wpf,後臺觸發按鈕點擊以及拖動
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-07-03
archive posit 多好 自己 article fda continue width partial
觸發按鈕Click MouseButtonEventArgs args = new MouseButtonEventArgs(Mouse.PrimaryDevice, 0, MouseButton.Left); args.RoutedEvent = Button.ClickEvent; btnOkCommand.RaiseEvent(args); 觸發按鈕綁定的Command 需要添加UIAutomationProvider 引用 ButtonAutomationPeer bam= new ButtonAutomationPeer(btnOkCommand); IInvokeProvider iip = bam.GetPattern(PatternInterface.Invoke) as IInvokeProvider; iip.Invoke();
關於拖動
//WPF設計上的問題,Button.Clicked事件Supress掉了Mouse.MouseLeftButtonDown附加事件等. //不加這個Button、TextBox等無法拖動 if(uiEle is Button||uiEle is TextBox) { uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseLeftButtonDownEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonDown), true); uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(Element_MouseMove),true); uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseLeftButtonUpEvent,new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonUp), true); continue; } // uiEle.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(Element_MouseMove); uiEle.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonDown); uiEle.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonUp);
WPF利用代碼觸發按鈕點擊操作
WPF拖動總結
這篇博文總結下WPF中的拖動，文章內容主要包括：
1.拖動窗口
2.拖動控件 Using Visual Studio
2.1thumb控件
2.2Drag、Drop（不連續，沒有中間動畫）
2.3拖動一個控件
2.4讓一個窗口內的所有(指定的)控件可拖動
3.Expression Blend X實現拖動(Best Practice)
Update: Move and resize controls on a form at runtime (with drag and drop)
小結
1.拖動窗口
我們知道，鼠標放在窗口的標題欄上按下就可以拖動窗體。我們要實現在窗口的全部地方或特定地方按下鼠標左鍵實現拖動。
Winform的做法是，獲取鼠標的位置信息，從而設置窗體的位置。
WPF也可以采用Winform類似的方法，但是沒有必要，因為有更加單的方法。
<Window x:Class="WpfApplicationDrugMove.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="窗體拖動" Height="350" Width="525">
<Grid Background="Green" MouseLeftButtonDown="Grid_MouseLeftButtonDown">
<Canvas Height="65" Background="Gray" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="284,110,0,0" Name="canvas1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="74" MouseLeftButtonDown="canvas1_MouseLeftButtonDown">
</Canvas>
</Grid>
</Window>
有Grid布局的窗口，裏面放置了一個Canvas。
要實現在Grid內按下鼠標左鍵實現窗體拖動/或是Canvas內實現按下鼠標左鍵實現窗體拖動，代碼如下：
private void canvas1_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
base.DragMove();//實現整個窗口的拖動
}
private void Grid_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
base.DragMove();
}
從上面的代碼我們可以看到，DragMove()方法僅用來實現窗體的拖動。
2.拖動控件
2.1thumb控件
thumb控件MSDN的描述非常簡單：Represents a control that can be dragged by the user.（表示可由用戶拖動的控件）。
由DragStarted、DragDelta、DragCompleted著三個事件完成控件的拖動。
給個例子：我們在Canvas中加入如下thumb控件
<Thumb Name="thumb1" Background="Red" Height="50" Width="100" DragDelta="DragDelta" DragStarted="DragStarted" DragCompleted="DragCompleted" Canvas.Left="335" Canvas.Top="121" />
實現相應的事件，即可完成該控件的拖動工作。
private void DragDelta(object sender, System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.DragDeltaEventArgs e)
{
Canvas.SetLeft(thumb1,Canvas.GetLeft(thumb1)+e.HorizontalChange);
Canvas.SetTop(thumb1, Canvas.GetTop(thumb1) + e.VerticalChange);
}
private void DragStarted(object sender, System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.DragStartedEventArgs e)
{
thumb1.Background = Brushes.White;
}
private void DragCompleted(object sender, System.Windows.Controls.Primitives.DragCompletedEventArgs e)
{
thumb1.Background = Brushes.Red;
}
這只是一個簡單的示例，我們知道thumb有拇指的意思，代表著很棒的意思。
2.2 drag、drop（不連續，沒有中間動畫）
很多控件都有AllowDrop屬性：允許放下；和Drop事件。
給出兩個例子。
例1：
<Grid> <Label Name ="label1" Content="TestDrop" Background="Red" Height ="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="70,35,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" MouseDown="label1_MouseDown" /> <Label Name="label2" Content="ToHere" Background="Green" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin ="342,107,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" AllowDrop ="True" Drop="tagert_drop" /> </Grid>
現在，拖拽label1到label上，把label1的text賦值給label2.實現如下：
private void label1_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
Label lbl = (Label)sender;
DragDrop.DoDragDrop(lbl, lbl.Content, DragDropEffects.Copy);
}
private void tagert_drop(object sender, DragEventArgs e)
{
((Label)sender).Content = e.Data.GetData(DataFormats.Text);
