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Hibernate學習之一級緩存

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Hibernate緩存:

  - 緩存是為了降低應用程序對物理數據源訪問的頻次,從而提供應用程序的運行性能的一種策略

  - Hibernate緩存是提升和優化Hibernate執行效率的重要手段

工作原理:

  1. 應用程序讀取緩存數據

  2. 緩存命中則直接返回數據

  3. 緩存未命中則去數據庫中查詢數據,然後將數據放入緩存中並返回數據

一級緩存:

  1. Hibernate一級緩存又稱為“Session緩存”、“會話級緩存”

  2. 通過Session從數據庫查詢實體時會把實體從內存中取出來,下一查詢統一實體時不再從數據庫獲取,而是從內存中獲取

  3. 一級緩存的聲明周期和Session相同;Session銷毀,它也銷毀

  4. 一級緩存的數據可使用範圍在當前會話之內

API:

  1. 一級緩存無法取消,用兩個方法管理

    - evict():用於將對象從Session的一級緩存中清除

    - clear():用於將一級緩存中的所有對象清除

  2. 相關方法

    - query.list()

    - query.iterate()

實例:

1.項目結構

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2.pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  
  	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

	<groupId>org.struts</groupId>
	<artifactId>Hibernate-PrimaryBuffer</artifactId>
	<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>jar</packaging>

	<properties>
		<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
		<hibernate.version>5.1.7.Final</hibernate.version>
	</properties>

	<dependencies>
		<!-- Junit -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>junit</groupId>
			<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
			<version>4.12</version>
			<scope>test</scope>
		</dependency>
		<!-- Hibernate -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
		    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
		    <version>${hibernate.version}</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- MySQL -->
		<dependency>
		    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
		    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
		    <version>5.1.42</version>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
	
</project>

3.Student.java

package org.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * 學生實體類
 *
 */
public class Student {

	private long id;// 學號
	private String username;// 姓名
	private Date birthday;// 生日
	private String sex;// 性別
	
	public Student() {
	}
	public Student(long id, String username, Date birthday, String sex) {
		this.id = id;
		this.username = username;
		this.birthday = birthday;
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	
}

4.Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping>

	<class name="org.hibernate.model.Student" table="STUDENT">
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
			<column name="ID"/>
			<generator class="assigned"/>
		</id>
		<property name="username" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="USERNAME"/>
		</property>
		<property name="birthday" type="date">
			<column name="BIRTHDAY"/>
		</property>
		<property name="sex" type="java.lang.String">
			<column name="SEX"/>
		</property>
	</class>

</hibernate-mapping>

5.hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
	"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
	"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>

	<!-- 配置SessionFactory -->
	<session-factory>
		<!-- 配置數據庫連接信息 -->
		<property name="connection.username">root</property>
		<property name="connection.password">***</property>
		<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
		<property name="connection.url">
			jdbc:mysql:///hibernate?useSSL=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8
		</property>
		<!-- 常用設置 -->
		<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</property><!-- 方言 -->
		<property name="show_sql">true</property><!-- 是否展示SQL -->
		<property name="format_sql">false</property><!-- 格式化SQL -->
		<property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property><!-- 自動創建表結構 -->
		<!-- 引入映射文件 -->
		<mapping resource="hbm/Student.hbm.xml"/>
	</session-factory>

</hibernate-configuration>

6.TestPrimartBuffer.java

package org.hibernate.test;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

import org.hibernate.Query;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.model.Student;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class TestPrimaryBuffer {
	
	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	
	@Before
	public void before() {
		
		sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory();// 創建會話工廠對象
		session = sessionFactory.openSession();// 創建會話
		transaction = session.beginTransaction();// 開始事務
		
	}
	
	@After
	public void after() {
		
		transaction.commit();// 提交事務
		session.close();// 關閉會話
		sessionFactory.close();// 關閉會話工廠
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 初始化數據庫
	 */
	@Test
	public void init() {
	
		Student student = new Student(1, "張三", new Date(), "男");
		session.save(student);
		student = new Student(2, "李四", new Date(), "男");
		session.save(student);
		student = new Student(3, "王五", new Date(), "男");
		session.save(student);
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 同一個session
	 */
	@Test
	public void testSameSession() {
		
		Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
		student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * 不同session
	 */
	@Test
	public void testDiffSession() {
		
		Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
		session = sessionFactory.openSession();
		student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Evict,同一個session
	 */
	@Test
	public void testEvict() {
		
		Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
		session.evict(student);
		
		student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Clear,同一個session
	 */
	@Test
	public void testClear() {
		
		Student student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
		session.clear();
		
		student = session.get(Student.class, 1L);
		System.out.println(student.getUsername());
		
	}

	/**
	 * Query
	 */
	@Test
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void testQuery() {
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Student");
		List<Student> list = query.list();
		for (Student s: list) {
			System.out.println(s.getUsername());
		}
		
		System.out.println();
		
		list = query.list();
		for (Student s: list) {
			System.out.println(s.getUsername());
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Interate
	 */
	@Test
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void testIterate() {
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Student");
		List<Student> list = query.list();
		for (Student s: list) {
			System.out.println(s.getUsername());
		}
		
		System.out.println();
		
		Iterator<?> iterator = query.iterate();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			Student s = (Student) iterator.next();
			System.out.println(s.getUsername());
		}
		
	}
	
	/**
	 * Interate2
	 */
	@Test
	public void testIterate2() {
		
		Query query = session.createQuery("from Student");
		Iterator<?> iterator = query.iterate();
		while (iterator.hasNext()) {
			Student s = (Student) iterator.next();
			System.out.println(s.getUsername());
		}
		
	}
	
}

7.效果預覽(首先執行init()方法進行數據庫表的初始化

  7.1 執行testSameSession()方法

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    說明:同一個Session中查詢同一對象使用緩存,執行一次查詢操作

  7.2 執行testDiffSession()方法

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    說明:不同Session中查詢同一對象沒有使用緩存,執行多次查詢操作

  7.3 執行testEvict()方法

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    說明:同一Session中,由於使用evict()方法從緩存中清除了Student對象,因此也需查詢多次

  7.4 執行testClear()方法

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    說明:同一Session中,由於使用clear()方法清除了緩存中的所有對象,因此也需查詢多次

  7.5 執行testQuery()方法

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    說明:在同一Session中查詢同一對象,依然執行了兩次SQL,說明query.list()方法不使用緩存

  7.6 執行testIterate()方法

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  7.7 執行testIterate2()方法

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    說明:從7.6和7.7的結果可以得出,query.iterate()方法使用緩存,但是iterate()方法先從數據中查詢所有的id,然後通過id去緩存中查找;若查找失敗,則根據id去數據庫查詢詳細信息

8.總結:

  1. 同一個session對象,多次查詢同一個對象,因為緩存只會執行一次查詢操作,查詢效率較快

  2. 不同Session對象,多次查詢同一對象,不存在緩存會多次執行查詢操作,查詢效率較慢

  3. query.list()雖然在同一個Session中,但是不會使用緩存

  4. query.iterate()在同一個Session中會使用緩存。但是iterate()會先從數據庫中查詢所有的id,然後通過id去緩存中查詢對應對象;

    若緩存中不存在該id對應的對象,則會根據id去數據庫中查詢

參考:http://www.imooc.com/video/9016

Hibernate學習之一級緩存