latest: Pulling from ubuntu

02658b5e0e10: Pull complete

5a70b1a02339: Pull complete

0f89582aebaa: Pull complete

ffa5309fe008: Pull complete

7510bd34aee9: Pull complete

dc8dd8718e57: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:8e6b67faf44a036a18b9a3987e826fe3accbd1742e219145a461a3210a9d8142

Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latest

該命令實際上下載的就是ubuntu:latest鏡像,目前最新的ubuntu鏡像.

相當於 sudo docker pull registry.hub.docker.con/ubuntu:latest 命令,即是從默認的註冊服務器registry.hub.docker.com中的ubuntu倉庫下載標記為latest的鏡像!

下載過程中可以看出,鏡像文件一般由若幹層組成,行首的02658b5e0e10這樣的字符串代表了各層的ID.下載過程中會獲取並輸出鏡像的各層信息.層(layer) 其實是AUFS(Advanced Union File System,一種文件聯合系統)中的重要概念,是實現增量保存與更新的基礎.

還可以通過指定標簽來下載特定版本的一某一個鏡像,例如14.04標簽的鏡像

[[email protected] ~]# sudo docker pull ubuntu:14.04

14.04: Pulling from ubuntu

facde2234f2e: Downloading [========================> ] 32.96 MB/67.11 MB

80baa2a4c64f: Download complete

ce3d2a7e37b4: Download complete

41b0d9d8b116: Download complete

90e1c141b3af: Download complete

7198809c062f: Download complete

facde2234f2e: Pull complete

80baa2a4c64f: Pull complete

ce3d2a7e37b4: Pull complete

41b0d9d8b116: Pull complete

90e1c141b3af: Pull complete

7198809c062f: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:dd34f9047bdc2f9688e4020f241147ded7ff7b776b1f052b2f2d90f9c852d269

Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:14.04

當然了,你也可以從其他註冊服務器的倉庫中下載!此時,需要在倉庫名稱前指定完整的倉庫註冊服務器地址,例如從DaoCloud社區下載一個鏡像.

[[email protected] ~]# docker pull daocloud.io/library/nginx:latest

latest: Pulling from daocloud.io/library/nginx

7444805dc220: Downloading [========> ] 3.82 MB/22.42 MB

7444805dc220: Downloading [================> ] 7.414 MB/22.42 MB

7444805dc220: Downloading [==================> ] 8.088 MB/22.42 MB

7444805dc220: Downloading [===================> ] 8.538 MB/22.42 MB

7444805dc220: Pull complete

2de46b59641d: Pull complete

6f5118869c74: Pull complete

476175996aa4: Pull complete

275a07ec63cd: Pull complete

fda55200fa9a: Pull complete

c9b35ae20342: Pull complete

97e1acb823af: Pull complete

c95c61c2cc3e: Pull complete

bb8f1ef45c26: Pull complete

Digest: sha256:8deedf6e64e06d976d4a8697bc3294f3c3e65ccf6367850abcc9de4b94784b87

Status: Downloaded newer image for daocloud.io/library/nginx:latest

上面的命令就是我們從 daocloud下載的 一個 NAME為nginx TAG 為latest的一個鏡像!

2.查看鏡像信息

使用docker iamges 查看當前本機上已有的鏡像

[[email protected] ~]# sudo docker images

倉庫 標簽信息 鏡像ID 鏡像創建時間 鏡像大小

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MB

ubuntu 14.04 7198809c062f 4 weeks ago 188 MB

daocloud.io/library/centos latest 4beff0251382 9 weeks ago 192.5 MB

daocloud.io/library/nginx latest bb8f1ef45c26 10 weeks ago 109.4 MB

其中鏡像的ID信息十分重要,它唯一標識了鏡像.

TAG信息用來標記來自同一個倉庫的不同鏡像. 例如ubuntu倉庫中有多個鏡像,通過TAG信息來區分發型版本,包括 10.01,12.04,13.04,14.04等標簽

還可以使用docker tag命令為本地鏡像添加一個新的標簽.例如

命令解釋: sudo docker tag 原REPOSITORY:原TAG 新REPOSITORY:新TAG

[[email protected] ~]# sudo docker tag ubuntu:latest ubuntu:aaa

[[email protected] ~]# sudo docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

ubuntu latest dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MB

ubuntu aaa dc8dd8718e57 4 weeks ago 119.2 MB

ubuntu 14.04 7198809c062f 4 weeks ago 188 MB

daocloud.io/library/centos latest 4beff0251382 9 weeks ago 192.5 MB

daocloud.io/library/nginx latest bb8f1ef45c26 10 weeks ago 109.4 MB

是不是多了個aaa標簽的鏡像!

仔細觀察上圖的IMAGE ID,你會發現 新創建的這個鏡像與原來的鏡像IMAGE ID是相同的!,這就說明了他們實際上紙箱了同一個鏡像文件,只是別名不同而已!

