oracle asm管理
oracle asm管理
1、asm優點
概念：
auto storage manage
db+instance<=====> raw裸設備
性能比較：raw > asm > filesystem
管理方便性 filesystem > asm > raw
邏輯結構
數據庫<--表空間(tablespace)<---段(segment)<----區(extend)<---數據塊(block)
物理結構：SAN存儲 NFS存儲
數據文件()
ASM結構：：
ASM磁盤組《---ASM磁盤《---ASM分配單元《---磁盤物理塊
|
ASM文件
asm功能和特點
對文件而不是邏輯卷進行條帶化，更加細粒化
提供聯機磁盤重新配置和動態重新平衡
允許調整重新平衡速度
與每一個文件為基礎提供冗余
只支持oracle DB文件
可識別支持集群環境
可自動安裝
asm優點：
可以讓ASM免除如下：
I/O性能優化
數據文件移動和重新組織
文件名管理
邏輯卷管理
文件系統管理
集群文件系統管理
裸設備管理
raid 0 1 （卷）
raid1 2快盤 內容一模一樣
raid0 2塊盤 各一半
raid5 3塊盤 一半 一半 全部
raid 1 和 raid 0 4塊盤分成2組 2組對稱
2、管理asm實例
asm實例是asm進程和內存組件的結合
asm後臺進程：
arcn歸檔進程
ckpt檢查點進程
dbwn數據寫進程
diag診斷進程
jnnn作業隊列進程
lgwr日誌寫進程
pmon進程監視器
pspo進程衍生進程
qmnn 隊列監視器
reco恢復器進程
smon系統監視器
mman內存管理器進程
vktm虛擬計時器進程
如果集群還有如下進程：
lmon全局入隊服務監視器進程
lmdn全局入隊服務守護進程
lmsn 全局高速緩存服務進程
lckn鎖定進程
ps -ef | grep asm --colour
數據庫實例請求創建oracle DB文件的過程：
數據庫請求創建文件
asm前臺進程創建一個持續操作目錄(COD)條目並在磁盤組中為新的文件分配空間
asmb數據庫進程接收新文件的區映射
現在文件處於打開狀態，數據庫進程直接初始化該文件
初始化後，數據庫進程請求提交文件創建，這會導致asm
前臺進程清除cod條目並將文件的acd信息寫入磁盤，為將磁盤標記為已經創建。
asm動態性能視圖
v$asm_alias v$asm_attribute
v$asm_client
v$asm_disk
v$asm_disk_iostat
v$asm_disk_stat
v$asm_operation
v$asm_template
asm系統權限：
sysasm osasm
sysdba osdba
sysoper osoper
命令行登錄：
sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL> show parameter spfile;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
spfile string +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/reg
istry.253.943292165
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
目錄： /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/
startup pfile=‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/init+ASM.ora‘;
asm實例的啟動及關閉
SQL> show parameter name;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_unique_name string +ASM
instance_name string +ASM
lock_name_space string
service_names string +ASM
查看asm組
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA MOUNTED
FRA MOUNTED
SQL> select GROUP_NUMBER,INSTANCE_NAME,DB_NAME from v$asm_client;
GROUP_NUMBER INSTANCE_N DB_NAME
------------ ---------- ----------
########## +ASM +ASM
########## orcl orcl
########## orcl orcl
為了安全 先關閉數據庫
su - oracle
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups volume disabled
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
asm啟動到nomount狀態
SQL> startup nomount
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2212656 bytes
Variable Size 256552144 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
查看目前磁盤組：
SQL> show parameter asm_diskgroup
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups string FRA
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
FRA DISMOUNTED
DATA DISMOUNTED
掛著磁盤組：
alter diskgroup data mount;
alter diskgroup fra mount;
SQL> alter diskgroup data mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL> alter diskgroup fra mount;
Diskgroup altered.