}
例2：
界面上有兩個Canvas，右面的Canvas裏面有一個Rectangle。拖動右面的Rectangle把它拖到左邊來，並且保留右邊的Rectangle。
<Window x:Class="WpfApplicationDrugMove.Windowdragdrop"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="Windowdragdrop" Height="369" Width="559">
<Grid>
<Canvas Background="ForestGreen" Height="282" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="22,20,0,0" Name="canvas1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="226" />
<Canvas Background="ForestGreen" Height="282" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="278,20,0,0" Name="canvas2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="232">
<Rectangle Fill="Yellow" Canvas.Left="35" Canvas.Top="36" Height="100" Name="rectangle1" Stroke="Black" Width="150" />
</Canvas>
</Grid>
</Window>
namespace WpfApplicationDrugMove
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for Windowdragdrop.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class Windowdragdrop : Window
{
public Windowdragdrop()
{
InitializeComponent();
canvas1.AllowDrop = true;
rectangle1.PreviewMouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(rectangle1_PreviewMouseMove);
canvas1.DragOver += new DragEventHandler(canvas1_DragOver);
canvas1.Drop += new DragEventHandler(canvas1_Drop);
}
void rectangle1_PreviewMouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (e.LeftButton == MouseButtonState.Pressed)
{
DataObject data = new DataObject(typeof(Rectangle), rectangle1);
DragDrop.DoDragDrop(rectangle1, data, DragDropEffects.Copy);
}
}
void canvas1_Drop(object sender, DragEventArgs e)
{
IDataObject data = new DataObject();
data = e.Data;
if (data.GetDataPresent(typeof(Rectangle)))
{
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle();
rect = data.GetData(typeof(Rectangle)) as Rectangle;
//canvas2.Children.Remove(rect);
//canvas1.Children.Add(rect);
//序列化Control,以深復制Control!!!!
string rectXaml = XamlWriter.Save(rect);
StringReader stringReader = new StringReader(rectXaml);
XmlReader xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(stringReader);
UIElement clonedChild = (UIElement)XamlReader.Load(xmlReader);
canvas1.Children.Add(clonedChild);
}
}
void canvas1_DragOver(object sender, DragEventArgs e)
{
if(!e.Data.GetDataPresent(typeof(Rectangle)))
{
e.Effects = DragDropEffects.None;
e.Handled = true;
}
}
}
}
效果如下：
這個也就回答了博客園的一篇博問：WPF拖拽實現
雖然這個問題被標記為解決，但是其解決的方法過於醜陋，具體請看DebugLZQ本文代碼實現。
2.3拖動一個控件
實現和thumb一樣的效果，不同於drag/drop，拖動的時候控件跟隨鼠標移動。
<Canvas x:Name="canvas1" Background="Green"> <Canvas Background="Yellow" Canvas.Left="85" Canvas.Top="51" Height="100" Name="canvas2" Width="105" MouseLeftButtonDown="canvas2_MouseDown" MouseMove="canvas2_MouseMove" MouseLeftButtonUp="canvas2_MouseLeftButtonUp"></Canvas> </Canvas>
Canvas中又一個控件(Canvas2)，實現canvas2的拖動。
實現canvas2的MouseLeftButtonDown、MouseMove、MouseLeftButtonUp事件。
Point oldPoint = new Point();
bool isMove = false;
private void canvas2_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (isMove)
{
canvas2.Background = Brushes.White;
FrameworkElement currEle = sender as FrameworkElement;
double xPos = e.GetPosition(null).X - oldPoint.X + (double)currEle.GetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty);
double yPos = e.GetPosition(null).Y - oldPoint.Y + (double)currEle.GetValue(Canvas.TopProperty);
currEle.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, xPos);
currEle.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, yPos);
oldPoint = e.GetPosition(null);
}
}
private void canvas2_MouseDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
isMove = true;
oldPoint = e.GetPosition(null);
}
private void canvas2_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
isMove = false;
canvas2.Background = Brushes.Yellow;
}
2.4讓一個窗口內的所有(指定的)控件可拖動
有2.3的基礎，現在我們就可以很方便的實現容器內所有控件拖動了。不僅僅局限於Canvas。其實Canvas的絕對定位和其他的容器(如Grid)沒多好差別，只不過Canvas使用Left/Top來定位；Grid是用Margin，僅此而已！
1.還是Canvas中的拖動
<Window x:Class="WpfApplicationDrugMove.WindowWPFALLControlDragInCanvas"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="WindowWPFALLControlDragInCanvas" Height="418" Width="642">
<Canvas x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="Violet">
<Label Canvas.Left="330" Canvas.Top="151" Content="Label" Height="28" Name="label1" />
