1. 程式人生 > >老男孩教育每日一題-第60天-一道實用Linux運維問題的9種Shell解答方法!

老男孩教育每日一題-第60天-一道實用Linux運維問題的9種Shell解答方法!

awk shell腳本 每日一題

2017-06-04

1.問題為:

已知:/etc/hosts的內容為

192.168.1.11  oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.21  oldboy21.etiantian.org
192.168.1.31  oldboy31.etiantian.org#192.168.1.111  oldboy111.etiantian.org

請用shell腳本實現,怎麽才能在輸入IP後找到/etc/hosts裏對應的唯一的hostname?

2.解答:

法1)腳本過濾法

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat judgehost.sh    
#!/bin/bash   
echo "please input ip address:" 
read ip  
[ -n "`grep "$ip " /etc/hosts`" ] && \  #註意前面的過濾條件結尾帶有空格。   
echo "The hostname is: `grep "$ip " /etc/hosts |awk ‘{print $2}‘`" || \  
echo "The ip is invalid"

提示:
1)這是一個grep過濾加條件判斷的實現語法:
2)條件判斷語法為[ -n "ddd" ] && echo 1 || echo 0
3)[ -n "`grep "$ip " /etc/hosts`" ] && \#註意前面的過濾條件結尾帶有空格。這裏啊,是為了排除下面的重復情況

192.168.1.11 oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.111 oldboy111.etiantian.org

------------------我是每種方法分隔符----------------------

法2)腳本精確匹配法:

#!/bin/bash   #author oldboy   #qq 31333741   #judge input   if [ $# -ne 1 ]  
  then 
    echo "input error!" 
    exit 1  fi  
 flag=0  exec < /etc/hosts  
while read line  
do  
 if [ "$1" = "`echo $line|awk ‘{print $1}‘`" ]  
   then 
       flag=1  
       echo "the $1 ‘s hostname is `echo $line|awk ‘{print $2}‘`"   
       break;  
 fi  done   [ $flag -eq 0 ] && echo " sorrry,not find $1 ‘s hostname!"

提示:此題,請大家學習while的用法及設置flag的思路。
執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.11
the 192.168.1.11 ‘s hostname is oldboy11.etiantian.org 
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.21 
the 192.168.1.21 ‘s hostname is oldboy21.etiantian.org
[[email protected]
/* */_boy scripts]# sh oldboy.sh 192.168.1.311 sorrry,not find 192.168.1.311 ‘s hostname!

----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------
特別提示:下面的方法中,老男孩老師大量的使用了awk的不同方法來實現同樣的功能,來告訴大家,awk是很強大的, 希望同學們能按照老師的教學要求精通之。

法3)awk精確匹配:

準備:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# tail -4 /etc/hosts192.168.1.11  oldboy11.etiantian.org
192.168.1.111  oldboy111.etiantian.org
192.168.1.21  oldboy21.etiantian.org
192.168.1.31  oldboy31.etiantian.org

腳本:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost1.sh   awk ‘BEGIN {a="‘$1‘"} {if($1==a) print $2; }‘ /etc/hosts

執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.21
oldboy21.etiantian.org
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.31
oldboy31.etiantian.org
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost1.sh 192.168.1.11
oldboy11.etiantian.org

提示:註意a="‘$1‘"的用法,$1為命令行傳參。awk程序中調用系統變量的方法a="‘$1‘"。
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------

法4)awk精確匹配法

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost2.sh   
awk ‘{if($1=="‘$1‘") print $2}‘ /etc/hosts

執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.11
oldboy11.etiantian.org
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.21
oldboy21.etiantian.org
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost2.sh 192.168.1.311

----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------

法5)awk過濾法

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost4.sh   awk ‘/‘"${1} "‘/‘‘{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts

執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.21  oldboy21.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.11  oldboy11.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost4.sh 192.168.1.31  oldboy31.etiantian.org

提示:除了語法外,這道題有個學問,就是過濾時傳參結尾要帶個空格,這樣才能過濾重復IP的情況

如:

