自動化工具ansible的安裝和使用
自動化工具ansible的安裝和使用
操作系統:centos6.8
服務端ip:192.168.137.142
客戶端ip: 192.168.137.34 192.168.137.33
安裝ansible
rpm -ivh http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum clean all
yum repolist
yum install -y ansible
生成秘鑰,讓服務端和客戶端能進行免密鑰
ssh-keygen -t dsa #一路按回車鍵即可
cat /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 600 /root/.ssh/authorized_keys
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
#按回車鍵,然後輸入yes,最後輸入客戶端的服務器密碼
ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
#按回車鍵,然後輸入yes,最後輸入客戶端的服務器密碼
配置ansible
# vim /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[defaults]
hostfile =/etc/ansible/hosts
library =/usr/share/ansible
remote_tmp =$HOME/.ansible/tmp
pattern = *
forks = 5
poll_interval = 15
sudo_user = root
transport = smart
remote_port = 22
timeout = 10
添加主機
# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
[test] #自定義主機組名
192.168.137.34 #添加客戶端的免密鑰登錄ip
192.168.137.33
3.常用模塊使用
(1).setup
#用來查看遠程主機的一些基本信息
ansible test -m setup #有綠色內容顯示為執行成功
(主機組) (模塊)
(2).ping
#用來測試遠程主機的運行狀態
ansible test -m ping
192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
(3).file
#設置文件的屬性
相關選項如下:
force:需要在兩種情況下強制創建軟鏈接,一種是源文件不存在,但之後會建立的情況下;另一種是目標軟鏈接已存在,需要先取消之前的軟鏈,然後創建新的軟鏈,有兩個選項:yes|no
group: 定義文件/目錄的屬組
mode: 定義文件/目錄的權限
owner: 定義文件/目錄的屬主
path: 必選項,定義文件/目錄的路徑
recurse:遞歸設置文件的屬性,只對目錄有效
src: 被鏈接的源文件路徑,只應用於state=link的情況
dest: 被鏈接到的路徑,只應用於state=link的情況
state:
directory:如果目錄不存在,就創建目錄
file:即使文件不存在,也不會被創建
link:創建軟鏈接
hard:創建硬鏈接
touch:如果文件不存在,則會創建一個新的文件,如果文件或目錄已存在,則更新其最後修改時間
absent:刪除目錄、文件或者取消鏈接文件
例子:
# 遠程文件符號鏈接創建,當客戶端在/home目錄存在文件test_a,並且其他用戶擁有執行權限,顯示綠色為執行成功
ansible test -m file -a "src=/home/test_a dest=/tmp/test_a state=link"
192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"dest": "/tmp/test_a",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 12,
"src": "/home/test_a",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"dest": "/tmp/test_a",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"mode": "0777",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0",
"size": 12,
"src": "/home/test_a",
"state": "link",
"uid": 0
}
#遠程文件信息查看
ansible test -m command -a "ls -l /home/test_a"
192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 14209 Sep 13 05:11 /home/test_a
192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 12 Sep 13 10:34 /home/test_a
## 將本地文件“/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg”復制到遠程服務器
ansible test -m copy -a "src=/etc/ansible/ansible.cfg dest=/tmp/ansible.cfg owner=root group=root mode=0644"
192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "1b4bbebae90acabf3b33da80ddcb2b4564a8d323",
"dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "56d60e05c5f0e6c503b82403281dbbcf",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 18307,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1505325737.38-134417600986364/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": true,
"checksum": "1b4bbebae90acabf3b33da80ddcb2b4564a8d323",
"dest": "/tmp/ansible.cfg",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "56d60e05c5f0e6c503b82403281dbbcf",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0",
"size": 18307,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1505325737.34-166041859775381/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
dest:必選項。要將源文件復制到的遠程主機的絕對路徑,如果源文件是一個目錄,那麽該路徑也必須是個目錄
src:被復制到遠程主機的本地文件,可以是絕對路徑,也可以是相對路徑。如果路徑是一個目錄,它將遞歸復制。在這種情況下,如果路徑使用“/”來結尾,則只復制目錄裏的內容,如果沒有使用“/”來結尾,則包含目錄在內的整個內容全部復制,類似於rsync。
(4).shell
## 切換到某個shell執行指定的指令
例子:
# 先在本地創建一個SHELL腳本
# vim /tmp/a.sh
#!/bin/sh
echo "hello"
#chmod +x /tmp/a.sh
# 將創建的腳本文件分發到遠程
ansible test -m copy -a "src=/tmp/a.sh dest=/tmp/a.sh owner=root group=root mode=0755"
## 遠程執行
ansible test -m shell -a "/tmp/a.sh"
192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hello
192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
hello
Ansinle的Playbooks
例子:
vim /etc/ansible/test.yml
- name: create_user
hosts: test
user: root
gather_facts: false
vars:
- user: "testyml"
tasks:
- name: create {{ user }}
sudo: yes
user: name="{{ user }}"
註意:
name參數對該playbook實現的功能做一個概述,後面執行過程中,會打印 name變量的值 ,可以省略;
gather_facts參數指定了在以下任務部分執行前,是否先執行setup模塊獲取主機相關信息,這在後面的task會使用到setup獲取的信息時用到;
vars參數指定了變量,這裏指字一個user變量,其值為test ,需要註意的是,變量值一定要用引號引住;
user提定了調用user模塊,name是user模塊裏的一個參數,而增加的用戶名字調用了上面user變量的值。
執行:
cd /etc/ansible/
ansible-playbook test.yml
[DEPRECATION WARNING]: Instead of sudo/sudo_user, use become/become_user and make sure become_method is ‘sudo‘ (default).
This feature will be removed in a future release.
Deprecation warnings can be disabled by setting deprecation_warnings=False in ansible.cfg.
PLAY [create_user] ***********************************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [create testyml] ********************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.137.33]
changed: [192.168.137.34]
PLAY RECAP *******************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.137.33 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.137.34 : ok=1 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
檢查:
ansible 192.168.137.33 -m shell -a "id testyml"
[[email protected] ansible]# ansible 192.168.137.33 -m shell -a "id testyml"
192.168.137.33 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
uid=501(testyml) gid=501(testyml) groups=501(testyml)
[[email protected] ansible]# ansible 192.168.137.34 -m shell -a "id testyml"
192.168.137.34 | SUCCESS | rc=0 >>
uid=501(testyml) gid=501(testyml) groups=501(testyml)
本文出自 “Linux修仙之路” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://8999a.blog.51cto.com/11385098/1965139
自動化工具ansible的安裝和使用