<TextBlock Canvas.Left="437" Canvas.Top="154" Height="23" Name="textBlock1" Text="TextBlock" />
<Image Canvas.Left="206" Canvas.Top="231" Height="64" Name="image1" Stretch="Fill" Width="73" Source="/WpfApplicationDrugMove;component/1.jpg" />
<Canvas Canvas.Left="358" Canvas.Top="233" Height="100" Name="canvas1" Width="200" Background="Red"></Canvas>
<Button Canvas.Left="227" Canvas.Top="38" Content="Button" Height="23" Name="button1" Width="75" />
<TextBox Canvas.Left="113" Canvas.Top="125" Height="23" Name="textBox1" Width="120" />
</Canvas>
</Window>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace WpfApplicationDrugMove
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for WindowWPFALLControlDrag.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class WindowWPFALLControlDragInCanvas:Window
{
public WindowWPFALLControlDragInCanvas()
{
InitializeComponent();
foreach (UIElement uiEle in LayoutRoot.Children)
{
//WPF設計上的問題,Button.Clicked事件Supress掉了Mouse.MouseLeftButtonDown附加事件等.
//不加這個Button、TextBox等無法拖動
if (uiEle is Button||uiEle is TextBox)
{
uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseLeftButtonDownEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonDown), true);
uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(Element_MouseMove),true);
uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseLeftButtonUpEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonUp), true);
continue;
}
//
uiEle.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(Element_MouseMove);
uiEle.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonDown);
uiEle.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonUp);
}
}
bool isDragDropInEffect = false;
Point pos = new Point();
void Element_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (isDragDropInEffect)
{
FrameworkElement currEle = sender as FrameworkElement;
double xPos = e.GetPosition(null).X - pos.X + (double)currEle.GetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty);
double yPos = e.GetPosition(null).Y - pos.Y + (double)currEle.GetValue(Canvas.TopProperty);
currEle.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, xPos);
currEle.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, yPos);
pos = e.GetPosition(null);
}
}
void Element_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
FrameworkElement fEle = sender as FrameworkElement;
isDragDropInEffect = true;
pos = e.GetPosition(null);
fEle.CaptureMouse();
fEle.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
}
void Element_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
if (isDragDropInEffect)
{
FrameworkElement ele = sender as FrameworkElement;
isDragDropInEffect = false;
ele.ReleaseMouseCapture();
}
}
}
}
註意：需要用AddHandler添加Button.MouseLeftButtonDown等事件，不然無法觸發，因為Button.Clicked事件Supress掉了MouseLeftButtonDown。
這樣頁面上的所有控件就可以隨意拖動了。
今天在CodeProject上看到了這篇文章：WPF - Catch Events Even if they are Already Handled，說的是一個事情。
2.Canvas換成Grid。Grid中所有控件可拖動。
<Window x:Class="WpfApplicationDrugMove.WindowWPFALLControlDragMoveInGrid"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
Title="WindowWPFALLControlDragMoveInGrid" Height="382" Width="552">
<Grid x:Name="LayoutRoot" Background="GreenYellow">
<Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="60,42,0,0" Name="button1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" />
<Label Content="Label" Height="28" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="305,89,0,0" Name="label1" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
<Button Content="Button" Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="204,45,0,0" Name="button2" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" />
<TextBlock Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="363,42,0,0" Name="textBlock1" Text="TextBlock" VerticalAlignment="Top" />
<TextBox Height="23" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="60,140,0,0" Name="textBox1" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="120" />
<Image Height="56" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="173,229,0,0" Name="image1" Stretch="Fill" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="62" Source="/WpfApplicationDrugMove;component/1.jpg" />