使用docker inspect 命令可以獲取鏡像的詳細信息:

[[email protected] ~]# docker inspect dc8dd8718e57

[

{

"Id": "dc8dd8718e57c6bfb877b74b12b0b74572f9af31bcac6143321817d8318045bc",

"Parent": "7510bd34aee9a2406544d4dbdc44bf5d98fe56d1877a8caa027f1617bae19f7d",

"Comment": "",

"Created": "2017-06-20T23:19:04.474198922Z",

"Container": "f577a3d896311472b04e6d74baca8b0bae40b533164150588516c166c6c35068",

"ContainerConfig": {

"Hostname": "d4f93cc44884",

...........................................................太長了 不粘貼了

當然了,你還可以指定顯示某一個字段的信息,例如:

[[email protected] ~]# docker inspect -f {{".Architecture"}} dc8dd8718e57

amd64

[[email protected] ~]# docker inspect -f {{".VirtualSize"}} dc8dd8718e57

119165165

3.搜尋鏡像

使用docker search命令可以搜索雲端倉庫中共享的鏡像,默認搜索Docker Hub官方倉庫的鏡像,用法為 docker search TERM(條件),支持的參數包括:

例如,搜索帶mysql關鍵詞的鏡像如下所示:

[[email protected] ~]# docker search mysql

NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED

mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 4663 [OK]

mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of M... 1441 [OK]

mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Crea... 322 [OK]

percona Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL rela... 279 [OK]

hypriot/rpi-mysql RPi-compatible Docker Image with Mysql 59

centurylink/mysql Image containing mysql. Optimized to be li... 52 [OK]

sameersbn/mysql 45 [OK]

tutum/mysql Base docker image to run a MySQL database ... 24

google/mysql MySQL server for Google Compute Engine 18 [OK]

linuxserver/mysql A Mysql container, brought to you by Linux... 10

appcontainers/mysql Centos/Debian Based Customizable MySQL Con... 8 [OK]

openshift/mysql-55-centos7 DEPRECATED: A Centos7 based MySQL v5.5 ima... 6

bitnami/mysql Bitnami MySQL Docker Image 6 [OK]

autopilotpattern/mysql Implementation of the Autopilot Pattern fo... 4

frodenas/mysql A Docker Image for MySQL 3 [OK]

mysql/mysql-cluster Experimental MySQL Cluster Docker images. ... 2

kuberdock/mysql This is a fork of official MySQL image wit... 1 [OK]

circleci/mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relati... 1

cloudposse/mysql Improved `mysql` service with support for ... 0 [OK]

astronomerio/mysql-sink MySQL sink 0 [OK]

starkandwayne/mysql 0

tenstartups/mysql 0 [OK]

kardasz/mysql Debian 8, MySQL 5.7 0 [OK]

vukor/mysql Build for MySQL. Project available on http... 0 [OK]

jenkler/mysql Docker Mysql package 0

4.刪除鏡像

使用鏡像的標簽刪除鏡像

命令:docker rmi [IMAGE...] 其中IMAGE可以為標簽/ID

用鏡像標簽刪除鏡像:

• 格式:docekr rmi REPOSITORY:TAG
• 實際:

[[email protected] ~]# docker rmi ubuntu:14.04

Untagged: ubuntu:14.04

Deleted: 7198809c062fa2c10dcb93792e4cf76000a8c8a0d5a4588b1f170e9406b7dd4e

Deleted: 90e1c141b3af1a7317c06aaf7fffbf6096b4084401be03deec3e89b3acbb7b12

Deleted: 41b0d9d8b11695d42007b63c9e1967f0c94b5712104b645316cf0e8e7ac47b88

Deleted: ce3d2a7e37b4c4d73df7404accd64fbad06daa26c1b72659589f1e101b422635

Deleted: 80baa2a4c64f981d1d10b84e1b729285d86554d36afa1d765b9f1dda3c2e1a94

Deleted: facde2234f2e1f7709831fd8d746e78ff606aef0c58d49f81604009b53e68bbf

用鏡像ID刪除鏡像:

• 格式: docker rmi IMAGE ID
• 實際:

[[email protected] ~]# docker rmi bb8f1ef45c26

Untagged: daocloud.io/library/nginx:latest

Deleted: bb8f1ef45c26e81579a105f6602c90c191782d12ff21e5a9cd1bb7425d8ea6a9

Deleted: c95c61c2cc3e06bb41658cad4282702c668c5d3c16e367b9dc7e43aef8808b9c

Deleted: 97e1acb823af00f5ac295fe193414b309a332d271ab71d9a096ca1e1f5edf40f

Deleted: c9b35ae203426c5120bcaee87333376b278f7c0befbd0d3e64b813a95c8e38cc

Deleted: fda55200fa9a040c6b0703caa5d1eee25156af999b43280eae9f95a19c7bb091

Deleted: 275a07ec63cd37082c28a82267c262f4e27448a3cc52a1e4661c4bb166c5f7f0

Deleted: 476175996aa442f9afdea1321f20bda44d8dfea863d0e9ab372d35a03ee36fd1

Deleted: 6f5118869c746fcacba464bc734757de16794f862b492b750079e40a86d2eeea

Deleted: 2de46b59641d6e0862d416e6896d2ce20f3cba8637a7f4f579fa760dd3620e0d

Deleted: 7444805dc220d49e5eecd3a59417d3fc8ed748c6ce8f6e1eafec175d6171036a

區別:

