Git安裝與配置
(一)Git概述
Git是一款免費、開源的分布式版本控制系統,用於敏捷高效地處理任何或小或大的項目。
Git是一個開源的分布式版本控制系統,可以有效、高速的處理從很小到非常大的項目版本管理。[2] Git 是 Linus Torvalds 為了幫助管理 Linux 內核開發而開發的一個開放源碼的版本控制軟件。
Git 與常用的版本控制工具 CVS, Subversion 等不同,它采用了分布式版本庫的方式,不必服務器端軟件支持。
----------百度百科
Git 與 SVN 區別點:
1、GIT是分布式的,SVN是集中式的:這是GIT和其它非分布式的版本控制系統,例如SVN,CVS等,最核心的區別。
2、GIT把內容按元數據方式存儲,而SVN是按文件:所有的資源控制系統都是把文件的元信息隱藏在一個類似.svn,.cvs等的文件夾裏。
3、GIT分支和SVN的分支不同:分支在SVN中一點不特別,就是版本庫中的另外的一個目錄。
4、GIT沒有一個全局的版本號,而SVN有:目前為止這是跟SVN相比GIT缺少的最大的一個特征。
5、GIT的內容完整性要優於SVN:GIT的內容存儲使用的是SHA-1哈希算法。這能確保代碼內容的完整性,確保在遇到磁盤故障和網絡問題時降低對版本庫的破壞。
(二)Git安裝
Git 的工作需要調用 curl,zlib,openssl,expat,libiconv 等庫的代碼,所以需要先安裝這些依賴工具。在有 yum 的系統上(比如 Fedora)或者有 apt-get 的系統上(比如 Debian 體系),可以用下面的命令安裝:
(1)Linux平臺上安裝(CentOS/Redhat)git服務端
1.#######安裝git所對應的編譯包 [[email protected] ~]# yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel > openssl-devel zlib-devel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * extras: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Package expat-devel-2.1.0-10.el7_3.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package 1:openssl-devel-1.0.1e-60.el7_3.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version Package zlib-devel-1.2.7-17.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: gettext-common-devel = 0.18.2.1-4.el7 for package: gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be installed base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 6.6 MB 00:00 --> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-35.el7.centos for package: libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 will be installed ---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-25.el7.centos will be updated --> Processing Dependency: libcurl = 7.29.0-25.el7.centos for package: curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 ---> Package libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-25.el7.centos will be updated ---> Package curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: gettext-devel x86_64 0.18.2.1-4.el7 base 315 k libcurl-devel x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 299 k Installing for dependencies: gettext-common-devel noarch 0.18.2.1-4.el7 base 368 k Updating for dependencies: curl x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 265 k libcurl x86_64 7.29.0-35.el7.centos base 218 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 2 Packages (+1 Dependent package) Upgrade ( 2 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.4 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/5): curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 265 kB 00:00 (2/5): gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch.rpm | 368 kB 00:00 (3/5): gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 315 kB 00:00 (4/5): libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 218 kB 00:00 (5/5): libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 299 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 6.0 MB/s | 1.4 MB 00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 1/7 Installing : gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch 2/7 Installing : gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 3/7 Updating : curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 4/7 Installing : libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 5/7 Cleanup : curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 6/7 Cleanup : libcurl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 7/7 Verifying : curl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 1/7 Verifying : gettext-common-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.noarch 2/7 Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 3/7 Verifying : gettext-devel-0.18.2.1-4.el7.x86_64 4/7 Verifying : libcurl-devel-7.29.0-35.el7.centos.x86_64 5/7 Verifying : libcurl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 6/7 Verifying : curl-7.29.0-25.el7.centos.x86_64 7/7 Installed: gettext-devel.x86_64 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 libcurl-devel.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos Dependency Installed: gettext-common-devel.noarch 0:0.18.2.1-4.el7 Dependency Updated: curl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos libcurl.x86_64 0:7.29.0-35.el7.centos Complete!
2.##########通過yum進行安裝 [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install git-core 已加載插件:fastestmirror 設置安裝進程 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * epel: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn 解決依賴關系 --> 執行事務檢查 ---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-4.el6_7.1 will be 升級 --> 處理依賴關系 git = 1.7.1-4.el6_7.1,它被軟件包 perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 需要 ---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be an update --> 執行事務檢查 ---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-4.el6_7.1 will be 升級 ---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be an update --> 完成依賴關系計算 依賴關系解決 ================================================================================ 軟件包 架構 版本 倉庫 大小 ================================================================================ 正在升級: git x86_64 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 4.6 M 為依賴而更新: perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 29 k 事務概要 ================================================================================ Upgrade 2 Package(s) 總下載量:4.6 M 下載軟件包: (1/2): git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:00 (2/2): perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 總計 889 kB/s | 4.6 MB 00:05 運行 rpm_check_debug 執行事務測試 事務測試成功 執行事務 正在升級 : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 1/4 正在升級 : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 2/4 清理 : perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 3/4 清理 : git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 2/4 Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.noarch 3/4 Verifying : git-1.7.1-4.el6_7.1.x86_64 4/4 更新完畢: git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 作為依賴被升級: perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 完畢!
