DB Intro - MongoDB User
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-05-25
util 備份 error: tor 不能 環境 role use 說明 
MongoDB 3.0 用戶創建
摘要：
MongoDB 3.0 安全權限訪問控制，在添加用戶上面3.0版本和之前的版本有很大的區別，這裏就說明下3.0的添加用戶的方法。
環境、測試：
在安裝MongoDB之後，先關閉auth認證，進入查看數據庫，只有一個local庫，admin庫是不存在的：
[email protected]:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020 MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4 connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test 2015-06-29T09:31:08.673-0400 I CONTROL [initandlisten] > show dbs; local 0.078GB
現在需要創建一個帳號，該賬號需要有grant權限，即：賬號管理的授權權限。註意一點，帳號是跟著庫走的，所以在指定庫裏授權，必須也在指定庫裏驗證(auth)。
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "dba",
... pwd: "dba",
... roles: [ { role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" } ]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "dba",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
上面加粗的就是執行的命令：
user：用戶名
pwd：密碼
roles：指定用戶的角色，可以用一個空數組給新用戶設定空角色；在roles字段,可以指定內置角色和用戶定義的角色。role裏的角色可以選：
Built-In Roles（內置角色）：
1. 數據庫用戶角色：read、readWrite;
2. 數據庫管理角色：dbAdmin、dbOwner、userAdmin；
3. 集群管理角色：clusterAdmin、clusterManager、clusterMonitor、hostManager；
4. 備份恢復角色：backup、restore；
5. 所有數據庫角色：readAnyDatabase、readWriteAnyDatabase、userAdminAnyDatabase、dbAdminAnyDatabase
6. 超級用戶角色：root
// 這裏還有幾個角色間接或直接提供了系統超級用戶的訪問（dbOwner 、userAdmin、userAdminAnyDatabase）
7. 內部角色：__system
具體角色：
Read：允許用戶讀取指定數據庫 readWrite：允許用戶讀寫指定數據庫 dbAdmin：允許用戶在指定數據庫中執行管理函數，如索引創建、刪除，查看統計或訪問system.profile userAdmin：允許用戶向system.users集合寫入，可以找指定數據庫裏創建、刪除和管理用戶 clusterAdmin：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有分片和復制集相關函數的管理權限。 readAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的讀權限 readWriteAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的讀寫權限 userAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的userAdmin權限 dbAdminAnyDatabase：只在admin數據庫中可用，賦予用戶所有數據庫的dbAdmin權限。 root：只在admin數據庫中可用。超級賬號，超級權限
剛建立了 userAdminAnyDatabase 角色，用來管理用戶，可以通過這個角色來創建、刪除用戶。驗證：需要開啟auth參數。
[email protected]:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test
> show dbs; ####沒有驗證，導致沒權限。
2015-06-29T10:02:16.634-0400 E QUERY Error: listDatabases failed:{
"ok" : 0,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on admin to execute command { listDatabases: 1.0 }",
"code" : 13
}
at Error (<anonymous>)
at Mongo.getDBs (src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47:15)
at shellHelper.show (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:630:33)
at shellHelper (src/mongo/shell/utils.js:524:36)
at (shellhelp2):1:1 at src/mongo/shell/mongo.js:47
> use admin #驗證，因為在admin下面添加的帳號，所以要到admin下面驗證。
switched to db admin
> db.auth(‘dba‘,‘dba‘)
1
> show dbs;
admin 0.078GB
local 0.078GB
> use test #在test庫裏創建帳號
switched to db test
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "zjyr",
... pwd: "zjyr",
... roles: [
... { role: "read", db: "test" } #只讀帳號
... ]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zjyr",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "zjy",
... pwd: "zjy",
... roles: [
... { role: "readWrite", db: "test" } #讀寫帳號
... ]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zjy",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite", #讀寫賬號
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
> show users; #查看當前庫下的用戶
{
"_id" : "test.zjyr",
"user" : "zjyr",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.zjy",
"user" : "zjy",
"db" : "test",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
上面創建了2個帳號，現在驗證下：驗證前提需要一個集合
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2}) #插入失敗，沒有權限，userAdminAnyDatabase 權限只是針對用戶管理的，對其他是沒有權限的。
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId(‘55915185d629831d887ce2cb‘), a: 1.0, b: 2.0 } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
>
bye
[email protected]:/usr/local/mongo4# mongo --port=27020
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.4
connecting to: 127.0.0.1:27020/test
> use test
switched to db test
> db.auth(‘zjy‘,‘zjy‘) #用創建的readWrite帳號進行寫入
1
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.insert({"a":11,"b":22})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.insert({"a":111,"b":222})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 }
> db.auth(‘zjyr‘,‘zjyr‘) #切換到只有read權限的帳號
1
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) #不能寫入
WriteResult({
"writeError" : {
"code" : 13,
"errmsg" : "not authorized on test to execute command { insert: \"abc\", documents: [ { _id: ObjectId(‘559151ebb78649ebd8316856‘), a: 1111.0, b: 2222.0 } ], ordered: true }"
}
})
> db.abc.find() #可以查看
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151a1b78649ebd8316853"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151cab78649ebd8316854"), "a" : 11, "b" : 22 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559151ceb78649ebd8316855"), "a" : 111, "b" : 222 }
有沒有一個超級權限？不僅可以授權，而且也可以對集合進行任意操作？答案是肯定的，只是不建議使用。那就是role角色設置成root。
> db.auth(‘dba‘,‘dba‘)
1
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "zhoujinyi",
... pwd: "zhoujinyi",
... roles: [
... { role: "root", db: "admin" } #超級root帳號
... ]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
>
> show users; #查看當前庫下的用戶
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi",
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth(‘zhoujinyi‘,‘zhoujinyi‘)
1
> use test
switched to db test
> db.abc.insert({"a":1,"b":2})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222}) #權限都有
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.abc.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5591539bb78649ebd8316857"), "a" : 1, "b" : 2 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("559153a0b78649ebd8316858"), "a" : 1111, "b" : 2222 }
> db.abc.remove({})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 2 })
因為帳號都是在當前需要授權的數據庫下授權的，那要是不在當前數據庫下會怎麽樣？
> db
admin
> db.createUser(
... {
... user: "dxy",
... pwd: "dxy",
... roles: [
... { role: "readWrite", db: "test" }, #在當前庫下創建其他庫的帳號，在admin庫下創建test、abc庫的帳號
... { role: "readWrite", db: "abc" }
... ]
... }
... )
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "dxy",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "abc"
}
]
}
>
> show users;
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi",
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.dxy",
"user" : "dxy",
"db" : "admin",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "abc"
}
]
}
> use test
switched to db test
> db.auth(‘dxy‘,‘dxy‘) #在admin下創建的帳號，不能直接在其他庫驗證，
Error: 18 Authentication failed.