IMAGE ID:使用ID刪除一個鏡像時,會刪除此鏡像的所有標簽和文件,

TAG:使用標簽刪除鏡像時,只有當鏡像標簽全部刪除後,鏡像文件才會被刪除(推薦使用這種)

強制刪除鏡像:

如果無法刪除鏡像時,可以rmi命令中追加一個-f進行強制刪除.但是並不推薦這種方式!因為這種強制刪除會造成其他的遺留問題.

正確的做法是

1. 查看本機上的所有容器(命令 docker ps -a)
2. 停止此鏡像正在運行中的所有容器 (命令:docker stop CONTAINER ID )
3. 刪除依賴依賴此鏡像的容器(命令: docker rm CONTAINER ID )
4. 刪除此鏡像(命令: docker rmi IMAGE ID)

5.創建鏡像

創建鏡像的方法有三種:基於已有鏡像的容器創建,基於本地模板導入,基於DockerFile創建,這裏我只嘗試了最常用的基於已有鏡像的創建

基於已有鏡像的容器創建:

該方法主要是使用docker commit命令,其命令格式為docker commit [OPTIONS]CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]],主要選項包括:

-a,--author="" 作者信息

-m,--message="" 提交信息

-p,--pause=true 提交時暫停容器運行.

下面將掩飾如何使用該命令創建一個新鏡像,首先要啟動一個鏡像,並在其中進行修改操作,例如,創建一個test文件,之後退出!

[[email protected] ~]# docker run -ti centos:7.3 /bin/bash

[[email protected] ~]# cd /home

[[email protected] ~]# 創建文件保存,退出容器(ctrl+D或者 輸入exit+火車)

記住退出後生成的ID (也可以通過命令:dockers ps -a查看),例如我的ID為: 9f21e71c8ab0

下面我們實際運行一下commit命令:

[[email protected] ~]# docker commit -a "linglongtouzianhongdou" -m "new Docker Image" 9f21e71c8ab0 newdocker:1.0

5b59c0c6496fe987ecc19eb3b67663cd14b013da8a04df8dfa7e0b8c99a2c550

我們可以看到, commit後跟的-a 和-m是commit命令的選項 ,之後是我們的CONTAINER ID:9f21e71c8ab0 之後是一個 NAME[:TAG] 倉庫名:標簽

現在我們查看我們剛剛創建的鏡像:

[[email protected] ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

newdocker 1.0 5b59c0c6496f 18 seconds ago 192.5 MB

centos 7.3 4beff0251382 9 weeks ago 192.5 MB

6.存出和載入鏡像

可以使用docker save和docker load命令來導入鏡像和載出鏡像

存儲鏡像:

如果要存儲鏡像到本地文件,可以使用docker save命令

先查看鏡像:

[[email protected] ~]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

centos 7.3 4beff0251382 9 weeks ago 192.5 MB

存儲鏡像:

這行命令中有個參數 -o 指定路徑和文件名稱,如果沒寫路徑,會存到當前路徑中!

[[email protected] ~]# docker save -o centos_7.3.tar centos:7.3

[[email protected] ~]# pwd

/root

[[email protected] ~]# ll

總用量 195620

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 2086 12月 4 2014 anaconda-ks.cfg

-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 200197120 7月 21 01:18 centos_7.3.tar

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 42417 12月 4 2014 install.log

-rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10033 12月 4 2014 install.log.syslog

載入鏡像:

可以使用docker load從本地的文件中再導入到本地的鏡像倉庫,例如從文件 centos_7.3.tar導入到本地鏡像列表

先查看鏡像列表

[[email protected] docker]# docker images

REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE

載入鏡像:

[[email protected] docker]# docker load -i centos_7.3.tar

或

[[email protected] docker]# docker load --input centos_7.3.tar

或

[[email protected] docker]# docker load < centos_7.3.tar

7.上傳鏡像

可以使用docker push 命令上傳鏡像到倉庫,默認上傳到DockerHub官方倉庫(需要登錄),命令格式為docker push NAME[:TAG] (push需要用tag命令先打個標簽)

需要提前在官網註冊一下帳戶!

[[email protected] docker]# docker tag centos:7.3 user/test:7.3

[[email protected] docker]# docker push user/test:7.3

The push refers to a repository [user/test] (len: 1)

4beff0251382: Image push failed

4beff0251382: Buffering to Disk

Please login prior to push:

Username: nin^H^H

Password:

Email: nn

Docker入門-對鏡像的操作