LAMP-Apache訪問日誌
阿新 • • 發佈：2017-08-02
日誌文件
訪問日誌，記錄了網站訪問者的信息。在一些特殊情況，我們可以通過訪問日誌提取出我們需要的信息。如：網站受攻擊時發起源、統計訪問用戶大數據分布等。
一、網站訪問日誌
1、訪問日誌配置
[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www/abc.com"
ServerName abc.com
ServerAlias www.abc.com
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^abc.com$
RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://abc.com/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
ErrorLog "logs/abc.com-error_log" ##錯誤日誌
CustomLog "logs/abc.com-access_log" common ##請求日誌
</VirtualHost>2、查看訪問日誌
[[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/ 123.com-access_log abc.com-access_log access_log httpd.pid 123.com-error_log abc.com-error_log error_log [[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/abc.com-access_log 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:11:38:13 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 403 209 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:52 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:01:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://abcd.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7
▏日誌格式：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/httpd.conf | grep -i logformat
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b" common3、將common更改成combined，顯示更為詳細的日誌格式
[[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/abc.com-access_log 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:11:38:13 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 403 209 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:52 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:01:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://abcd.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:04 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36" 192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:06 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" 192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:22 +0800] "GET /1.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 203 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)"
默認情況下log日誌格式為：
LogFormat "%h %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined其中%h 是記錄訪問者的IP，如果在web的前端有一層代理，那麽這個%h其實就是代理機器的IP，這不是我們想要的。
在這種情況下，%{X-FORWARDED-FOR}i 字段會記錄客戶端真實的IP。
▏所以log日誌改為：
LogFormat "%h %{X-FORWARDED-FOR}i %l %u %t \"%r\" %>s %b \"%{Referer}i\" \"%{User-Agent}i\"" combined二、不記錄靜態文件
訪問日誌記錄的大量垃圾靜態文件（如圖片、css、js等）訪問信息，影響運維工作效率。
1、配置虛擬主機
[[email protected] ~]# vi /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot "/data/www/abc.com"
ServerName abc.com
ServerAlias www.abc.com
ErrorLog "logs/abc.com-error_log"
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.gif$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.jpg$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.png$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.bmp$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.swf$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.js$" img
SetEnvIf Request_URI ".*\.css$" img ##把以gif，jpg等結尾的全部標記為img
CustomLog "logs/abc.com-access_log" combined env=!img ##除了img文件，全部都記錄
</VirtualHost>2、檢查重新加載
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t Syntax OK [[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
3、驗證效果
[[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.php -I HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:20:04 GMT Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 [[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.gif -I HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:20:10 GMT Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 [[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.png -I HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:20:17 GMT Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 [[email protected] ~]# tail /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/abc.com-access_log 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:11:38:13 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 403 209 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:52 +0800] "GET HTTP://abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:00:57 +0800] "GET HTTP://www.abc.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.100 - - [21/Jul/2017:12:01:06 +0800] "GET HTTP://abcd.com/ HTTP/1.1" 200 7 192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:04 +0800] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 209 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36" 192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:06 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 7 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" 192.168.137.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:07:22 +0800] "GET /1.txt HTTP/1.1" 404 203 "-" "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; Trident/8.0; .NET4.0C; .NET4.0E)" 127.0.0.1 - - [21/Jul/2017:18:20:04 +0800] "HEAD HTTP://abcd.com/123.php HTTP/1.1" 404 - "-" "curl/7.29.0" ##可以看到過濾後的效果了
三、訪問日誌切割
網站每天都在被訪問，會記錄大量的日誌信息。單個大日誌文件不方便運維人員的查看，而且還不方便清理過期日誌。通過切割日誌能很好的解決這個問題。
1、配置虛擬主機
[[email protected] ~]# cat /usr/local/apache2.4/conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf | grep -i customlog
CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache2.4/bin/rotatelogs -l logs/abc.com-access_%Y%m%d.log 86400" combined env=!img ##工具名為：rotatelogs；-l：以當前系統時間為基準2、檢查重新加載
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl -t Syntax OK [[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl graceful
3、測試效果
[[email protected] ~]# curl -x127.0.0.1:80 abcd.com/123.php -I HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found Date: Fri, 21 Jul 2017 10:32:07 GMT Server: Apache/2.4.27 (Unix) PHP/7.1.6 Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 [[email protected] ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4/logs/ 123.com-access_log abc.com-access_20170721.log abc.com-error_log error_log 123.com-error_log abc.com-access_log access_log httpd.pid
可以看到生成了一個新的日誌文件，後期可以制作一個任務計劃，刪除過期的日誌文件，以防磁盤空間不足。
本文出自 “Gorilla Grodd” 博客，請務必保留此出處http://juispan.blog.51cto.com/943137/1952820
LAMP-Apache訪問日誌