老男孩教育每日一題-第60天-一道實用Linux運維問題的9種Shell解答方法!
2017-06-04
1.問題為:
已知:/etc/hosts的內容為
192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org#192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org
請用shell腳本實現,怎麽才能在輸入IP後找到/etc/hosts裏對應的唯一的hostname?
2.解答:
法1)腳本過濾法
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat judgehost.sh #!/bin/bash echo "please input ip address:" read ip [ -n "`grep "$ip " /etc/hosts`" ] && \ #註意前面的過濾條件結尾帶有空格。 echo "The hostname is: `grep "$ip " /etc/hosts |awk ‘{print $2}‘`" || \ echo "The ip is invalid"
提示:
1)這是一個grep過濾加條件判斷的實現語法:
2)條件判斷語法為[ -n "ddd" ] && echo 1 || echo 0
3)[ -n "`grep "$ip " /etc/hosts`" ] && \
#註意前面的過濾條件結尾帶有空格。這裏啊,是為了排除下面的重復情況
192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org
法2)腳本精確匹配法:
#!/bin/bash #author oldboy #qq 31333741 #judge input if [ $# -ne 1 ] then echo "input error!" exit 1 fi flag=0 exec < /etc/hosts while read line do if [ "$1" = "`echo $line|awk ‘{print $1}‘`" ] then flag=1 echo "the $1 ‘s hostname is `echo $line|awk ‘{print $2}‘`" break; fi done [ $flag -eq 0 ] && echo " sorrry,not find $1 ‘s hostname!"
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.11 the 192.168.1.11 ‘s hostname is oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.21 the 192.168.1.21 ‘s hostname is oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]
特別提示:下面的方法中,老男孩老師大量的使用了awk的不同方法來實現同樣的功能,來告訴大家,awk是很強大的, 希望同學們能按照老師的教學要求精通之。
法3)awk精確匹配:
準備:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# tail -4 /etc/hosts192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org 192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org
腳本:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost1.sh awk ‘BEGIN {a="‘$1‘"} {if($1==a) print $2; }‘ /etc/hosts
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------
法4)awk精確匹配法
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost2.sh awk ‘{if($1=="‘$1‘") print $2}‘ /etc/hosts
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.311
法5)awk過濾法
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost4.sh awk ‘/‘"${1} "‘/‘‘{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org
提示:除了語法外,這道題有個學問,就是過濾時傳參結尾要帶個空格,這樣才能過濾重復IP的情況
如:
192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org 192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org ``` ----------------我是每種方法分隔符--------------- ###法6)awk過濾法 ```bash [[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5.sh awk ‘{if($1~/‘$1‘/) print $2}‘ /etc/hosts ##如果文件第一列包含命令行第一個參數字符則打印第二列
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org oldboy111.etiantian.org ------>這裏有bug了。 [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org
改進下來排除bug:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5-1.sh awk ‘{if($1~/‘$1‘ /) print $2}‘ /etc/hosts ==>用上面加空格的思路不對。 [[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5-1.sh awk ‘{if($1~/‘$1‘$/) print $2}‘ /etc/hosts #增加一個正則表達式$
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------
法7)awk -v精確匹配法
命令行測試:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.21 ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.11 ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.11 ‘$1 == p {print $2}‘ /etc/hosts oldboy11.etiantian.org
實際腳本:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost6.sh #!/bin/bash #p=$1 #awk -v p="$p" ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts awk -v p="$1" ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost6.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost6.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org
提示:
1)傳參非awk程序,因此寫法p="$1"
2)man awk
-v var=val
--assign var=val
Assign the value val to the variable var, before execution of the program begins. Such vari-
able values are available to the BEGIN block of an AWK program.
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------
法8:精確匹配簡單的寫法
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost9.sh awk ‘$1 == "‘$1‘" {print $2}‘ /etc/hosts
執行結果:
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh 192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh 192.168.1.21 oldboy21.etiantian.org [[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh 192.168.1.31 oldboy31.etiantian.org
特別提示:這裏老男孩老師大量的使用了awk的不同方法來實現同樣的功能,很強大吧,
希望同學們能按照老師的教學要求精通之。
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------
法9:學生的一個不成熟的實現法
#!/bin/bash b=/$PWD/wang.txt echo -n "plase input ip : " read a if [ $a == "192.168.1.11" ] then cat $b | grep $a | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘ elif [ $a == "192.168.1.21" ] then cat $b | grep $a | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘ elif [ $a == "192.168.1.31" ] then cat $b | grep $a | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘ else echo "plase input the correct IP address " && exit 1 fi
提示:大家看看問題在哪?腳本不通用。
----------老男孩老師改進後
#!/bin/bash #author oldboy #qq 31333741 hosts_file="$PWD/oldboy.txt" #judge file [ ! -f $hosts_file ] && echo "no test file!" && exit 1 echo -n "plase input ip : " read ip #judge ip format [ "${#a}" -lt 8 ] && [ "`echo $ip|sed ‘s/[0-9]//g‘`" != "..." ] && \ echo "Plase input the correct IP address" && exit 1 #start result1=$(grep "$ip" $hosts_file|awk ‘{print $1}‘) if [ "$ip" == "$result1" ] then grep "$ip" $hosts_file|awk ‘{print $2}‘ exit 0 else echo "Not find the hostname of $ip" exit 1 fi
提示:此法不可取,畫蛇添足了。
本文出自 “李導的博客” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://lidao.blog.51cto.com/3388056/1932142
老男孩教育每日一題-第60天-一道實用Linux運維問題的9種Shell解答方法!