Python之路58-Django安裝配置及一些基礎知識點
目錄
一、安裝Django
二、創建工程
三、創建app
四、靜態文件
五、模板路徑
六、設置settings
七、定義路由
八、定義視圖
九、渲染模板
十、運行
Django是一款Python的web框架
一、安裝Django
pip3 install django
安裝完成後C:\Python35\Script下面會生成django-admin
二、創建工程
django-admin startproject 工程名
如django-admin startproject mysite
mysite
- mysite
__init__.py
settings.py # 配置文件
urls.py # url對應關系
wsgi.py # 遵循wsgi規範，實際生產環境uwsgi+nginx
manage.py # 管理django程序
三、創建app
python manage.py startapp cmdb
python manage.py startapp xxoo...
app目錄
- migrations 數據修改表結構記錄
admin.py django為我們提供的後臺管理
apps.py 配置當前app
models.py ORM，寫指定的類，通過命令可以創建數據結構
tests.py 單元測試
views.py 業務邏輯代碼
四、靜態文件
配置靜態文件目錄
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
)五、模板路徑
配置模板的路徑
TEMPLATES = [
{
‘BACKEND‘: ‘django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates‘,
‘DIRS‘: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ‘templates‘)]
,
‘APP_DIRS‘: True,
‘OPTIONS‘: {
‘context_processors‘: [
‘django.template.context_processors.debug‘,
‘django.template.context_processors.request‘,
‘django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth‘,
‘django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages‘,
],
},
},
]
六、設置settings
註釋掉
‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘
七、定義路由
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from cmdb import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls),
# url(r‘^index/‘, views.index),
url(r‘^login‘, views.login),
url(r‘^home‘, views.home),
]八、定義視圖
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.shortcuts import redirect
def index(request):
return HttpResponse("<h1>CMDB</h1>")
def login(request):
# request包含用戶提交的所有信息
# 獲取用戶提交方法
# print(request.method)
error_msg = ""
if request.method == "POST":
# 獲取用戶通過POST提交的數據
username = request.POST.get("username", None)
password = request.POST.get("password", None)
if username == "root" and password == "123":
# 去跳轉到百度
# return redirect("http://www.baidu.com")
# 跳轉到home
return redirect("/home")
else:
# 用戶名密碼不匹配
error_msg = "用戶名或密碼錯誤"
return render(request, "login.html", {"error_msg": error_msg})
USER_LIST = [
{"username": "alex", "email": "sdasda", "gender": "男"},
{"username": "eric", "email": "sdasda", "gender": "男"},
{"username": "seven", "email": "sdasda", "gender": "男"},
]
# for index in range(20):
# temp = {"username": "alex" + str(index), "email": "sdasda", "gender": "男"}
# USER_LIST.append(temp)
def home(request):
if request.method == "POST":
# 獲取用戶提交的數據 POST請求中
username = request.POST.get("username")
email = request.POST.get("email")
gender = request.POST.get("gender")
temp = {"username": username, "email": email, "gender": gender}
USER_LIST.append(temp)
return render(request, "home.html", {"user_list": USER_LIST}) def func(request):
# request.method GET/POST
# request.GET.get("", None) 獲取請求發來的數據
# request.POST.get("", None) 獲取請求提交的數據
return HttpResponse("字符串")
return render(request, "html模板路徑")
return redirect("/url路徑")九、渲染模板
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body style="margin: 0;">
<div style="height: 48px;background-color: #dddddd;"></div>
<div>
<form action="/home" method="POST">
<input type="text" name="username" placeholder="用戶名"/>
<input type="text" name="email" placeholder="郵箱"/>
<input type="text" name="gender" placeholder="性別"/>
<input type="submit" value="添加"/>
</form>
</div>
<div>
<table>
{% for row in user_list %}
<tr>
<td>{{ row.username }}</td>
<td>{{ row.gender }}</td>
<td>{{ row.email }}</td>
</tr>
{% endfor %}
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>模板渲染
變量 {{ 變量名 }}
def func(request):
return render(request, "html模板", {"current_user": "alex"})<!-- 模板 -->
<html>
<body>
<div>{{ current_user }}</div>
</body>
</html>
<!-- 渲染後生成的頁面 -->
<html>
<body>
<div>alex</div>
</body>
</html>條件判斷 {% if 條件 %}{% else %}{% endif %}
def func(request):
return render(request, "html模板路徑", {"current_user": "alex",
"user_list": ["alex", "eric"],
"age": 18}){% if age %}
<a>有年齡</a>
{% if age > 16 %}
<a>老男人</a>
{% else %}
<a>小鮮肉</a>
{% endif %}
{% else %}
<a>無年齡</a>
{% endif %}for循環 {% for row in user_list %}{% endfor %}
def func(request):
return render(request, "html模板路徑", {"current_user": "alex",
"user_list": ["alex", "eric"]})<html>
<body>
<div>{{ current_user }}</div>
<ul>
{% for row in user_list%}
<li>{{ row }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
</body>
</html>
十、運行
python manage.py runserver 127.0.0.1:8000
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Python之路58-Django安裝配置及一些基礎知識點