java 核心編程——IO流之字符流(三)
阿新 • • 發佈:2017-09-13
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1.字符流
1.1 所有文件的存儲都是字節的存儲,我們日常在磁盤上保存的其實並不是文件的字符,而是先把字符轉換成字節,再把這些字節儲存到磁盤。在讀取文件時,也是一個字節一個字節的讀取,然後生成字節的序列。
1.2 字節流可以處理任何對象,但是字符流呢,、只用來處理字符或者字符串。可以這樣說,字節流呢,提供了最基本IO功能,可以處理任何IO操作,但是有一點,不可以直接處理Unicode字符,為什麽呢,因為Unicode字符是一個單元為2個字節的字符,而字節流的處理單元為1個字節,字符流是由Java虛擬機將字節轉化為2個字節的Unicode字符為單位的字符形成的。如果使用字節流直接處理Unicode字符的話,由於各種編碼實現的不同,就很容易出現亂碼。
1.3實例上,我們日常處理的很多數據,都是文本,所以我們在字節流之外呢,又提出了字符流的概念,直接按照Java虛擬機的encode來處理,也就是在輸出流和輸入流之間 進行字符集的轉換。
2.java字符流實現結構
1.輸入字符流
2.輸出字符流
3.字符流常用類
3.1 字符數組輸入輸出流(CharArrayReader和CharArrayWriter)
package se.io; import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.String; import java.io.CharArrayReader;import java.io.CharArrayWriter; import java.io.IOException; public class CharArrayTest { public static void main(String[] args) { char[] chars = new char[3]; chars[0] = 100; chars[1] = 101; chars[2] = 102; CharArrayReader charArrayReader = new CharArrayReader(chars);try { char[] buf = new char[1024]; charArrayReader.read(buf); CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter(); charArrayWriter.write(buf); System.out.println(charArrayWriter.toString()); charArrayWriter.close(); charArrayReader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.2文件輸入輸出流(FileWriter和FileReader)
package se.io; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileReader; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.IOException; public class FileCharTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("E:\\test\\data.txt"); char[] chars = new char[1024]; int i = fileReader.read(chars); FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\test\\filewriter.txt"); fileWriter.write(chars,0,i); fileWriter.close(); fileReader.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.3管道輸入輸出流(PipedReader 和 PipedWriter)
package se.io; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PipedReader; import java.io.PipedWriter; public class PipedChar { public static void main(String[] args) { SenderChar senderChar = new SenderChar(); PipedWriter pipedWriter = senderChar.getWriter(); ReceiverChar receiverChar = new ReceiverChar(); PipedReader pipedReader =receiverChar.getReader(); try { pipedWriter.connect(pipedReader); senderChar.start(); receiverChar.start(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //創建發送者類 class SenderChar extends Thread{ private PipedWriter writer = new PipedWriter(); public PipedWriter getWriter() { return writer; } public void run(){ String s = new String("hello,world"); try { writer.write(s); writer.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } //創建接受者 class ReceiverChar extends Thread{ private PipedReader reader = new PipedReader(); public PipedReader getReader() { return reader; } public void run(){ String s= null; char[] chars = new char[1024]; try { int i = reader.read(chars); s = new String(chars,0,i); System.out.println(s); reader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.4緩存輸入輸出流(BufferedReader 和BufferedWriter)
package se.io; import java.io.*; public class BufferWriterTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //構建文件輸入輸出字符流,如果指定文件不存在,則自動生成。 FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("E:\\test\\data.txt"); FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\test\\data2.txt"); //構建過濾緩存流 BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader); BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter); //緩存數組 char[] chars = new char[1024]; int offset = 0 ; //讀取字符 while(bufferedReader.ready()) { offset = bufferedReader.read(chars); } //輸出字符 bufferedWriter.write(chars,0,offset); //關閉流 bufferedWriter.close(); bufferedReader.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3.5格式化輸出流(PrinterWriter)
package se.io; import java.io.FileWriter; import java.io.FilterWriter; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Date; public class PrintWriterTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //創建文件輸出流 FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("E:\\test\\data3.txt"); //創建格式化對象輸出流 PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(fileWriter); //寫入數據 printWriter.printf("%1$tY年%1$tm月%1$td日", new Date()); printWriter.print(123); printWriter.print(12.32); //關閉流 printWriter.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
java 核心編程——IO流之字符流(三)