Heartbeat是High-Availability Linux Project (Linux下的高可用性項目)的產物，是一套提供防止業務主機因不可避免的意外性或計劃性宕機問題的高可用性軟件。Heartbeat可以從Linux-HA 項目Web 站點免費獲得，它提供了所有HA （高可用性）系統所需要的基本功能，如啟動和停止資源、監測群集中系統的可用性、在群集中的節點間轉移共享IP 地址的所有者等。它通過串行線、以太網接口或同時使用兩者來監測特定服務（或多個服務）的運行狀況。

Heartbeat實現了HA 功能中的核心功能——心跳，將Heartbeat軟件同時安裝在兩臺服務器上，用於監視系統的狀態，協調主從服務器的工作，維護系統的可用性。它能偵測服務器應用級系統軟件、硬件發生的故障，及時地進行錯誤隔絕、恢復；通過系統監控、服務監控、IP自動遷移等技術實現在整個應用中無單點故障，簡單、經濟地確保重要的服務持續高可用性。

Heartbeat采用虛擬IP地址映射技術實現主從服務器的切換對客戶端透明的功能。

實驗環境

centos6.5_x64

master eth0 192.168.1.128

eth1 192.168.1.129

slave eth0 192.168.1.130

eth1 192.168.1.131

vip 192.168.1.200

實驗軟件

epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

nginx.x86_64

heartbeat.x86_64

軟件安裝

rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

yum install -y libnet heartbeat* nginx* glib*

vim /etc/hosts

centos6 192.168.1.128 添加兩行配置 master/slave相同操作 uname -n名字

centos6-1 192.168.1.130

less /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

centos6 192.168.1.128

centos6-1 192.168.1.130

ssh-keygen -t rsa master/slave 相同操作

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa):

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

Enter same passphrase again:

Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys

scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/root/.ssh/authorized_keys ssh信任

scp /root/aa.txt [email protected]:/root/

aa.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00

scp /root/bb.txt [email protected]:/root/

bb.txt 100% 0 0.0KB/s 00:00

如果使用scp命令沒有提示輸入密碼表示ssh信任成功

service nginx start

chkconfig --level 35 nginx on

cd /usr/share/doc/heartbeat-3.0.4/ master/slave相同操作

cp authkeys ha.cf haresources /etc/ha.d/

vim /etc/ha.d/authkeys

#auth 1

#1 crc

#2 sha1 HI!

#3 md5 Hello! 找到

#auth 1

auth 3

#1 crc

#2 sha1 HI!

3 md5 Hello! 改為 第一種是CRC循環冗余校驗，第二種是SHA1哈希算法，第三種是MD3哈希算法

chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/authkeys

vim /etc/ha.d/haresources

centos6 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 nginx master端配置

centos6-1 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 nginx slave端配置

設定虛擬IP和對應的接口，並且指定啟動虛擬IP時啟動NGINX服務

vim /etc/ha.d/ha.cf

#debugfile /var/log/ha-debug 找到

debugfile /var/log/ha-debug 改為

touch /var/log/ha-debug

#logfile /var/log/ha-log 找到

logfile /var/log/ha-log 改為 日誌文件位置

touch /var/log/ha-log

logfacility local0

#keepalive 2 找到 檢查時間間隔

keepalive 2 改為

#deadtime 30 找到 設定死亡時間

deadtime 30 改為

#warntime 10 找到 設定告警時間

warntime 10 改為

#initdead 120 找到 設定初始化時間

initdead 20 改為

#udpport 694 找到

udpport 694 改為 udp端口號

#ucast eth0 192.168.1.2 找到

ucast eth1 192.168.1.131 改為 master端配置 eth1為心跳線ip 192.168.1.131為slave端ip

ucast eth1 192.168.1.129 改為 slave端配置 eth1為心跳線ip 192.168.1.129為master端ip

auto_failback on 找到 啟動搶占模式（主在掛了以後重新起來後備會自動切換成備）auto_failback auto_failback on 改為

node centos6 指定負載節點

node centos6-1

#ping 10.10.10.254 找到

ping 192.168.1.101 改為

#respawn hacluster /usr/lib/heartbeat/ipfail 找到

respawn hacluster /usr/lib64/heartbeat/ipfail 改為

chmod 600 /etc/ha.d/ha.cf

service heartbeat start master/slave端相同操作

netstat -tuplna | grep heartbeat

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:56611 0.0.0.0:* 6831/heartbeat: wri

udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:694 0.0.0.0:* 6831/heartbeat: wri

ps -ef | grep heartbest

root 8034 8015 0 00:27 pts/0 00:00:00 grep heartbest

tail -f /var/log/ha-log

ip-request-resp(default)[12892]: 2017/10/25_01:25:59 received ip-request-resp 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 OK yes

ResourceManager(default)[12915]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 info: Acquiring resource group: centos6 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 nginx

/usr/lib/ocf/resource.d//heartbeat/IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[12943]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: Resource is stopped

ResourceManager(default)[12915]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 info: Running /etc/ha.d/resource.d/IPaddr 192.168.1.200/24/eth0:0 start

IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[13076]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: Adding inet address 192.168.1.200/24 with broadcast address 192.168.1.255 to device eth0 (with label eth0:0)

IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[13076]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: Bringing device eth0 up

IPaddr(IPaddr_192.168.1.200)[13076]: 2017/10/25_01:26:00 INFO: /usr/libexec/heartbeat/send_arp -i 200 -r 5 -p /var/run/resource-agents/send_arp-192.168.1.200 eth0 192.168.1.200 auto not_used not_used

ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:45:17:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.129/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:1773/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:45:17:69 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.128/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0

inet 192.168.1.200/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe45:1769/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever master端

ip addr

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:5b:1b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.130/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0

inet 192.168.1.200/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary eth0:0

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:5b1b/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:5b:25 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 192.168.1.131/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth1

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe3d:5b25/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever slave端

看到eth0:0 說明配置成功

echo nginx_master > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html master端

echo nginx_slave > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html slave端

nginx -s reload

本文出自 “hades” 博客，謝絕轉載！

centos6 搭建heartbeat