Django2 URL配置
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-07-24
分發 順序 auth pattern play gop fff namespace get
函數、類的URL定義
"""mysite URL Configuration The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.11/topics/http/urls/ Examples: Function views 1. Add an import: from my_app import views 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r‘^$‘, views.home, name=‘home‘) Class-based views 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r‘^$‘, Home.as_view(), name=‘home‘) Including another URLconf 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r‘^blog/‘, include(‘blog.urls‘))""" from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), # 視圖為函數，定義URL url(r‘^index/‘, views.index), # 視圖為類，定義URL url(r‘^home/‘, views.Home.as_view()), ]
路由匹配
URL有很多種類型，一個URL可以對應一個視圖或者類，也可以用正則表達式的方法定義URL去匹配一類的URL
一對一的URL
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), # 視圖為函數，定義URL url(r‘^index/‘, views.index), # 視圖為類，定義URL url(r‘^home/‘, views.Home.as_view()), ]
一對多的URL
通過GET方法傳參
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/?nid=1
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/?nid=2
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail/?nid=3
url(r‘detail‘, views.detail),urls.py
USER_DICT = { "1": {"name": "root1", "email": "[email protected]"}, "2": {"name": "root2", "email": "[email protected]"}, "3": {"name": "root3", "email": "[email protected]"}, "4": {"name": "root4", "email": "[email protected]"}, "5": {"name": "root5", "email": "[email protected]"}, } def index(request): return render(request, "index.html", {"user_dict": USER_DICT}) def detail(request): nid = request.GET.get("nid") detail_info = USER_DICT[nid] return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})views.py
<ul> {% for k, row in user_dict.items %} <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail/?nid={{ k }}">{{ row.name }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul>index.html
<h1>詳細信息</h1> <h6>用戶名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6> <h6>郵箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>detail.html
通過正則方法，動態傳參，這種定義方式形參和實參的位置要一致
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail-1.html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail-2.html
http://127.0.0.1:8000/detail-3.html
url(r‘^detail-(\d+).html‘, views.detail),urls.py
USER_DICT = { "1": {"name": "root1", "email": "[email protected]"}, "2": {"name": "root2", "email": "[email protected]"}, "3": {"name": "root3", "email": "[email protected]"}, "4": {"name": "root4", "email": "[email protected]"}, "5": {"name": "root5", "email": "[email protected]"}, } def index(request): return render(request, "index.html", {"user_dict": USER_DICT}) def detail(request,nid): detail_info = USER_DICT[nid] return render(request, "detail.html", {"detail_info": detail_info})views.py
<ul> {% for k, row in user_dict.items %} <li><a target="_blank" href="/detail-{{ k }}.html">{{ row.name }}</a></li> {% endfor %} </ul>index.html
<h1>詳細信息</h1> <h6>用戶名：{{ detail_info.name }}</h6> <h6>郵箱：{{ detail_info.email }}</h6>detail.html
通過正則方法，動態傳參，這種方式相當於關鍵字參數，形參和實參的位置可以不一致
url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail),urls.py
多參數可以寫成
def detail(request, *args, **kwargs): pass # 以第一種方式傳遞的參數,都會傳遞到*args中 url(r‘^detail-(\d+)-(\d+).html‘, views.detail), # 以第二種方式傳遞的參數,都會傳遞到**kwargs中 url(r‘^detail-(?P<nid>\d+)-(?P<uid>\d+).html‘, views.detail),
URL命名
URL路由對應的名稱 name=xxx，對URL路由關系進行命名，可以根據此名稱生成自己想要的URL
通過URL對應的名稱，action會自動匹配URL，修改URL的時候就不用每次修改完還要再改HTML中的URL了
url(r‘^index/‘, views.index, name="index"),
<form action="{% url "index" %}" method="POST"> <p><input type="text", name="user", placeholder="用戶名"/></p> <p><input type="text", name="email", placeholder="郵箱"/></p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form>
URL命名空間
mysite下的urls.py, namespace設置命名空間
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from django.conf.urls import include from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^a/‘, include(‘app01.urls‘, namespace="author")), url(r‘^b/‘, include(‘app01.urls‘, namespace="publisher")), ]urls.py
app01下的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views app_name = "app01" urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^index/‘, views.index, name=‘index‘), ]urls.py
views.py 在視圖中使用， reverse反轉時"namespace:name"
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse # Create your views here. from django.urls import reverse def index(request): v = reverse("author:index") print(v) return HttpResponse("OK")views.py
模板中使用
{% url namesapce: name%}
index.html
URL和模板的對應關系
url(r‘^test/‘, views.index, name="test"), url(r‘^test/(\d+)/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name="test"), url(r‘^test/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)/‘, views.index, name="test"),urls.py
{% url "test" %}
{% url "test" 1 2 %} # url為/test/1/2/ 參數要按照順序
{% url "test" uid=9 nid=4 %} # url為/test/4/9/ 參數可以不按照順序
test.html
URL和視圖的對應關系
url(r‘^test/‘, views.index, name="test"), url(r‘^test/(\d+)/(\d+)/‘, views.index, name="test"), url(r‘^test/(?P<nid>\d+)/(?P<uid>\d+)/‘, views.index, name="test"),urls.py
from django.urls import reverse def test(request, *args, **kwargs): v = reverse("index") return render(request, "test.html", {"url": v}) def test(request, *args, **kwargs): v = reverse("index", args=(1,2,)) return render(request, "test.html", {"url": v}) def test(request, *args, **kwargs): v = reverse("index", kwargs={"nid": "3", "uid": "4"}) return render(request, "test.html", {"url": v})views.py
<form action="{{ url }}" method="POST"> <p><input type="text", name="user", placeholder="用戶名"/></p> <p><input type="text", name="email", placeholder="郵箱"/></p> <input type="submit" value="提交"> </form>test.html
URL設置默認值
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^admin/‘, admin.site.urls), url(r‘^index/‘, views.index, {"name": "root"}), ]urls.py
from django.shortcuts import render from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse # Create your views here. from django.urls import reverse def index(request, name): print(name) return HttpResponse("OK")views.py
路由分發
通過工程下面的urls.py去分發路由，將不同後綴的URL分發給不同的app
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from django.conf.urls import include urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^cmdb/‘, include("app01.urls")), url(r‘^monitor/‘, include("app02.urls")), ]工程下面的urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^login/‘, views.login), ]app01 urls.py
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app02 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r‘^login/‘, views.login), ]app02 urls.py
Django2 URL配置