MySQL 5.6--------SSL連接最佳實戰
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-06-27
ssl mysql dba
/* */ ~]# getenforce
Disabled1. 背景
* 在生產環境下，安全總是無法忽視的問題，數據庫安全則是重中之重，因為所有的數據都存放在數據庫中
* 當使用非加密方式連接MySQL數據庫時，在網絡中傳輸的所有信息都是明文的，可以被網絡中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在傳送敏感信息（如密碼）時，可以采用SSL連接的方式。
2. MySQL 連接方式
* socket連接
* TCP非SSL連接
* SSL安全連接
3. SSL 簡介
* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一種為了在計算機網絡進行安全通信的加密協議。假設用戶的傳輸不是通過SSL的方式，那麽其在網絡中以明文的方式進行傳輸，而這給別有用心的人帶來了可乘之機。所以，現在很多網站其實默認已經開啟了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘寶等。
4. 環境 [ 關閉SeLinux ]
* system 環境
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final) [[email protected] ~]# uname -r 2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64 [[email protected]
* MySQL 環境 [ MySQL 5.6安裝前面篇章已做詳細介紹 ]
have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為DISABLED表示ssl未開啟
[[email protected] mysql]# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> select version(); +-----------+ | version() | +-----------+ | 5.6.36 | +-----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%‘; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | +---------------+----------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘port‘; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | port | 3306 | +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> show variables like ‘datadir‘; +---------------+-------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------------------+ | datadir | /data/mysql_data/ | +---------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5. 通過openssl 制作生成 SSL 證書
* 生成一個 CA 私鑰
[[email protected] ~]# openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus .............................+++ ....................+++ e is 65537 (0x10001)
* 通過 CA 私鑰生成數字證書
[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3600 > -key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: State or Province Name (full name) []: Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []: Email Address []:
* 創建 MySQL 服務器 私鑰和請求證書
[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 > -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key .................................+++ .......................................................+++ writing new private key to ‘server-key.pem‘ ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: State or Province Name (full name) []: Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []: Email Address []: Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
* 將生成的私鑰轉換為 RSA 私鑰文件格式
[[email protected] ~]# openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem writing RSA key
* 用CA 證書來生成一個服務器端的數字證書
[[email protected] ~]# openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 3600 > -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem Signature ok subject=/C=XX/L=Default City/O=Default Company Ltd Getting CA Private Key
* 創建客戶端的 RSA 私鑰和數字證書
[[email protected] ~]# openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 > -nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ..........................................................+++ .................+++ writing new private key to ‘client-key.pem‘ ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [XX]: State or Province Name (full name) []: Locality Name (eg, city) [Default City]: Organization Name (eg, company) [Default Company Ltd]: Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []: Common Name (eg, your name or your server‘s hostname) []: Email Address []: Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []:
* 將生成的私鑰轉換為 RSA 私鑰文件格式
[[email protected] ~]# openssl rsa -in client-key.pem -out client-key.pem writing RSA key
* 用CA 證書來生成一個客戶端的數字證書
[[email protected] ~]# openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 3600 > -CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out client-cert.pem Signature ok subject=/C=XX/L=Default City/O=Default Company Ltd Getting CA Private Key
* 查看所有生成的SSL文件
[[email protected] ~]# ls -l *.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 14:16 ca-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1220 Jun 24 14:19 ca.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Jun 24 14:29 client-cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 14:28 client-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 952 Jun 24 14:28 client-req.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1090 Jun 24 14:24 server-cert.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 14:23 server-key.pem -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 952 Jun 24 14:20 server-req.pem
6. MySQL 配置啟動 SSL
* 復制 CA 證書和服務端SSL文件至MySQL 數據目錄
[[email protected] ~]# cp ca.pem server-*.pem /data/mysql_data -v `ca.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem‘ `server-cert.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem‘ `server-key.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem‘ `server-req.pem‘ -> `/data/mysql_data/server-req.pem‘
* 修改 MySQL 數據目錄的CA 證書和服務端 SSL 文件所屬用戶與組
[[email protected] ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/{ca,server*}.pem
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem‘ to mysql:mysql
changed ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-req.pem‘ to mysql:mysql* 配置 MySQL 服務的配置文件 [/etc/my.cnf]
[mysqld] ssl-ca=/data/mysql_data/ca.pem ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem
* 重啟MySQL服務
[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
* 登陸查看SSL開啟狀態
have_openssl 與 have_ssl 值都為YES表示ssl開啟成功
mysql> show variables like ‘have%ssl%‘; +---------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ | have_openssl | YES | | have_ssl | YES | +---------------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
6. SSL連接測試
* 創建用戶並指定 SSL 連接
mysql> grant all on *.* to [email protected]%‘ identified by ‘123‘ require SSL; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
* 通過密碼連接測試
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p‘123‘ Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user [email protected] (using password: YES)
* 通過客戶端密鑰與證書SSL + 密碼連接測試
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test --ssl-cert=client-cert.pem --ssl-key=client-key.pem Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement. mysql> \s -------------- mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.36, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper Connection id: 20 Current database: Current user: [email protected] SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA Current pager: stdout Using outfile: ‘‘ Using delimiter: ; Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Protocol version: 10 Connection: 192.168.60.129 via TCP/IP Server characterset: latin1 Db characterset: latin1 Client characterset: utf8 Conn. characterset: utf8 TCP port: 3306 Uptime: 16 min 38 sec Threads: 1 Questions: 35 Slow queries: 0 Opens: 67 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 60 Queries per second avg: 0.035
7. 總結
以需求驅動技術，技術本身沒有優略之分，只有業務之分。
本文出自 “sea” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://lisea.blog.51cto.com/5491873/1942216
MySQL 5.6--------SSL連接最佳實戰