SQL>
查看磁盤組狀態：
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
FRA MOUNTED
DATA MOUNTED
SQL>
############
SQL> shutdown immediate
ASM diskgroups volume disabled
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
SQL> startup
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2212656 bytes
Variable Size 256552144 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
ASM diskgroups volume enabled
SQL> show parameter diskgroup
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
asm_diskgroups string FRA, DATA
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA MOUNTED
FRA MOUNTED
startup 與 startup mount 、 startup open 在asm上面 是一樣的
#卸載磁盤組
alter diskgroup data dismount;
另外一種 保護模式：(修復模式)
startup restrict;
SQL> startup restrict;
ASM instance started
Total System Global Area 283930624 bytes
Fixed Size 2212656 bytes
Variable Size 256552144 bytes
ASM Cache 25165824 bytes
ASM diskgroups mounted
ASM diskgroups volume enabled
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
------------------------------ -----------
DATA RESTRICTED
FRA RESTRICTED
這時啟動數據庫報錯 因為asm保護模式
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-01565: error in identifying file ‘+DATA/orcl/spfileorcl.ora‘
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orcl/spfileorcl.ora
ORA-15056: additional error message
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:DGOpenFile05 Failed to open file +DATA/orcl/spfileorcl.ora
ORA-17503: ksfdopn:2 Failed to open file +DATA/orcl/spfileorcl.ora
ORA-15236: diskgroup DATA mounted in restricted mode
ORA-06512: at line 4
############
srvctl stop asm -f 強制關閉磁盤組
crs_stat -t
srvctl start asm 啟動磁盤組，但是沒有mount
把磁盤組打開到mount狀態
srvctl start diskgroup -g data
srvctl start diskgroup -g fra
srvctl stop diskgroup -g data
srvctl stop diskgroup -g fra
##############
asmcmd
[[email protected] ~]$ asmcmd
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> shutdown --help
Unknown option: help
usage: shutdown [--immediate] [--abort]
help: help shutdown
ASMCMD> shutdown --immediate
ASM diskgroups volume disabled
ASM diskgroups dismounted
ASM instance shutdown
Connected to an idle instance.
有這麽多命令？？？？？？？
ASMCMD> -- help
commands:
--------
md_backup, md_restore
lsattr, setattr
cd, cp, du, find, help, ls, lsct, lsdg, lsof, mkalias
mkdir, pwd, rm, rmalias
chdg, chkdg, dropdg, iostat, lsdsk, lsod, mkdg, mount
offline, online, rebal, remap, umount
dsget, dsset, lsop, shutdown, spbackup, spcopy, spget
spmove, spset, startup
chtmpl, lstmpl, mktmpl, rmtmpl
chgrp, chmod, chown, groups, grpmod, lsgrp, lspwusr, lsusr
mkgrp, mkusr, orapwusr, passwd, rmgrp, rmusr
volcreate, voldelete, voldisable, volenable, volinfo
volresize, volset, volstat
ASMCMD>
ASMCMD> startup --help
Unknown option: help
usage: startup [--nomount] [--restrict] [--pfile <pfile.ora>]
help: help startup
3、管理ASM磁盤組
8個2G
2個磁盤組 DATA FRA
SQL> select name from v$datafile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/orcl/datafile/system.256.943301251
+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux.257.943301251
+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs1.258.943301251
+DATA/orcl/datafile/users.259.943301251
+DATA/orcl/datafile/example.265.943301433
SQL> select name from v$controlfile;
NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA/orcl/controlfile/current.260.943301383
+FRA/orcl/controlfile/current.256.943301385
磁盤組的冗余度：
外部冗余：asm不提供如何數據鏡像
正常冗余：asm提供數據雙向鏡像
高冗余：asm提供3向鏡像
fdisk -l
fdisk /dev/sdj
fdisk /dev/sdk
fdisk /dev/sdl
fdisk /dev/sdm
fdisk /dev/sdn
fdisk /dev/sdo
fdisk /dev/sdp
fdisk /dev/sdq
vim /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules
start_udev
raw -aq
ll /dev/raw
chown oracle.oinstall /dev/raw/raw1*
chmod 660 /dev/raw/raw1*
sqlplus / as sysasm
set lines 180;
col name for a20;
col path for a50;
select name,path from v$asm_disk order by 1;
SQL> select name,path from v$asm_disk order by 1;
NAME PATH
-------------------- --------------------------------------------------
DATA_0000 /dev/raw/raw1
DATA_0001 /dev/raw/raw2
DATA_0002 /dev/raw/raw3
DATA_0003 /dev/raw/raw4
FRA_0000 /dev/raw/raw5
FRA_0001 /dev/raw/raw6
FRA_0002 /dev/raw/raw7
FRA_0003 /dev/raw/raw8
/dev/raw/raw12
/dev/raw/raw11
/dev/raw/raw15
NAME PATH
-------------------- --------------------------------------------------
/dev/raw/raw16
/dev/raw/raw18
/dev/raw/raw17
/dev/raw/raw13
/dev/raw/raw14
創建磁盤組:
create diskgroup test normal redundancy failgroup fg1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ name test_1,‘/dev/raw/raw12‘ name test_2 failgroup fg2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw13‘ name test_3,‘/dev/raw/raw14‘ name test_4;
SQL> create diskgroup test normal redundancy failgroup fg1 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ name
test_1,‘/dev/raw/raw12‘ name test_2 failgroup fg2 disk ‘/dev/raw/raw13‘ name test_3,‘/dev/raw/raw14‘ name test_4;
Diskgroup created.
