平臺設備驅動註冊及使用分析
platform總線是一種虛擬的總線,相應的設備則為platform_device,而驅動則為platform_driver。Linux 2.6的設備驅動模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都歸納為platform_device。
總線將設備和驅動綁定,在系統每註冊一個設備的時候,會尋找與之匹配的驅動;相反的,在系統每註冊一個驅動的時候,會尋找與之匹配的設備,而匹配由總線完成。
Linux2.6系統中定義了一個bus_type的實例platform_bus_type
struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {
.name = "platform",
.dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,
.match = platform_match, //設備和驅動使用match函數來判斷是否匹配
.uevent = platform_uevent,
.pm = PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,
};
/* platform_match函數用於匹配總線中的驅動和設備 */
static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)
{
struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);
struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);
/* match against the id table first */
if (pdrv->id_table)
return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;
/* fall-back to driver name match */
return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);
}
platform_match函數首先判斷是否由id_table,如果有則使用id_table來進行匹配,否則,判斷platform_device和platform_driver成員裏的name,如果二者的name字段相同則匹配,如果匹配則
platform_device結構體的定義
struct platform_device {
const char * name; /* 名字 */
int id;
struct device dev;
u32 num_resources; /* 資源總數 */
struct resource * resource; /* 資源 */
struct platform_device_id *id_entry;
};
其中有個重要的成員是resource,是設備的資源信息,如IO地址,中斷號等。
struct resource {
resource_size_t start; //資源的起始值
resource_size_t end; //資源的結束值
const char *name;
unsigned long flags; //資源的類型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMA
struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;
};
有的設備可能有多個資源,通常使用platform_get_resource函數來獲取資源
/**
* platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device
* @dev: platform device
* @type: resource type
* @num: resource index
*/
struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev,
unsigned int type, unsigned int num)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) {
struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];
if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)
return r;
}
return NULL;
}
平臺設備的註冊,使用platform_device_register函數
int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
device_initialize(&pdev->dev);
return platform_device_add(pdev);
}
platform_device_register函數先通過device_initialize函數初始化platform_device的device成員,然後調用platform_device_add向內核添加一個平臺設備。
int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int i, ret = 0;
if (!pdev) /* 如果pdev為空則返回EINVAL */
return -EINVAL;
/* 如果pdev->dev.parent為空則將pdev->dev.parent設置為platform_bus */
if (!pdev->dev.parent)
pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;
pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type; /* 設置總線類型 */
if (pdev->id != -1) /* 如果id = -1則表示自動分配name */
dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id);
else
dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);
for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i]; /* 獲取資源 */
if (r->name == NULL)
r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);
p = r->parent;
if (!p) {
if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM) /* 設置資源類型 */
p = &iomem_resource;
else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)
p = &ioport_resource;
}
if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {
printk(KERN_ERR
"%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",
dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);
ret = -EBUSY;
goto failed;
}
}
pr_debug("Registering platform device ‘%s‘. Parent at %s\n",
dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));
/* 向內核添加一個device */
ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);
if (ret == 0)
return ret;
failed:
while (--i >= 0) {
struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
unsigned long type = resource_type(r);
if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
release_resource(r);
}
return ret;
}
platform_device_add最終調用device_add來完成平臺設備的註冊。
相反地,如果要註銷平臺設備則使用platform_device_unregister函數
void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
platform_device_del(pdev);
platform_device_put(pdev);
}
platform_device_unregister函數調用platform_device_del函數來註銷平臺設備
void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
int i;
if (pdev) {
device_del(&pdev->dev);
for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {
struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];
unsigned long type = resource_type(r);
if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)
release_resource(r);
}
}
}
platform_device_del函數調用device_del函數來刪除平臺設備,相應地,要釋放資源應調用release_resource函數,前提是資源的類型必須為IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO
platform_driver的定義:
struct platform_driver {
int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);
int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);
void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);
int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct platform_device_id *id_table;
};
device_driver的定義:
struct device_driver {
const char *name;
struct bus_type *bus;
struct module *owner;
const char *mod_name; /* used for built-in modules */
bool suppress_bind_attrs; /* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */
const struct of_device_id *of_match_table;
const struct acpi_device_id *acpi_match_table;
int (*probe) (struct device *dev);
int (*remove) (struct device *dev);
void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);
int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);
int (*resume) (struct device *dev);
const struct attribute_group **groups;
const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
struct driver_private *p;
};
platform_driver結構體有device_driver成員,該成員的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函數,在平臺驅動註冊的時候被初始化。
前面說過,當系統中存在有平臺設備和平臺驅動通過總線的match函數匹配後則會調用platform_driver的probe函數,參數為platform_device,有時候也通過id_table來判斷是否匹配。
struct platform_device_id {
char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];
kernel_ulong_t driver_data
__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));
};
平臺驅動的註冊使用platform_driver_register函數
int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)
{
drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;
if (drv->probe)
drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;
if (drv->remove)
drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;
if (drv->shutdown)
drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;
if (drv->suspend)
drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;
if (drv->resume)
drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;
return driver_register(&drv->driver);
}
先初始化platform_driver裏的driver,該driver的類型為device_driver,設置driver的bus為platform_bus_type;設置driver的probe為platform_drv_probe;設置driver的remove為platform_drv_remove;設置driver的shutdown為platform_drv_shutdown;設置driver的suspend為platform_drv_suspend;設置driver的resume為platform_drv_resume,最後調用driver_register函數來註冊平臺驅動。
相反地,要註銷平臺驅動的話,使用platform_driver_unregister函數
void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv)
{
driver_unregister(&drv->driver);
}
附韋老師總結的bus_drv_dev模型的框架圖
平臺設備驅動註冊及使用分析