0
> use admin
switched to db admin #只能在帳號創建庫下認證，再去其他庫進行操作。
> db.auth(‘dxy‘,‘dxy‘)
1
> use test
switched to db test
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> use abc
switched to db abc
> db.abc.insert({"a":1111,"b":2222})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
上面更加進一步說明數據庫帳號是跟著數據庫來走的，哪裏創建哪裏認證。
創建了這麽多帳號，怎麽查看所有帳號？
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth(‘dba‘,‘dba‘)
1
> db.system.users.find().pretty()
{
"_id" : "admin.dba",
"user" : "dba",
"db" : "admin",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "KfDUzCOIUo7WVjFr64ZOcQ==",
"storedKey" : "t4sPsKG2dXnZztVYj5EgdUzT9sc=",
"serverKey" : "2vCGiq9NIc1zKqeEL6VvO4rP26A="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "userAdminAnyDatabase",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.zjyr",
"user" : "zjyr",
"db" : "test",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "h1gOW3J7wzJuTqgmmQgJKQ==",
"storedKey" : "7lkoANdxM2py0qiDBzFaZYPp1cM=",
"serverKey" : "Qyu6IRNyaKLUvqJ2CAa/tQYY36c="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "read",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "test.zjy",
"user" : "zjy",
"db" : "test",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "afwaKuTYPWwbDBduQ4Hm7g==",
"storedKey" : "ebb2LYLn4hiOVlZqgrAKBdStfn8=",
"serverKey" : "LG2qWwuuV+FNMmr9lWs+Rb3DIhQ="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.zhoujinyi",
"user" : "zhoujinyi",
"db" : "admin",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "pE2cSOYtBOYevk8tqrwbSQ==",
"storedKey" : "TwMxdnlB5Eiaqg4tNh9ByNuUp9A=",
"serverKey" : "Mofr9ohVlFfR6/md4LMRkOhXouc="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
{
"_id" : "admin.dxy",
"user" : "dxy",
"db" : "admin",
"credentials" : {
"SCRAM-SHA-1" : {
"iterationCount" : 10000,
"salt" : "XD6smcWX4tdg/ZJPoLxxRg==",
"storedKey" : "F4uiayykHDp/r9krAKZjdr+gqjM=",
"serverKey" : "Kf51IU9J3RIrB8CFn5Z5hEKMSkw="
}
},
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "test"
},
{
"role" : "readWrite",
"db" : "abc"
}
]
}
> db.system.users.find().count()
5
備份還原使用那個角色的帳號？之前創建的帳號zjy:test庫讀寫權限；zjyr:test庫讀權限
[email protected]:~# mongodump --port=27020 -uzjyr -pzjyr --db=test -o backup #只要讀權限就可以備份
2015-06-29T11:20:04.864-0400 writing test.abc to backup/test/abc.bson
2015-06-29T11:20:04.865-0400 writing test.abc metadata to backup/test/abc.metadata.json
2015-06-29T11:20:04.866-0400 done dumping test.abc
2015-06-29T11:20:04.867-0400 writing test.system.indexes to backup/test/system.indexes.bson
[email protected]:~# mongorestore --port=27020 -uzjy -pzjy --db=test backup/test/ #讀寫權限可以進行還原
2015-06-29T11:20:26.607-0400 building a list of collections to restore from backup/test/ dir
2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400 reading metadata file from backup/test/abc.metadata.json
2015-06-29T11:20:26.609-0400 restoring test.abc from file backup/test/abc.bson
2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400 error: E11000 duplicate key error index: test.abc.$_id_ dup key: { : ObjectId(‘559154efb78649ebd831685a‘) }
2015-06-29T11:20:26.611-0400 restoring indexes for collection test.abc from metadata
2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400 finished restoring test.abc
2015-06-29T11:20:26.612-0400 done
DB Intro - MongoDB User