RedHat7.3搭建KVM

阿新 • • 發佈：2017-09-01

2.4 define route oca 桌面環境 conn 輸入密碼 rtu utils

RedHat7.3搭建KVM

1. 宿主機安裝RedHat7.3系統

1.1選擇語言

中文、簡體中文（中國）

1.2安裝位置

1.2.1自定義分區，選擇LVM，將分區空間全部分配給根

1.2.2禁用Kdump

2.安裝KVM

2.1安裝前準備

2.1.1配置yum源

2.1.2防火墻處理

setenforce 0

sed -i ‘s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g‘ /etc/sysconfig/selinux

systemctl disable firewalld

systemctl stop firewalld

2.2安裝GNOME桌面環境

yum -y groupinstall "X Window System"

yum install gnome-classic-session gnome-terminal nautilus-open-terminal control-center liberation-mono-fonts –y

2.2.1設置默認以桌面啟動

將/etc/inittab中的

#graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5

修改為

graphical.target: analogous to runlevel 5

systemctl set-default graphical.target

2.3安裝vncserver

2.3.2安裝vncserver

yum -y install vnc *vnc-server*

2.3.3設置密碼

[[email protected] ~]# vncserver

You will require a password to access your desktops.

Password:***** ###輸入密碼

Verify:***** ###確認密碼

2.3.4啟動服務

vncserver :1

2.3.5停止服務

vncserver –kill :1

2.4安裝KVM

2.4.1查看主機是否支持VT

cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep vmx #intel cpu
cat /proc/cpuinfo |grep svm # amd cpu

#如果flags: 裏有vmx 或者svm就說明支持VT；如果沒有任何的輸出，說明你的cpu不支持，將無法使用KVM虛擬機

2.4.2確保BIOS裏開啟VT: Intel(R) Virtualization Tech [Enabled] 使用如下命令

[[email protected] ~]# lsmod | grep kvm

kvm_intel 170181 0

kvm 554609 1 kvm_intel

irqbypass 13503 1 kvm

2.4.3橋接網絡

安裝bridge-utils ，用來管理網橋的工具brctl

yum -y install bridge-utils

2.4.4安裝qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install virt-manager

yum -y install qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install virt-manager openssh-askpass

2.4.5配置修改

/etc/libvirt/qemu.conf

將

dynamic_ownership=1

#user = "root"

#group = "root"

修改為

dynamic_ownership=0

user = "root"

group = "root"

2.4.6重啟服務設置開機自啟動

systemctl restart libvirtd

systemctl enable libvirtd

2.4.7修改網絡配置文件

nmcli c add type bridge autoconnect yes con-name br0 ifname br0

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0

DEVICE=br0

STP=yes

BRIDGING_OPTS=priority=32768

TYPE=Bridge

BOOTPROTO=none

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

NAME=br0

ONBOOT=yes

IPADDR=192.161.14.247

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=192.161.14.1

[[email protected] network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-ens192

TYPE=Ethernet

BOOTPROTO=none

BRIDGE=br0

DEFROUTE=yes

PEERDNS=yes

PEERROUTES=yes

NAME=ens192

UUID=89e79501-94d5-4e32-a215-dad967527107

DEVICE=ens192

ONBOOT=yes

重啟網絡systemctl restart network

查看網絡

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens192: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br0 state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:83:03:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

3: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:26:16:70 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:26:16:70 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

7: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:50:56:83:03:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.161.14.247/24 brd 192.161.14.255 scope global br0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fd3c:dfbd:20c3:d000:250:56ff:fe83:36a/64 scope global mngtmpaddr dynamic

valid_lft 7094sec preferred_lft 3494sec

inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe83:36a/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.5各宿主機實現雙機互信

ssh-keygen -t rsa

#生產公鑰、私鑰

b)同步各宿主機/root/.ssh/authorized_keys配置文件

2.6配置vlan

2.6.1設置開機啟動加載8021q模塊

echo ‘/usr/sbin/modprobe 8021q’ >> /etc/rc.local

chmod +x /etc/rc.local

2.6.2上傳vconfig-1.9-8.1.el6.x86_64.rpm用於創建vlan

rpm -ivh vonfig-1.9-8.1.el6.x86_64.rpm

2.6.3創建vlan140

[[email protected] network-scripts]# vconfig add eno1 140

Added VLAN with VID == 140 to IF -:eno1:

命令格式如下：

vconfig add 物理網卡名 vlanid

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eno2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