SQL> select name,state from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE
-------------------- -----------
DATA MOUNTED
FRA MOUNTED
TEST MOUNTED
查看磁盤組及單前大小及空閑大小
set pages 1000;
SQL> select group_number,name,state,total_mb,free_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME STATE TOTAL_MB FREE_MB
------------ -------------------- ----------- ---------- ----------
1 DATA MOUNTED 8188 4557
2 FRA MOUNTED 8188 7954
3 TEST MOUNTED 2044 1938
select a.group_number,a.name,b.name,b.path from v$asm_diskgroup a,v$asm_disk b where a.group_number=b.group_number order by 1,2,3,4;
GROUP_NUMBER NAME NAME PATH
------------ -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
1 DATA DATA_0000 /dev/raw/raw1
1 DATA DATA_0001 /dev/raw/raw2
1 DATA DATA_0002 /dev/raw/raw3
1 DATA DATA_0003 /dev/raw/raw4
2 FRA FRA_0000 /dev/raw/raw5
2 FRA FRA_0001 /dev/raw/raw6
2 FRA FRA_0002 /dev/raw/raw7
2 FRA FRA_0003 /dev/raw/raw8
3 TEST TEST_1 /dev/raw/raw11
3 TEST TEST_2 /dev/raw/raw12
3 TEST TEST_3 /dev/raw/raw13
3 TEST TEST_4 /dev/raw/raw14
12 rows selected.
修改磁盤組:
刪除磁盤組：
drop diskgroup test including contents;
往磁盤組中添加磁盤：
alter diskgroup test add disk ‘/dev/raw/raw15‘ name A5,‘/dev/raw/raw16‘ name A6,‘/dev/raw/raw17‘ name A7,‘/dev/raw/raw18‘ name A8;
從磁盤組中刪除磁盤：
alter diskgroup test drop disk A5;
取消磁盤操作undrop
alter diskgroup test undrop disk A5;
查看asm的兼容性：
SQL> select name ,DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY,COMPATIBILITY from v$asm_diskgroup where name=‘FRA‘;
NAME DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY COMPATIBILITY
-------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------ -----------------
-------------------------------------------FRA 10.1.0.0.0 11.2.0.0.0
SQL> select name ,DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY,COMPATIBILITY from v$asm_diskgroup where name=‘TEST‘;
NAME
------------------------------
DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY
------------------------------------------------------------
COMPATIBILITY
------------------------------------------------------------
TEST
10.1.0.0.0
10.1.0.0.0
修改asm兼容性（asm和rdbms）
alter diskgroup test set attribute ‘compatible.asm‘=‘11.2.0.0.0‘;
alter diskgroup test set attribute ‘compatible.rdbms‘=‘11.2.0.0.0‘;
SQL> select name ,DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY,COMPATIBILITY from v$asm_diskgroup where name=‘TEST‘;
NAME
------------------------------
DATABASE_COMPATIBILITY
------------------------------------------------------------
COMPATIBILITY
------------------------------------------------------------
TEST
11.2.0.0.0
11.2.0.0.0
select name,path from v$asm_disk order by 1,2;
#drop test_1;不記錄磁盤變化
alter diskgroup test offline disk test_1 drop after 0 h;
select name,repair_timer,state from v$asm_disk_stat;
select name,path from v$asm_disk order by 1,2;
重新上線：
alter diskgroup test add disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ name test_1;
SQL> alter diskgroup test add disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ name test_1;
alter diskgroup test add disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ name test_1
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-15032: not all alterations performed
ORA-15033: disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ belongs to diskgroup "TEST"
清空磁盤：
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/raw/raw11 bs=1M count=10;
重新添加：
SQL> alter diskgroup test add disk ‘/dev/raw/raw11‘ name test_1;
Diskgroup altered.
###repair_timer小於3.6小時
alter diskgroup test offline disk test_1 drop after 3.6 h;
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oracle asm管理