springMVC+json構建restful風格的服務
首先。要知道什麽是rest服務,什麽是rest服務呢?
REST(英文:Representational State Transfer,簡稱REST)描寫敘述了一個架構樣式的網絡系統。比方 web 應用程序。
它首次出如今 2000 年 Roy Fielding 的博士論文中,他是 HTTP 規範的主要編寫者之中的一個。
在眼下主流的三種Web服務交互方案中。REST相比於SOAP(Simple Object Access protocol,簡單對象訪問協議)以及XML-RPC更加簡單明了,不管是對URL的處理還是對Payload的編碼,REST都傾向於用更加簡單輕量的方法設計和實現。值得註意的是REST並沒有一個明白的標準,而更像是一種設計的風格。
rest是以資源為中心。將一個一個請求作出的響應以資源的形式返回,可能你請求的是一個xml,一個html。rest都把它歸類為資源。也就是說全部的響應都是基於資源的。
而REST的web service 設計原則是基於CRUD,其支持的四種操作分別為:
GET – 獲取信息/請求信息內容。絕大多數瀏覽器獲取信息時使用該方式。
POST – 添加信息內容。顯示曾經的信息內容,能夠看作是insert操作
PUT – 更新信息內容。相當與update
DELETE – 刪除信息內容能夠看作是delete
我們平時一般僅僅用上面的get和post方法,而非常少使用其它方法。事實上http還有put、delete、head方法。
而且REST 的請求和響應也是使用http的request和response倆實現的。
在這裏我將使用springMVC+json的形式構建一個restful風格的demo。
首先springMVC環境搭建:
相關jar包:
spring配置文件applicationContext.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?
>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
<!-- 載入外部的properties配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:/config/jdbc.properties" />
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gisquest"/>
<!-- 配置數據庫連接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<!-- 連接數據庫驅動 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${driverClass}"></property>
<!-- 數據庫url -->
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbcUrl}"></property>
<!-- 數據庫用戶名 -->
<property name="user" value="${user}"></property>
<!-- 數據庫密碼-->
<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
<!-- 其它配置-->
<!--初始化時獲取三個連接,取值應在minPoolSize與maxPoolSize之間。Default: 3 -->
<property name="initialPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--連接池中保留的最小連接數。Default: 3 -->
<property name="minPoolSize" value="3"></property>
<!--連接池中保留的最大連接數。Default: 15 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="5"></property>
<!--當連接池中的連接耗盡的時候c3p0一次同一時候獲取的連接數。Default: 3 -->
<property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"></property>
<!-- 控制數據源內載入的PreparedStatements數量。假設maxStatements與maxStatementsPerConnection均為0,則緩存被關閉。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxStatements" value="8"></property>
<!-- maxStatementsPerConnection定義了連接池內單個連接所擁有的最大緩存statements數。Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxStatementsPerConnection" value="5"></property>
<!--最大空暇時間,1800秒內未使用則連接被丟棄。若為0則永不丟棄。
Default: 0 -->
<property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"></property>
</bean>
<!-- 配置SqlsessionFactory-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory"
class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:/config/mapper/*Mapper.xml"/>
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.gisquest.bean"></property>
</bean>
<!-- mapper掃描器 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 掃描包路徑。假設須要掃描多個包,中間使用半角逗號隔開 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.gisquest.dao"></property>
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置事務管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>
springMVC配置文件:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.2.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.2.xsd ">
<!-- 註解驅動 -->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 激活spring註解方式:自己主動掃描,並註入bean
-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.gisquest"/>
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<!-- 配置jsp路徑的前綴 -->
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<!-- 配置jsp路徑的後綴 -->
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean id="stringConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 輸出對象轉JSON支持 -->
<bean id="jsonConverter"
class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"></bean>
<bean
class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<ref bean="stringConverter"/>
<ref bean="jsonConverter" />
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 文件上傳 -->
</beans>
web.xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>WEB-INF/pages/index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:config/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- springmvc配置 -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<description>spring mvc 配置文件</description>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:config/springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<description>字符集過濾器</description>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<description>字符集編碼</description>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- 解決HTTP PUT請求Spring無法獲取請求參數的問題 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<servlet-name>springMVC3</servlet-name>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
該demo使用了mybatis來操作持久層,以下是mapper文件,userMapper.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<!-- namespace命名空間。作用就是對sql進行分類化管理。理解sql隔離
註意:使用mapper代理方法開發,namespace有特殊關鍵的數據。namespace等於mapper接口地址
-->
<mapper namespace="com.gisquest.dao.UserMapper">
<!-- sql片段 -->
<sql id="sql_where_dymatic">
<if test="username!=null">
AND username=#{username}
</if>
<if test="address!=null">
AND address=#{address}
</if>
</sql>
<resultMap type="User" id="aliasResultMap">
<id column="id_" property="id"/>
<result column="name_" property="username"/>
<result column="address_" property="address"/>
</resultMap>
<!-- sql綜合查詢 -->
<select id="findDynamic" resultType="User" parameterType="map">
SELECT * FROM user
<where>
<include refid="sql_where_dymatic"></include>
</where>
</select>
<!-- 通過id查找 -->
<select id="findByUserId" resultType="User" parameterType="Long">
SELECT * FROM user WHERE id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 通過id查找,可是查找的列名是別名 -->
<select id="findByAlias" resultType="String" parameterType="Long">
SELECT username name FROM user u WHERE u.id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 通過resultMap輸出 -->
<select id="findByMap" resultMap="aliasResultMap" parameterType="Long">
SELECT id id_ ,username name_ ,address address_ FROM user u WHERE u.id=#{id}
</select>
<!-- 插入數據 -->
<insert id="insertUser" parameterType="User">
<!-- 本來主鍵是自增的,在插入數據時還沒有插入主鍵,所以將插入的主鍵返回到user對象中 -->
<selectKey keyProperty="id" order="AFTER" resultType="java.lang.Long">
SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
</selectKey>
INSERT INTO user(username,sex,birthday,address) VALUE(#{username},#{sex},#{birthday},#{address})
</insert>
<!-- 更新數據 -->
