0929誤刪除innodb ibdata數據文件
今天在群裏看到有人說不熟悉innodb把ibdata(數據文件)和ib_logfile(事務日誌)文件誤刪除了。不知道怎麽解決。當時我也不知道怎麽辦。後來查閱相關資料。終找到解決方法。其實恢復也挺簡單的。我們不知道的時候就覺得難了。誰說不是這樣呢?
下面我們就來模擬生產環境下,人為刪除數據文件和重做日誌文件。然後詳細說明恢復步驟。
1.用sysbench模擬數據的寫入,如下所示:
[[email protected] ~]# sysbench --test=oltp --oltp-table-size=1000000 --oltp-read-only=off --init-rng=on --num-threads=16 --max-requests=0 --oltp-dist-type=uniform --max-time=1800 --mysql-user=root --mysql-socket=/tmp/mysqld.sock --mysql-password=123456 --db-driver=mysql --mysql-table-engine=innodb --oltp-test-mode=complex prepare sysbench 0.4.10: multi-threaded system evaluation benchmark Creating table ‘sbtest‘... Creating 1000000 records in table ‘sbtest‘...
2.使用命令rm -f ib*刪除數據文件和事務日誌文件:
[[email protected] mysql]# ls employees ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000003 mysql-bin.000008 performance_schema world_innodb yayun-mysql-server.pid general.log menagerie mysql-bin.000004 mysql-bin.000009 sakila world_myisam host mysql mysql-bin.000005 mysql-bin.000010 sbtest xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb ibdata1 mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000006 mysql-bin.index slow-query.log yayun ib_logfile0 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000007 percona test yayun-mysql-server.err [[email protected] mysql]# rm -f ib* [[email protected] mysql]#
下面我們來看看如何恢復:
若此時發現數據庫還能正常工作,數據依然可讀可寫,切記:這個時候千萬不要把mysqld進程殺死,否則真沒法挽救了,你就等著哭吧。
([email protected] 20:42:25pm> ) [yayun]>select * from t1; +----+-------+ | id | name | +----+-------+ | 1 | yayun | | 2 | atlas | | 3 | mysql | +----+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) ([email protected] 20:42:28pm> ) [yayun]>insert into t1 select 4,‘python‘; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 ([email protected] 20:42:48pm> ) [yayun]>select * from t1; +----+--------+ | id | name | +----+--------+ | 1 | yayun | | 2 | atlas | | 3 | mysql | | 4 | python | +----+--------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) ([email protected] 20:42:50pm> ) [yayun]>
我這裏讀寫都正常。所以我們能夠恢復成功的。
(1)首先,先找到mysqld進程的pid,如下所示:
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -nltp | grep mysqld tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 5725/mysqld [[email protected] ~]#
可見mysqld的pid是5725,這一步是關鍵的一步。
(2)使用如下命令查看結果(非常重要)
[[email protected] ~]# ll /proc/5725/fd | egrep ‘ib_|ibdata‘ lrwx------. 1 root root 64 Apr 30 20:44 10 -> /data/mysql/ib_logfile1 (deleted) lrwx------. 1 root root 64 Apr 30 20:44 4 -> /data/mysql/ibdata1 (deleted) lrwx------. 1 root root 64 Apr 30 20:44 9 -> /data/mysql/ib_logfile0 (deleted) [[email protected] ~]#
這裏有相關很重要的知識,童鞋們自行查閱,刪除一個文件時,並不是真正刪除,而是打一個標記,同樣在我們mysql數據庫中,delete一條記錄實際的刪除操作也沒有發生。
上面顯示的結果中,其中10,4,9就是我們需要恢復的文件。
(3)在恢復文件前,需要執行flush tables with read lock,確保數據庫沒有寫入操作,以便我們完成恢復
([email protected] 20:55:26pm> ) [(none)]>flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ([email protected] 20:55:31pm> ) [(none)]>
那麽我們如何確定沒有數據寫入呢?分幾個步驟查看
(1)設置臟頁刷新比例(讓臟頁盡快刷新到磁盤)
([email protected] 20:55:31pm> ) [(none)]>set global innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) ([email protected] 20:57:42pm> ) [(none)]>
(2)查看binlog日誌寫入情況,確保File和Position的值沒有發生變化
([email protected] 20:57:42pm> ) [(none)]>show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000010 | 61704130 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) ([email protected] 20:59:11pm> ) [(none)]>
(3)查看innodb狀態信息,確保臟頁已經刷新到磁盤
([email protected] 20:59:11pm> ) [(none)]>show engine innodb status\G ------------ TRANSACTIONS ------------ Trx id counter B9E0F Purge done for trx‘s n:o < B9E0C undo n:o < 0 #確保後臺線程purge把undo log全部清刷掉 ------------------------------------- INSERT BUFFER AND ADAPTIVE HASH INDEX ------------------------------------- Ibuf: size 1, free list len 2543, seg size 2545, 0 merges #確保合並插入緩存等於1 --- LOG --- Log sequence number 6173930288 Log flushed up to 6173930288 #確保這裏三個值保持一致,並且不再變化 Last checkpoint at 6173930288 Buffer pool size 65534 Free buffers 50513 Database pages 15020 Old database pages 5506 Modified db pages 0 #確保臟頁數量為0 -------------- ROW OPERATIONS -------------- 0 queries inside InnoDB, 0 queries in queue 1 read views open inside InnoDB Main thread process no. 5725, id 140014471358208, state: waiting for server activity Number of rows inserted 1000004, updated 1995, deleted 0, read 2008 0.00 inserts/s, 0.00 updates/s, 0.00 deletes/s, 0.00 reads/s #確保插入,更新,刪除為0
上面我們都確認後,就可以進行恢復操作了。記得前面我們查看要恢復的文件的命令吧,我們的mysqld進程的pid是5725,我們再次看看需要恢復的文件
[[email protected] ~]# ll /proc/5725/fd | egrep ‘ib_|ibdata‘ lrwx------. 1 root root 64 Apr 30 20:44 10 -> /data/mysql/ib_logfile1 (deleted) lrwx------. 1 root root 64 Apr 30 20:44 4 -> /data/mysql/ibdata1 (deleted) lrwx------. 1 root root 64 Apr 30 20:44 9 -> /data/mysql/ib_logfile0 (deleted) [[email protected] ~]#
把10,4,9文件cp到原來mysql的數據目錄下:
[[email protected] ~]# cd /proc/5725/fd [[email protected] fd]# cp 10 /data/mysql/ib_logfile1 [[email protected] fd]# cp 4 /data/mysql/ibdata1 [[email protected] fd]# cp 9 /data/mysql/ib_logfile0 [[email protected] fd]#
修改文件權限
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/mysql [[email protected] mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql ib* [[email protected] mysql]# ll | egrep ‘ib_|ibdata1‘ -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 866123776 Apr 30 21:13 ibdata1 -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 67108864 Apr 30 21:13 ib_logfile0 -rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 67108864 Apr 30 21:11 ib_logfile1 [[email protected] mysql]#
重啟mysql,修復完成
[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL... [ OK ] Starting MySQL.... [ OK ] [[email protected] mysql]#
註意:生產環境切勿測試,童鞋們可以自己開啟虛擬機進行測試。
0929誤刪除innodb ibdata數據文件