棧也是一種線性表，只不過是受限制的線性表

他只能從一端讀取或者刪除元素。棧也分為順序棧和鏈表棧

順序棧不需要額外的空間來指明下個節點的位置，空間利用率高

但是不能動態擴容，而鏈表棧剛好與之相對。

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0
#define MAX 100
#define DELAY 1


typedef int ElemType;
typedef int Status;
typedef struct{
  ElemType 
 
* base;
  ElemType * top;
} Sqstack;

Status initStack(Sqstack * stack){
  stack->base = (ElemType *)malloc(MAX * sizeof(ElemType));
  stack->top = stack->base;
  return OK;
}

Status stackEmpty(Sqstack stack){
  if(stack.top == stack.base)return OK;
  else return ERROR;
}

int stackLength(Sqstack stack){
  
 
int count = stack.top - stack.base;
  return count;
}

Status getTopValue(Sqstack stack,ElemType * e){
  *e = *(stack.top-1);
  return OK;
}

Status Push(Sqstack *stack,ElemType e){

  if((stack->top - stack->base) >= MAX)return ERROR;
  *(stack->top) = e;
  stack->top++;
  return OK;
}

Status Pop(Sqstack 
 
*stack,ElemType * e){

  if(stack->top == stack->base)return ERROR;
  *e = *(stack->top-1);
  stack->top--;
  return OK;
}

Status printStack(Sqstack stack){
  
  if( stackEmpty(stack) ){
    printf("empty\n");
    return OK;
  }

  printf("stack len is %d \n",stackLength(stack));

  while(stack.base < stack.top){
     printf("[%d] ",*(stack.base));
     stack.base++;
  }

  printf("\n");
  return OK;
}

int main(){
  Sqstack stack;
  ElemType value;
  initStack(&stack);

  while(1){
    system("clear");
    printf("p = push\nP = pop\n");
    printf("g = get\nValue  e = exit\n");

    printStack(stack);
    printf("enter a your choose:");
    char sel = getchar();

    if( sel == ‘p‘){
       printf("enter push value:");
       scanf("%d",&value);
       Push(&stack,value);
       sleep(DELAY);
    }
    
    else if(sel == ‘P‘){
       Pop(&stack,&value);
       printf("value:%d is poped\n",value);
       sleep(DELAY);
    }
  
    else if(sel == ‘g‘){
       getTopValue(stack,&value);
       printf("value is %d\n",value);
       sleep(DELAY);
    }

    else if(sel == ‘e‘){
       exit(0);
    }

  }
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define OK 1
#define ERROR 0

typedef int ElemType;
typedef int Status;
typedef struct Node{
  ElemType data;
  struct Node * next;
} Node;

Node * initStack(){
  Node * s = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
  s->next = NULL;
  return s;
}

Status  Push(Node *s,ElemType e){
  Node *new = (Node*)malloc(sizeof(Node));
  new->data = e;
  new->next = s->next;
  s->next = new;
  return OK;
}

Status  Pop(Node *s,ElemType *e){
  Node *top = s->next;
  *e = top->data;
  s->next = top->next;
  free(top);
  return OK;
}

ElemType getTopvalue(Node *s){
  Node *top = s->next;
  return top->data;
}

int getLength(Node *s){
  int len=0;
  while(s->next){ 
    s=s->next;
    len++;
  }
  return len;
}

Status stackEmpty(Node *s){
  if(s->next)return ERROR;
  else return OK;
}

Status printStack(Node *s){
  if(stackEmpty(s)){printf("stack is empty\n");return ERROR;}
  else printf("stack len is %d\n",getLength(s));  

  while(s=s->next)printf("[%d]",s->data);
  printf("\n");
  return OK;
}

int main(){
  char sel;
  ElemType val;
  Node * s = initStack();
  while(1){
    system("clear");
    printStack(s);
    printf("enter code:");
    sel = getchar();
    if(sel == ‘p‘){
      printf("enter value:");
      scanf("%d",&val);
      Push(s,val);
    }

    if(sel == ‘P‘){
      Pop(s,&val);
      printf("%d is poped\n",val);
      sleep(1);
    }
 
    if(sel == ‘g‘){
      printf("top value is %d\n",getTopvalue(s));
      sleep(1);
    }

    if(sel == ‘e‘)exit(0);
  }
}

棧的實現代碼