor。這裡整理了一些Bluetooth SIG定義的標準UUID。以便查詢使用，以anndroid為例，見static content：

另外，也可以從官網直接查詢，下面是Declarations 及Service、Characteristic、Descriptor的links：

https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/gatt/declarations/

https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/gatt/services/

https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/gatt/characteristics/

https://www.bluetooth.com/specifications/gatt/descriptors/

藍芽低功耗BLE開發，無論是MCU端還是Android等APP端，都會涉及到一堆的UUID，對應著BLE協議棧GATT的Service、Characteristic、Descriptor。

開發者可以自定義這些128位的UUID，Bluetooth SIG也已定義了許多標準的。例如：Heart Rate Profile，就定義了UUID和資料格式，只要能相容，就可以讓你的BLE裝置能被各類符合標準的APP所獲取心率資料。

下面列出了收集整理的常用UUID（以Android Java格式），以便查詢使用：

private static HashMap<String, String> attributes = new HashMap();
    static {
        // Sample Services.
        attributes.put("0000180d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Heart Rate Service");
        attributes.put("0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Device Information Service");
        // Sample Characteristics.
        attributes.put("00002a37-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Heart Rate Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a29-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Manufacturer Name String");

        // GATT Services
        attributes.put("00001800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Generic Access");
        attributes.put("00001801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Generic Attribute");


        // GATT Declarations
        attributes.put("00002800-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Primary Service");
        attributes.put("00002801-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Secondary Service");
        attributes.put("00002802-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Include");
        attributes.put("00002803-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Characteristic");

        // GATT Descriptors
        attributes.put("00002900-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Characteristic Extended Properties");
        attributes.put("00002901-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Characteristic User Description");
        attributes.put("00002902-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Client Characteristic Configuration");
        attributes.put("00002903-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Server Characteristic Configuration");
        attributes.put("00002904-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Characteristic Presentation Format");
        attributes.put("00002905-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Characteristic Aggregate Format");
        attributes.put("00002906-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Valid Range");
        attributes.put("00002907-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "External Report Reference Descriptor");
        attributes.put("00002908-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Report Reference Descriptor");

        // GATT Characteristics
        attributes.put("00002a00-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Device Name");
        attributes.put("00002a01-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Appearance");
        attributes.put("00002a02-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Peripheral Privacy Flag");
        attributes.put("00002a03-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Reconnection Address");
        attributes.put("00002a04-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "PPCP");
        attributes.put("00002a05-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Service Changed");

        // GATT Service UUIDs
        attributes.put("00001802-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Immediate Alert");
        attributes.put("00001803-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Link Loss");
        attributes.put("00001804-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Tx Power");
        attributes.put("00001805-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Current Time Service");
        attributes.put("00001806-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Reference Time Update Service");
        attributes.put("00001807-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Next DST Change Service");
        attributes.put("00001808-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Glucose");
        attributes.put("00001809-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Health Thermometer");
        attributes.put("0000180a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Device Information");
        attributes.put("0000180b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Network Availability");
        attributes.put("0000180d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Heart Rate");
        attributes.put("0000180e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Phone Alert Status Service");
        attributes.put("0000180f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Battery Service");
        attributes.put("00001810-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Blood Pressure");
        attributes.put("00001811-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Alert Notification Service");
        attributes.put("00001812-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Human Interface Device");
        attributes.put("00001813-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Scan Parameters");
        attributes.put("00001814-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Running Speed and Cadence");
        attributes.put("00001816-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Cycling Speed and Cadence");
        attributes.put("00001818-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Cycling Power");
        attributes.put("00001819-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Location and Navigation");

        // GATT Characteristic UUIDs
        attributes.put("00002a06-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Alert Level");
        attributes.put("00002a07-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Tx Power Level");
        attributes.put("00002a08-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Date Time");
        attributes.put("00002a09-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Day of Week");
        attributes.put("00002a0a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Day Date Time");
        attributes.put("00002a0c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Exact Time 256");
        attributes.put("00002a0d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "DST Offset");
        attributes.put("00002a0e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Time Zone");
        attributes.put("00002a0f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Local Time Information");
        attributes.put("00002a11-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Time with DST");
        attributes.put("00002a12-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Time Accuracy");
        attributes.put("00002a13-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Time Source");
        attributes.put("00002a14-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Reference Time Information");
        attributes.put("00002a16-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Time Update Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a17-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Time Update State");
        attributes.put("00002a18-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Glucose Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a19-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Battery Level");
        attributes.put("00002a1c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Temperature Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a1d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Temperature Type");
        attributes.put("00002a1e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Intermediate Temperature");
        attributes.put("00002a21-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Measurement Interval");
        attributes.put("00002a22-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Boot Keyboard Input Report");
        attributes.put("00002a23-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "System ID");
        attributes.put("00002a24-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Model Number String");
        attributes.put("00002a25-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Serial Number String");
        attributes.put("00002a26-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Firmware Revision String");
        attributes.put("00002a27-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Hardware Revision String");
        attributes.put("00002a28-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Software Revision String");
        attributes.put("00002a29-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Manufacturer Name String");
        attributes.put("00002a2a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "IEEE 11073-20601 Regulatory Certification Data List");
        attributes.put("00002a2b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Current Time");
        attributes.put("00002a31-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Scan Refresh");
        attributes.put("00002a32-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Boot Keyboard Output Report");
        attributes.put("00002a33-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Boot Mouse Input Report");
        attributes.put("00002a34-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Glucose Measurement Context");
        attributes.put("00002a35-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Blood Pressure Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a36-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Intermediate Cuff Pressure");
        attributes.put("00002a37-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Heart Rate Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a38-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Body Sensor Location");
        attributes.put("00002a39-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Heart Rate Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a3e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Network Availability");
        attributes.put("00002a3f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Alert Status");
        attributes.put("00002a40-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Ringer Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a41-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Ringer Setting");
        attributes.put("00002a42-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Alert Category ID Bit Mask");
        attributes.put("00002a43-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Alert Category ID");
        attributes.put("00002a44-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Alert Notification Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a45-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Unread Alert Status");
        attributes.put("00002a46-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "New Alert");
        attributes.put("00002a47-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Supported New Alert Category");
        attributes.put("00002a48-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Supported Unread Alert Category");
        attributes.put("00002a49-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Blood Pressure Feature");
        attributes.put("00002a4a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "HID Information");
        attributes.put("00002a4b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Report Map");
        attributes.put("00002a4c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "HID Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a4d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Report");
        attributes.put("00002a4e-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Protocol Mode");
        attributes.put("00002a4f-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Scan Interval Window");
        attributes.put("00002a50-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "PnP ID");
        attributes.put("00002a51-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Glucose Feature");
        attributes.put("00002a52-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Record Access Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a53-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "RSC Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a54-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "RSC Feature");
        attributes.put("00002a55-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "SC Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a5b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "CSC Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a5c-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "CSC Feature");
        attributes.put("00002a5d-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Sensor Location");
        attributes.put("00002a63-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Cycling Power Measurement");
        attributes.put("00002a64-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Cycling Power Vector");
        attributes.put("00002a65-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Cycling Power Feature");
        attributes.put("00002a66-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Cycling Power Control Point");
        attributes.put("00002a67-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Location and Speed");
        attributes.put("00002a68-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Navigation");
        attributes.put("00002a69-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "Position Quality");
        attributes.put("00002a6a-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "LN Feature");
        attributes.put("00002a6b-0000-1000-8000-00805f9b34fb", "LN Control Point");
    }

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