python 編寫Model
有了ORM,我們就可以把Web App需要的3個表用Model
表示出來:
import time, uuid
from orm import Model, StringField, BooleanField, FloatField, TextField
def next_id():
return ‘%015d%s000‘ % (int(time.time() * 1000), uuid.uuid4().hex)
class User(Model):
__table__ = ‘users‘
id = StringField(primary_key=True, default=next_id, ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
email = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
passwd = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
admin = BooleanField()
name = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
image = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(500)‘)
created_at = FloatField(default=time.time)
class Blog(Model):
__table__ = ‘blogs‘
id = StringField(primary_key=True, default=next_id, ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
user_id = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
user_name = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
user_image = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(500)‘)
name = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
summary = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(200)‘)
content = TextField()
created_at = FloatField(default=time.time)
class Comment(Model):
__table__ = ‘comments‘
id = StringField(primary_key=True, default=next_id, ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
blog_id = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
user_id = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
user_name = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(50)‘)
user_image = StringField(ddl=‘varchar(500)‘)
content = TextField()
created_at = FloatField(default=time.time)
在編寫ORM時,給一個Field增加一個default
參數可以讓ORM自己填入缺省值,非常方便。並且,缺省值可以作為函數對象傳入,在調用save()
時自動計算。
例如,主鍵id
的缺省值是函數next_id
,創建時間created_at
的缺省值是函數time.time
,可以自動設置當前日期和時間。
日期和時間用float
類型存儲在數據庫中,而不是datetime
類型,這麽做的好處是不必關心數據庫的時區以及時區轉換問題,排序非常簡單,顯示的時候,只需要做一個float
到str
的轉換,也非常容易。
初始化數據庫表
如果表的數量很少,可以手寫創建表的SQL腳本:
-- schema.sql
drop database if exists awesome;
create database awesome;
use awesome;
grant select, insert, update, delete on awesome.* to ‘www-data‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘www-data‘;
create table users (
`id` varchar(50) not null,
`email` varchar(50) not null,
`passwd` varchar(50) not null,
`admin` bool not null,
`name` varchar(50) not null,
`image` varchar(500) not null,
`created_at` real not null,
unique key `idx_email` (`email`),
key `idx_created_at` (`created_at`),
primary key (`id`)
) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
create table blogs (
`id` varchar(50) not null,
`user_id` varchar(50) not null,
`user_name` varchar(50) not null,
`user_image` varchar(500) not null,
`name` varchar(50) not null,
`summary` varchar(200) not null,
`content` mediumtext not null,
`created_at` real not null,
key `idx_created_at` (`created_at`),
primary key (`id`)
) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
create table comments (
`id` varchar(50) not null,
`blog_id` varchar(50) not null,
`user_id` varchar(50) not null,
`user_name` varchar(50) not null,
`user_image` varchar(500) not null,
`content` mediumtext not null,
`created_at` real not null,
key `idx_created_at` (`created_at`),
primary key (`id`)
) engine=innodb default charset=utf8;
如果表的數量很多,可以從Model
對象直接通過腳本自動生成SQL腳本,使用更簡單。
把SQL腳本放到MySQL命令行裏執行:
$ mysql -u root -p < schema.sql
我們就完成了數據庫表的初始化。
編寫數據訪問代碼
接下來,就可以真正開始編寫代碼操作對象了。比如,對於User
對象,我們就可以做如下操作:
import orm
from models import User, Blog, Comment
def test():
yield from orm.create_pool(user=‘www-data‘, password=‘www-data‘, database=‘awesome‘)
u = User(name=‘Test‘, email=[email protected]
可以在MySQL客戶端命令行查詢,看看數據是不是正常存儲到MySQL裏面了。
http://www.pdfxs.com/cpgjhegfgncpcfefdfcfdieecfdjebcfefdfcfecedcfdidicfefdicfebefcfeceb/
python 編寫Model