4: eno3: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

5: eno4: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

45: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

#多了一個eno1.140的虛擬網卡

c)創建相應虛擬網卡配置文件和橋接配置文件

d)重啟網卡

[[email protected] network-scripts]# service network restart

Restarting network (via systemctl): [ OK ]

e)查看網橋綁定情況

[[email protected] network-scripts]# brctl show

bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces

br0 8000.30e17155a8f4 yes eno1

br140 8000.30e17155a8f4 yes eno1.140

br20 8000.30e17155a8f4 yes eno1.20

vnet1

virbr0 8000.5254009c7586 yes virbr0-nic

#網橋綁定成功

f)查看網橋是否運行正常

[[email protected] network-scripts]# ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq master br0 state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eno2: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

4: eno3: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

5: eno4: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc mq state DOWN qlen 1000

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

8: br20: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.4.100/24 brd 172.16.4.255 scope global br20

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

9: virbr0: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN

link/ether 52:54:00:9c:75:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

10: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 500

link/ether 52:54:00:9c:75:86 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

40: vnet1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master br20 state UNKNOWN qlen 500

link/ether fe:54:00:f3:1a:6a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fef3:1a6a/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

45: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br140 state UP

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

46: br0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.161.14.247/24 brd 192.161.14.255 scope global br0

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fd3c:dfbd:20c3:d000:32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope global mngtmpaddr dynamic

valid_lft 7004sec preferred_lft 3404sec

inet6 fd51:8056:6705:0:32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope global mngtmpaddr dynamic

valid_lft 7200sec preferred_lft 1800sec

inet6 fd51:8056:6705:4:32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope global mngtmpaddr dynamic

valid_lft 7200sec preferred_lft 1800sec

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

47: br140: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 172.16.4.40/24 brd 172.16.4.255 scope global br140

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

48: [email protected]: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master br20 state UP

link/ether 30:e1:71:55:a8:f4 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet6 fe80::32e1:71ff:fe55:a8f4/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

#運行正常

3.虛機遷移

virsh migrate --live rhel7.3 qemu+ssh://192.161.14.250/system

3.1查看虛擬機磁盤格式

[[email protected] images]# qemu-img info redhat7.3

image: redhat7.3

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 60G (64424509440 bytes)

disk size: 1.3G

cluster_size: 65536

Format specific information:

compat: 1.1

lazy refcounts: true

3.2克隆模板的磁盤文件

[[email protected] images]# qemu-img create -f qcow2 -b redhat7.3 KVM2-VM1

###克隆格式為qcow2

Formatting ‘KVM2-VM1‘, fmt=qcow2 size=64424509440 backing_file=‘redhat7.3‘ encryption=off cluster_size=65536 lazy_refcounts=off

3.3克隆模板的配置文件

virsh dumpxml rhel7.3 > /etc/libvirt/qemu/KVM2-VM1.xml

###其中rhel7.3為模板文件的名字，KVM2-VM1為要生成模板文件名字，註意跟前面的磁盤文件名保持一致

3.4刪除網卡的MAC、模板虛擬機的UUID

3.5修改磁盤名稱

3.6修改虛擬機name

3.7重新定義一個虛擬機

[[email protected] qemu]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/KVM2-VM1.xml

Domain KVM2-VM1 defined from /etc/libvirt/qemu/KVM2-VM1.xml

3.8遷移報錯

Error starting domain: internal error: process exited while connecting to monitor: 2017-08-29T05:09:58.146446Z qemu-kvm: -chardev socket,id=charchannel0,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-rhel7.3/org.qemu.guest_agent.0,server,nowait: Failed to bind socket: No such file or directory

2017-08-29T05:09:58.146488Z qemu-kvm: -chardev socket,id=charchannel0,path=/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/domain-rhel7.3/org.qemu.guest_agent.0,server,nowait: chardev: opening backend "socket" failed

創建該目錄/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/channel/target/下相應目錄問題就可解決

3.9虛擬克隆到遷移步驟

3.9.1利用virt-mangaer克隆

技術分享

#選擇要克隆的主機（該主機必須是關閉或Pause狀態）

技術分享

#設置要克隆的虛機名稱，Storage，選擇Details(這裏不要選擇默認的，否則會導致主機名跟磁盤名不一致，不便於管理)

技術分享

#設置虛機機磁盤位置、名稱，這裏要求跟虛擬機名字一致

技術分享

#選擇克隆即可

技術分享

#克隆完畢之後，即可看到虛擬機列表

3.9.2virt-clone命令克隆

a)克隆命令格式

virt-clone -o 源虛機名 -n 目標虛機名 -f /var/lib/libvirt/images/目標虛擬機名

b)列出宿主機所有虛擬機

[[email protected] qemu]# virsh list --all

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

16 rhel7.3 paused

- KVM2-VM1 shut off

- KVM2-VM2 shut off

- KVM2-VM3 shut off

- KVM2-VM5 shut off

- KVM2-VM6 shut off

- KVM2-VM7 shut off

c)克隆虛機KVM2-VM8

[[email protected] qemu]# virt-clone -o rhel7.3 -n KVM2-VM8 -f /var/lib/libvirt/images/KVM2-Vm8

WARNING Setting the graphics device port to autoport, in order to avoid conflicting.