<Image Height="150" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="291,159,0,0" Name="image2" Stretch="Fill" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="177" Source="/WpfApplicationDrugMove;component/2.gif" />
</Grid>
</Window>
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Shapes;
namespace WpfApplicationDrugMove
{
/// <summary>
/// Interaction logic for WindowWPFALLControlDragMoveInGrid.xaml
/// </summary>
public partial class WindowWPFALLControlDragMoveInGrid : Window
{
public WindowWPFALLControlDragMoveInGrid()
{
InitializeComponent();
foreach (UIElement uiEle in LayoutRoot.Children)
{
if (uiEle is Button || uiEle is TextBox)
{
uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseLeftButtonDownEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonDown), true);
uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseMoveEvent, new MouseEventHandler(Element_MouseMove), true);
uiEle.AddHandler(Button.MouseLeftButtonUpEvent, new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonUp), true);
continue;
}
uiEle.MouseMove += new MouseEventHandler(Element_MouseMove);
uiEle.MouseLeftButtonDown += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonDown);
uiEle.MouseLeftButtonUp += new MouseButtonEventHandler(Element_MouseLeftButtonUp);
}
}
bool isDragDropInEffect = false;
Point pos = new Point();
void Element_MouseMove(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
{
if (isDragDropInEffect)
{
FrameworkElement currEle = sender as FrameworkElement;
double xPos = e.GetPosition(null).X - pos.X + currEle.Margin.Left;
double yPos = e.GetPosition(null).Y - pos.Y + currEle.Margin.Top;
currEle.Margin = new Thickness(xPos, yPos, 0, 0);
pos = e.GetPosition(null);
}
}
void Element_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
FrameworkElement fEle = sender as FrameworkElement;
isDragDropInEffect = true;
pos = e.GetPosition(null);
fEle.CaptureMouse();
fEle.Cursor = Cursors.Hand;
}
void Element_MouseLeftButtonUp(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)
{
if (isDragDropInEffect)
{
FrameworkElement ele = sender as FrameworkElement;
isDragDropInEffect = false;
ele.ReleaseMouseCapture();
}
}
}
}
效果如下：
Grid界面中的所有控件可隨意拖動。
3.使用Expression Blend實現拖動(Best Practice)
使用如下的一個Behavior：MouseDragElementBehavior
實現方法非常簡單，let‘s say 我們有個Rectangle，無論在什麽容器中，我們要實現其拖動。
直接把這個MouseDragElementBehavior 拖動到Rectangle中即可。
XAML如下：
<Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
xmlns:ei="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactions" x:Class="WPFDragMoveBlend.MainWindow"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
<Grid>
<Rectangle Fill="Red" Stroke="Black" Margin="145,82,164,50" Width="200" Height="180" >
<i:Interaction.Behaviors>
<ei:MouseDragElementBehavior/>
</i:Interaction.Behaviors>
</Rectangle>
</Grid>
</Window>
(如您所見，DebugLZQ使用的是 Expression Blend 4)。
程序運行正常，Rectangle可隨意拖動如下：
使用Blend借助Behaviors不需要額外的C#代碼，最為簡潔。
其他的一些Behaviors也非常有用，
如播放MP3：
<Window
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:i="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactivity"
xmlns:ei="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/2010/interactions" x:Class="WPFDragMoveBlend.MainWindow"
Title="MainWindow" Height="350" Width="525">
<Grid>
<Rectangle Fill="Red" Stroke="Black" Margin="145,82,164,50" Width="200" Height="180" >
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseLeftButtonDown">
<ei:PlaySoundAction Source="C:\Users\Public\Music\Sample Music\Kalimba.mp3"/>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:Interaction.Behaviors>
<ei:MouseDragElementBehavior/>
</i:Interaction.Behaviors>
</Rectangle>
</Grid>
</Window>
程序可正常運行。
還有如CallMethodAction，ControlStoryboardAction，及MVVM中使用較多的InvokeCommandAction等。
小結一下：
關於2.2例2中控件的序列化、反序列化! 參考：WPF控件深拷貝:序列化/反序列化
關於Button.MouseLeftButtonDown用C#代碼註冊的話需要用AddHandler添加，直接添加會被Button.Clicked阻止! 另一種情況是：我們如何捕獲一個路由事件，即使這個路由事件已經被標記為e.handled=true。這個很重要！！！參考：WPF捕獲事件即使這個事件被標記為Handled 。拖動不局限於Canvas.
所有方法中，Blend實現最為Clearn.關於Blend 4的快捷鍵，請參考：A Complete Guide to Expression Blend 4 Shortcut Keys
Update1(2014-01-14):
It provide a Winform demo, but It obviously also works for WPF projects.
Move and resize controls on a form at runtime (with drag and drop)
Posted on CodeProject, By
wpf,後臺觸發按鈕點擊以及拖動