3.########查看版本信息 [[email protected] ~]# git --version git version 1.8.3.1
4.創建git用戶,用來運行git服務 [[email protected] ~]# useradd git -s /sbin/nologin -M
5.創建客戶端登錄證書。一路回車即可,將生成的id_rsa.pub,復制給管理員,幫你在服務器上增加一下,下次你用git時就不需要輸入用戶名和密碼了。 [[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: f3:bb:45:5c:83:21:70:06:f0:ab:87:2c:9e:11:2e:68 [email protected] The key‘s randomart image is: +--[ RSA 2048]----+ | ..oo+ . | | . o . o | | . . o | | . . . . | | . S o | | . . o o o . | |.E. + + . . . | |. o + . o | | o o. | +-----------------+ [[email protected] ~]# cat /root/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvPX0EADLEd7PkDB2KvGssNFswZ4ovLZkuNDAH+425EtrpKn6cPjceb+yajqAd6bpXtzpp1ZbAusizlN4JulXdOPO8cj5yEoCqjkWzD0f0do3eybC+NE/jBFqgViNi6DQtAEmkzhqsSw/YKOStO09r/D2egv4J8DDF09ZQN0dibU7prRHRLkppTxhypw8xm9B6znPWnl0e1Yn64A/lYy/EVp2H4SpMknZhfcD0qpUZyWyO1LecP1rbiBOeak5UVYFzH7iJ++7RULi2VVnq93FpyLvVNQTLwm0s4RiiKZdRKflk6DP9sHPjZROD1+iXepHnyTAEungWRnmyjuYXVySgw== [email protected] ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAytLVeZyNACFK+/PjBXUvMHNJ7HiS/9bsTSIKQEhLRtMxOinexadnp/AlKQaUYEblIEi7FkXcCDTR18EefFu4wCptzMUs8W8kxw6u1TN0jx2Y+7Eo7MbH6MRuA9fehwgtiPdPbsMiu400LIq+zlZOvJY3E/QX3pvvAbbXhu61fraffFWSkGEyELOApacC0aJfnEBSYfcCa7flWGjvKhUCC1YJP/qn40X+l6sGJ/+ZTItETZ+r7IayQwpPpFMUt5hmIYgCE6V8eG/wN2VlBq24xnBk+wDVPwd5p++KwQT9xndcLQbecmBaqtdLF8OgMN0DngQatymP0jHZQHsxM3VmUw== [email protected] ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAvPX0EADLEd7PkDB2KvGssNFswZ4ovLZkuNDAH+425EtrpKn6cPjceb+yajqAd6bpXtzpp1ZbAusizlN4JulXdOPO8cj5yEoCqjkWzD0f0do3eybC+NE/jBFqgViNi6DQtAEmkzhqsSw/YKOStO09r/D2egv4J8DDF09ZQN0dibU7prRHRLkppTxhypw8xm9B6znPWnl0e1Yn64A/lYy/EVp2H4SpMknZhfcD0qpUZyWyO1LecP1rbiBOeak5UVYFzH7iJ++7RULi2VVnq93FpyLvVNQTLwm0s4RiiKZdRKflk6DP9sHPjZROD1+iXepHnyTAEungWRnmyjuYXVySgw== [email protected]
(2)安裝windos平臺的git客戶端
1,下載客戶端。下載地址如下:https://git-scm.com/downloads
2,windows安裝比較簡單基本上都是下一步下一步,見下圖
(3)安裝Linux平臺的git客戶端(https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/ 或者https://github.com/git/git/releases )
[[email protected] ~]# yum install git -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.7 kB 00:00 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 29 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 4.7 MB 00:00 Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl-Git = 1.7.1-9.el6_9 for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: rsync for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Git) for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Error) for package: git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 will be installed ---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 will be installed ---> Package rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-12.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Installing: git x86_64 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 4.6 M Installing for dependencies: perl-Error noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 base 29 k perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-9.el6_9 updates 29 k rsync x86_64 3.0.6-12.el6 base 335 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Install 4 Package(s) Total download size: 5.0 M Installed size: 15 M Downloading Packages: (1/4): git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:00 (2/4): perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 (3/4): perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00 (4/4): rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64.rpm | 335 kB 00:00 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 30 MB/s | 5.0 MB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 1/4 Installing : rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64 2/4 Installing : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 3/4 Installing : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-9.el6_9.noarch 3/4 Verifying : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 4/4 Installed: git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 Dependency Installed: perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-9.el6_9 rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-12.el6 Complete! [[email protected] ~]# git --version git version 1.7.1 [[email protected] ~]#
本文出自 “清風明月” 博客,請務必保留此出處http://liqingbiao.blog.51cto.com/3044896/1970979
Git安裝與配置