RMAN配置
$ rman target / 或rman target [email protected]
RMAN> show all;查看系統裏所有備份的配置
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP On;打開控制文件自動備份
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP clear; 恢復默認
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup;
SQL> desc v$backup_set 瀏覽器中也可以查看
自動通道管理：
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;
$ mkdir /home/oracle/disk1 /home/oracle/disk2
RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk1‘;
RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk2‘;
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;
恢復默認
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK clear;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 device type disk clear;
RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 device type disk clear;
手動通道管理：
RMAN> run {
allocate channel c1 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk1‘;
allocate channel c2 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk2‘;
backup tablespace users, example;
或
backup (tablespace users channel c1)(tablespace example channel c2);
}
backup section size 500M datafile 1;
指定備份格式：
RMAN> backup tablespace users;生成標準備份集
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset tablespace users;生成壓縮備份集
RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users;生成鏡像文件備份集
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;查看備份信息
RMAN> list copy of tablespace users;
備份的加密：
RMAN備份
不歸檔 歸檔
online offline online offline
完全部分完全部分完全部分完全部分
shutdown nomount mount open
Backup 備份 datafile 數據文件 tablespace表空間 database數據庫
備份數據文件：
SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files;
RMAN> backup datafile 4;
RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;
RMAN> backup datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf‘;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;逗號分隔
RMAN> backup database;
RMAN> list backup;
desc v$backup_set，瀏覽器查看備份
增量備份：
RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;incremental 增量的 level固定的後面一定要跟上
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t2 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
開啟塊跟蹤：
SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file ‘/home/oracle/blk_trk.chg‘;
需要重新連接會話
SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;
SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;
SQL> create table t3(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t3 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;
SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;
SQL> alter database disable block change tracking; 關閉
增量更新：
SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;
SQL> insert into t1 values (1);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第一次創建的是0級備份
RMAN> list copy; 記錄time和scn
SQL> insert into t1 values (2);
SQL> commit;
RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第2次創建的是1級備份
RMAN> list backup; backupset格式
RMAN>recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;恢復
RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新
腳本形式：
RMAN> run {
backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users;
recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;
}
備份歸檔日誌：
RMAN> list archivelog all;
RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;
RMAN>list archivelog all; 查看所有歸檔日誌
RMAN> list backup;
備份的維護：
查看：
RMAN> list backup;
RMAN> list copy;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;
RMAN> list archivelog all;
檢查備份：
RMAN> delete backup; 刪除備份 report：報告
RMAN> delete copy;
RMAN> list backup; list copy;
RMAN> report need backup; 根據策略檢查
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;
RMAN> report obsolete;
刪除備份：
RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users;
RMAN> delete backupset 1234;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> show all;
RMAN> delete obsolete;
crosscheck:
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> backup tablespace users;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名
RMAN> restore datafile 4; 報錯
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 報廢狀態
RMAN> list expired backup;
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢復原名
RMAN> crosscheck backup;
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用狀態
RMAN> delete expired backup;
catalog:
$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 復制
RMAN> delete backup;
RMAN> list backup; backupset消失
$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢復原名
RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;
RMAN> list backup; backupset恢復
RMAN配置