20170726上課筆記
oracle安裝
- 安裝virtualbox:
# yum install gcc kernel-devel kernel-headers
# yum install virtualbox-5....
# /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup 手動編譯內核模塊,安裝時自動完成
# usermod -G vboxusers root
- 安裝linux:
創建虛擬機:
名稱:oracle11gR2_OEL6.4_x64
類型:linux 64bit
內存:2048MB
硬盤大小:100GB
設置:
啟動順序:硬盤,網絡
網絡:網卡1,橋接eth0
去除聲音、usb設備
安裝:desktop方式
主機名:node1.test.com,ip使用192.168.0.1/24,swap 4GB,其余給/
- 調整linux系統:
關閉防火墻:
# service iptables stop
# service ip6tables stop
# chkconfig iptables off
# chkconfig ip6tables off
管理工具中disabled防火墻
關閉selinux:
# vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
配置yum:
# rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/*
//# wget ftp://172.16.8.100/rhel6.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
或者:
# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel6.repo
[Server]
name=Server
baseurl=file:///media/"RHEL_6.5 x86_64 Disc 1"/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
安裝vb增強功能:
cd /media/OL6.4
# yum -y install gcc kernel-uek-devel
# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux
設備-->安裝增強功能
右鍵eject彈出光盤
- 確認root身份:
# id
- 硬件配置:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo//查看內存大小
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo//查看交換控件
# vi /etc/fstab(永久修改)//修改共享內存為自己物理內存大小
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults,size=2G 0 0 //defaults後加size=多少G 等於自己物理內存大小
# mount -o remount /dev/shm//啟用修改
臨時修改
# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=2g /dev/shm
# uname -m //檢查系統位數
# df -h
cd /media/ole.../Packages/
yum install oracle-rdbms -server-11gR2.....
可用次快捷工具代替以下6789四個步驟,但是第7步添加用戶最好自己添加
- rpm檢查並安裝:
# cat /etc/redhat-release //檢查系統版本
# uname -r 內核版本查看
# rpm -qa | grep glibc 檢查glibc已安裝相關包版本
# yum install glibc //默認64位
# yum install glibc.i686 /帶.XX為32位
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)
- 創建用戶:
# groupadd -g 1000 oinstall//創建組
# groupadd -g 1001 dba//創建組
# groupadd -g 1002 oper//創建組
# useradd -u 1000 -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle //創建oracle用戶,所屬組oinstall,副組dba,oper
# passwd oracle
- 修改內核參數:
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# sysctl -p//讓修改生效
- 修改資源限制:
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
- 創建目錄:
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle //創建oracle基目錄 只需創建oracle目錄,安裝oracle時自動創建home+目錄
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01 //修改用戶和組所屬
# chmod -R 775 /u01 //修改權限
- 修改概要文件://設置oracle工作環境
# vi ~oracle/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=node1.test.com
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export NLS_LANG=american_america.AL32UTF8
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT=‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘
export EDITOR=vi
export LANG=C
- 使用hosts文件解析主機名:
# hostname
node1.test.com
# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.0.1 node1.test.com node1
# ping node1
# ping node1.test.com
安裝包所在目錄共享給虛擬機然後解壓縮
mkdir /installation
mount -t ...
cd /installation
unzip p1040..
unzio p1040...
- 解壓縮安裝包:
# cd /installation
# unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_[12]of7.zip
或者:
在物理主機中解壓縮2個安裝包,然後共享給虛擬機,命令如下:
# mkdir /database
# mount -t vboxsf database /database
- 圖形界面安裝:
# xhost +
# su - oracle
$ cd /database/
$ ./runInstaller
略
以root身份執行兩個腳本 //安裝到最後會提示root安裝腳本 切換root用戶運行即可
- 創建監聽和數據庫:
圖形界面下創建監聽,oracle執行:
$ netca
$ lsnrctl status
$ netstat -tlnp | grep 1521
圖形界面創建db,oracle執行:
$ dbca
通用或事務處理 orcl/orcl
sys 權限最高
system 權限略低
DBSNMP 只能查看數據庫狀態 不設計客戶信息
SYSMAN 業務操作
數據庫字符集選中uft8
- 測試:
sqlplus測試:
$ sqlplus [email protected] as sysdba
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> show user
SQL> select count(*) from hr.employees;
SQL> exit
瀏覽器測試:
https://192.168.0.1:1158/em
sys/password sysdba
安裝rlwrap://安裝後可支持在sql命令行中上下鍵切換
root身份安裝
# yum install rlwrap-0.42-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
# vi ~oracle/.bashrc
alias sqlplus=‘rlwrap sqlplus‘
alias rman=‘rlwrap rman‘
# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
root身份安裝
# yum install flash-plugin-11.2.202.508-release.x86_64.rpm
sqldeveloper測試:
root身份安裝
# yum install jdk-8u51-linux-x64.rpm
# yum install sqldeveloper-4.1.1.19.59-1.noarch.rpm
# /usr/local/bin/sqldeveloper
輸入jdk的路徑 /usr/java/jdk1.8.0_51/
點左上角+號,創建新連接:
sys/password,連接類型:basic,角色:sysdba
192.168.0.1 端口1521 sid:orcl
測試,保存。
- 添加啟動腳本:
# vi /etc/oratab 把N改為Y
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1:Y
# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
#!/bin/bash
#chkconfig:35 99 01
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting Oracle Database & Listener:"
su - oracle -c ‘dbstart $ORACLE_HOME‘ >/dev/null
echo "[ ok ]"
echo -n "Starting Oracle EM dbconsole:"
su - oracle -c "emctl start dbconsole">/dev/null
echo "[ ok ]"
touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
stop)
echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle EM dbconsole:"
su - oracle -c "emctl stop dbconsole">/dev/null
echo "[ ok ]"
echo -n "Shutting Down Oracle Database & Listener:"
su - oracle -c ‘dbshut $ORACLE_HOME‘ >/dev/null
echo "[ ok ]"
rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
;;
*)
echo "Usage: oracle {start|stop}"
exit 1
esac
# chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
# chkconfig --add oracle
# chkconfig --list oracle
- 刪除口令有效期:
# su - oracle
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter profile default limit PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME unlimited;
- 修改virtualbox的網絡設置(可選):
全局設置à添加hostonly網絡,設置ip為:192.168.0.253,取消dhcp(linux only)
虛擬機網絡改為hostonly
虛擬機中將網卡的ip改為靜態,192.168.0.1
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
IPADDR=192.168.0.1
PREFIX=24
# ifdown eth0;ifup eth0
# vi /etc/hosts
192.168.0.1 node1.test.com node1
20170726上課筆記