Allocating ‘KVM2-Vm8‘ | 60 GB 00:00:02

Clone ‘KVM2-VM8‘ created successfully.

d)檢查是否創建成功

[[email protected] target]# virsh list --all

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

16 rhel7.3 paused

- KVM2-VM1 shut off

- KVM2-VM2 shut off

- KVM2-VM3 shut off

- KVM2-VM5 shut off

- KVM2-VM6 shut off

- KVM2-VM7 shut off

- KVM2-VM8 shut off

3.9.3虛擬機靜態遷移

a)將虛擬機KVM2-VM8遷移到宿主機KVM2上

b)遷移配置文件

[[email protected] target]# scp /etc/libvirt/qemu/KVM2-VM8.xml [email protected]:/etc/libvirt/qemu/

KVM2-VM8.xml

c)遷移鏡像文件

[[email protected] target]# scp /var/lib/libvirt/images/KVM2-VM [email protected]:/var/lib/libvirt/images/

d)激活配置文件

[[email protected] target]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/KVM2-VM8.xml

e)查看宿主機虛機情況

[[email protected] target]# virsh list --all

Id Name State

----------------------------------------------------

- KVM2-VM1 shut off

- KVM2-VM2 shut off

- KVM2-VM3 shut off

- KVM2-VM5 shut off

- KVM2-VM6 shut off

- KVM2-VM8 shut off

#遷移成功

參考

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-12/126690.htm ###安裝桌面

http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-07/132835.htm ###vnc安裝

http://blog.csdn.net/skykingf/article/details/51944455 ###安裝kvm1

http://www.cnblogs.com/lvxiaobo616/p/5704646.html ###安裝kvm2

http://blog.csdn.net/qq_19646075/article/details/51780530 ###虛機遷移1

http://www.cnblogs.com/sammyliu/p/4572287.html ###虛機遷移2

備註

如在虛擬機中測試，網卡一定選擇成混雜模式，否則，在虛機獲取橋接網絡時，會獲取不到

RedHat7.3搭建KVM

2.4 define route oca 桌面環境 conn 輸入密碼 rtu utils RedHat7.3搭建KVM 1. 宿主機安裝RedHat7.3系統 1.1選擇語言中文、簡體中文（中國） 1.2安裝位置 1.2.1自定義分區，選擇LVM，將分區空間全部分配給根

RedHat7.3搭建KVM

RedHat7.3搭建KVM

1. 宿主機安裝RedHat7.3系統

1.1選擇語言

1.2安裝位置

1.2.1自定義分區，選擇LVM，將分區空間全部分配給根

1.2.2禁用Kdump

2.安裝KVM

2.1安裝前準備

2.1.1配置yum源

2.1.2防火墻處理

2.2安裝GNOME桌面環境

2.3安裝vncserver

2.3.2安裝vncserver

2.3.3設置密碼

2.3.4啟動服務

2.3.5停止服務

2.4安裝KVM

2.4.1查看主機是否支持VT

2.4.2確保BIOS裏開啟VT: Intel(R) Virtualization Tech [Enabled] 使用如下命令

2.4.3橋接網絡

2.4.4安裝qemu-kvm libvirt virt-install virt-manager

2.4.5配置修改

2.4.6重啟服務設置開機自啟動

2.4.7修改網絡配置文件

2.5各宿主機實現雙機互信

2.6配置vlan

2.6.1設置開機啟動加載8021q模塊

2.6.2上傳vconfig-1.9-8.1.el6.x86_64.rpm用於創建vlan

2.6.3創建vlan140

3.虛機遷移

3.1查看虛擬機磁盤格式

3.2克隆模板的磁盤文件

3.3克隆模板的配置文件

3.4刪除網卡的MAC、模板虛擬機的UUID

3.5修改磁盤名稱

3.6修改虛擬機name

3.7重新定義一個虛擬機

3.8遷移報錯

3.9虛擬克隆到遷移步驟

3.9.1利用virt-mangaer克隆

3.9.2virt-clone命令克隆

3.9.3虛擬機靜態遷移

參考

備註

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