<update id="updateUser" parameterType="User">
UPDATE user SET username=#{username},sex=#{sex},birthday=#{birthday},address=#{address} WHERE id=#{id}
</update>
<delete id="deleteUserById" parameterType="Long">
DELETE FROM user WHERE id=#{id}
</delete>
<resultMap type="User" id="UserOderResultMap">
<id column="id" property="id"/>
<result column="username" property="username"/>
<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
<result column="birthday" property="birthday"/>
<result column="address" property="address"/>
<collection property="ordersList" ofType="Orders">
<id column="userId" property="userId"/>
<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
<result column="number" property="number"/>
<result column="createtime" property="userId"/>
<result column="note" property="note"/>
</collection>
</resultMap>
<select id="findUserOrderMap" resultMap="UserOderResultMap">
select user.*,orders.number,orders.note,orders.createtime from orders, user where orders.userId=user.id
</select>
</mapper>
javabean:
package com.gisquest.bean;
import java.util.List;
public class User {
private Long id;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
private String username;
private int sex;
public int getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(int sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
private String birthday;
public String getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
private String address;
private List<Orders> ordersList;
public List<Orders> getOrdersList() {
return ordersList;
}
public void setOrdersList(List<Orders> ordersList) {
this.ordersList = ordersList;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [id=" + id + ", username=" + username + ", sex=" + sex
+ ", birthday=" + birthday + ", address=" + address + "]";
}
}
dao層:
package com.gisquest.dao;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import com.gisquest.bean.User;
@Repository
public interface UserMapper {
public User findByUserId(Long id);
public void insertUser(User user);
//更新user
public void updateUser(User user);
//刪除特定user
public void deleteUserById(Long id);
//使用sql片段動態查詢
public List<User> findDynamic(Map paramMap);
//使用別名查
public String findByAlias(Long id);
public User findByMap(Long id);
//userorders關聯查詢
public List<User> findUserOrderMap();
}
service層:
/**
* @Project : test Maven Webapp
* @Title : UserService.java
* @Package com.gisquest.service
* @Description :
* @author laiyao
* @Copyright : 2015 zhejiang shine Technology Co. Ltd All right reserved.
* @date 2015年6月26日 下午12:40:45
* @version V1.0
*/
package com.gisquest.service;
import com.gisquest.bean.User;
/**
* @ClassName: UserService
* @Description:
* @author: laiyao
* @date: 2015年6月26日下午12:40:45
*/
public interface UserService {
public User findByUserId(Long id);
public void insert(User user);
public void update(User user);
public void delete(Long id);
}
service實現類:
/**
* @Package com.gisquest.service.Impl
* @Description :
* @author laiyao
* @Copyright : 2015 zhejiang shine Technology Co. Ltd All right reserved.
* @date 2015年6月26日 下午12:42:04
* @version V1.0
*/
package com.gisquest.serviceImpl;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.gisquest.bean.User;
import com.gisquest.dao.UserMapper;
import com.gisquest.service.UserService;
/**
* @ClassName: UserServiceImpl
* @Description:
* @author: laiyao
* @date: 2015年6月26日下午12:42:04
*/
@Service
@Transactional
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{
@Autowired
private UserMapper userMapper;
public void findByUserId1() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
User user=userMapper.findByUserId(1L);
System.out.println(user);
}
public User findByUserId(Long id) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return userMapper.findByUserId(id);
}
@Override
public void insert(User user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
userMapper.insertUser(user);
}
@Override
public void update(User user) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
userMapper.updateUser(user);
}
@Override
public void delete(Long id) {
userMapper.deleteUserById(id);
}
}
controller層:
package com.gisquest.controller;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import com.gisquest.bean.User;
import com.gisquest.service.UserService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping(“/”)
public class UserController {
@Autowired
private UserService userService;
@RequestMapping(value="/show",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public String show(Model model){
User user=userService.findByUserId(1L);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return "index";
}
/**
*
* @description : 查詢
* @author :laiyao
* @date :2015年8月17日
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/show2",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public @ResponseBody User show2(Model model,HttpServletRequest request){
User user=userService.findByUserId(1L);
model.addAttribute("user", user);
return user;
}
/**
*
* @description : 插入一條數據
* @author :laiyao
* @date :2015年8月17日
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/insert",method=RequestMethod.POST,produces = "application/json")
public @ResponseBody String insert(@RequestBody User user,HttpServletRequest request){
userService.insert(user);
return "保存user成功";
}
/**
*
* @description : 更新user
* @author :laiyao
* @date :2015年8月17日
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/update/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT,produces = "application/json")
public @ResponseBody User update(@PathVariable Long id,@RequestBody User user,HttpServletRequest request){
User users=userService.findByUserId(id);
users.setAddress(user.getAddress());
users.setBirthday(user.getBirthday());
users.setSex(user.getSex());
users.setUsername(user.getUsername());
userService.update(users);
return users;
}
/**
*
* @description : 刪除user
* @author :laiyao
* @date :2015年8月17日
*/
@RequestMapping(value="/delete/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE,produces="application/json")
public @ResponseBody String delete(@PathVariable Long id,HttpServletRequest request){
userService.delete(id);
return "delete user has finished";
}
}
[email protected]@RequestBody這兩個註解,這兩個註解就是來獲取請求參數和返回資源用的。
接著再測試一下:
刪除:
新增:
更新:
springMVC+json構建restful風格的服務