python_如何為創建大量實例節省內存?
阿新 • • 發佈:2017-08-04
pri object 大量 sizeof time gets __init__ 屬性 __slots__
案例:
某網絡遊戲中,定義了玩家類Player(id, name, status,....),每有一個在線玩家,在服務器程序內有一個Player的實例,當在線人數很多時,將產生大量實例(百萬級別)
需求:
如何降低這些大量實例的內存開銷?
如何做?
首先要明白,python中的類可以動態的添加屬性,實則在內存中有個__dict__方法維護了這種動態添加屬性,它占有內存,把它關掉,不就達到省內存要求了?
#!/usr/bin/python3 import time import sys class Player(object): def __init__(self, id, name, status): self.id = id self.name = name self.status = status if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: player_1 = Player(1, ‘bei_bei‘, ‘上線‘) print(player_1.__dict__) print(‘_‘ * 100) # 動態裝配屬性 player_1.money = 10000 player_1.__dict__[‘time‘] = time.time() print(player_1.__dict__) print(player_1.money, player_1.time) print(‘_‘ * 100) # 打印__dict__占用的內存空間 print(‘dict方法占用內存:‘, sys.getsizeof(player_1.__dict__)) print(‘_‘*100) # 動態刪除屬性 print(player_1.__dict__) del player_1.__dict__[‘time‘] del player_1.money print(player_1.__dict__)
通過__slots__屬性,聲明實例屬性名字的列表
#!/usr/bin/python3 class Player(object): # 通過slots方法指定類的定長屬性 __slots__ = [‘id‘, ‘name‘, ‘status‘] def __init__(self, id, name, status): self.id = id self.name = name self.status = status if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: player_1 = Player(1, ‘bei_bei‘, ‘上線‘) print(player_1.id, player_1.name, player_1.status) # 嘗試輸出__dict__屬性,發現沒有,就無法動態的裝配類屬性,達到省內存的目的 try: print(player_1.__dict__) except Exception as e: print(e)
python_如何為創建大量實例節省內存?