 192.168.1.11  oldboy11.etiantian.org  
 192.168.1.111  oldboy111.etiantian.org 
 ```
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------
###法6)awk過濾法
```bash
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5.sh   
awk ‘{if($1~/‘$1‘/) print $2}‘  /etc/hosts ##如果文件第一列包含命令行第一個參數字符則打印第二列


執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.31  oldboy31.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.11  oldboy11.etiantian.org  
oldboy111.etiantian.org ------>這裏有bug了。  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5.sh 192.168.1.21  oldboy21.etiantian.org

改進下來排除bug:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5-1.sh  
 awk ‘{if($1~/‘$1‘ /) print $2}‘  /etc/hosts ==>用上面加空格的思路不對。  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost5-1.sh   
awk ‘{if($1~/‘$1‘$/) print $2}‘  /etc/hosts #增加一個正則表達式$

執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.21  
oldboy21.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.11  
oldboy11.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awkhost5-1.sh 192.168.1.31  
oldboy31.etiantian.org


----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------

法7)awk -v精確匹配法

命令行測試:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.21 ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts  oldboy21.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.11 ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts  oldboy11.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# awk -v p=192.168.1.11 ‘$1 == p {print $2}‘ /etc/hosts  oldboy11.etiantian.org

實際腳本:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost6.sh    
#!/bin/bash   
#p=$1   
#awk -v p="$p" ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts  
awk -v p="$1" ‘$1 == p{print $2}‘ /etc/hosts

執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh  awkhost6.sh  192.168.1.11
oldboy11.etiantian.org
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh  awkhost6.sh  192.168.1.21
oldboy21.etiantian.org


提示:
1)傳參非awk程序,因此寫法p="$1"
2)man awk
-v var=val
--assign var=val
Assign the value val to the variable var, before execution of the program begins. Such vari-
able values are available to the BEGIN block of an AWK program.
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------

法8:精確匹配簡單的寫法

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# cat awkhost9.sh   
awk  ‘$1 == "‘$1‘" {print $2}‘ /etc/hosts

執行結果:

[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh  192.168.1.11  
oldboy11.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh  192.168.1.21  
oldboy21.etiantian.org  
[[email protected]_boy scripts]# sh awkhost9.sh  192.168.1.31  
oldboy31.etiantian.org


特別提示:這裏老男孩老師大量的使用了awk的不同方法來實現同樣的功能,很強大吧,

希望同學們能按照老師的教學要求精通之。
----------------我是每種方法分隔符---------------

法9:學生的一個不成熟的實現法

#!/bin/bash   b=/$PWD/wang.txt  
echo -n "plase input ip : " read a  
if [ $a == "192.168.1.11" ]  
        then cat $b | grep $a | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘ 
 elif [ $a  == "192.168.1.21" ]   
        then cat $b | grep $a | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘ 
 elif [ $a  == "192.168.1.31" ]  
        then cat $b | grep $a | awk -F ‘ ‘ ‘{print $2}‘ 
        else echo "plase input the correct IP address " && exit 1  fi

提示:大家看看問題在哪?腳本不通用。

----------老男孩老師改進後

#!/bin/bash   
#author oldboy   
#qq 31333741   
hosts_file="$PWD/oldboy.txt" 
#judge file  
 [ ! -f $hosts_file ] && echo "no test file!" && exit 1  
 echo -n "plase input ip : " 
 read ip  
#judge ip format   
[ "${#a}" -lt 8 ] && [ "`echo $ip|sed ‘s/[0-9]//g‘`" != "..." ] && \  
echo "Plase input the correct IP address" && exit 1  
#start  
 result1=$(grep "$ip" $hosts_file|awk ‘{print $1}‘)  
 if [ "$ip" == "$result1" ]  
 then   
        grep "$ip" $hosts_file|awk ‘{print $2}‘ 
        exit 0  else 
        echo  "Not find the hostname of $ip" 
        exit 1  
 fi

提示:此法不可取,畫蛇添足了。





本文出自 “李導的博客” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://lidao.blog.51cto.com/3388056/1932142

老男孩教育每日一題-第60天-一道實用Linux運維問題的9種Shell解答方法!