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平臺設備驅動註冊及使用分析

bool 函數 star ret err 平臺設備驅動 source match函數 dma

platform總線是一種虛擬的總線,相應的設備則為platform_device,而驅動則為platform_driver。Linux 2.6的設備驅動模型中,把I2C、RTC、LCD等都歸納為platform_device。

總線將設備和驅動綁定,在系統每註冊一個設備的時候,會尋找與之匹配的驅動;相反的,在系統每註冊一個驅動的時候,會尋找與之匹配的設備,而匹配由總線完成。

Linux2.6系統中定義了一個bus_type的實例platform_bus_type

struct bus_type platform_bus_type = {

.name = "platform",

.dev_attrs = platform_dev_attrs,

.match = platform_match, //設備和驅動使用match函數來判斷是否匹配

.uevent = platform_uevent,

.pm = PLATFORM_PM_OPS_PTR,

};

/* platform_match函數用於匹配總線中的驅動和設備 */

static int platform_match(struct device *dev, struct device_driver *drv)

{

struct platform_device *pdev = to_platform_device(dev);

struct platform_driver *pdrv = to_platform_driver(drv);

/* match against the id table first */

if (pdrv->id_table)

return platform_match_id(pdrv->id_table, pdev) != NULL;

/* fall-back to driver name match */

return (strcmp(pdev->name, drv->name) == 0);

}

platform_match函數首先判斷是否由id_table,如果有則使用id_table來進行匹配,否則,判斷platform_device和platform_driver成員裏的name,如果二者的name字段相同則匹配,如果匹配則

調用platform_driver的probe函數。

platform_device結構體的定義

struct platform_device {

const char * name; /* 名字 */

int id;

struct device dev;

u32 num_resources; /* 資源總數 */

struct resource * resource; /* 資源 */

struct platform_device_id *id_entry;

};

其中有個重要的成員是resource,是設備的資源信息,如IO地址,中斷號等。

struct resource {

resource_size_t start; //資源的起始值

resource_size_t end; //資源的結束值

const char *name;

unsigned long flags; //資源的類型,如IORESOURCE_IO,IORESOURCE_MEM,IORESOURCE_IRQ,IORESOURCE_DMA

struct resource *parent, *sibling, *child;

};

有的設備可能有多個資源,通常使用platform_get_resource函數來獲取資源

/**

* platform_get_resource - get a resource for a device

* @dev: platform device

* @type: resource type

* @num: resource index

*/

struct resource *platform_get_resource(struct platform_device *dev,

unsigned int type, unsigned int num)

{

int i;

for (i = 0; i < dev->num_resources; i++) {

struct resource *r = &dev->resource[i];

if (type == resource_type(r) && num-- == 0)

return r;

}

return NULL;

}

平臺設備的註冊,使用platform_device_register函數

int platform_device_register(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

device_initialize(&pdev->dev);

return platform_device_add(pdev);

}

platform_device_register函數先通過device_initialize函數初始化platform_device的device成員,然後調用platform_device_add向內核添加一個平臺設備

int platform_device_add(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

int i, ret = 0;

if (!pdev) /* 如果pdev為空則返回EINVAL */

return -EINVAL;

/* 如果pdev->dev.parent為空則將pdev->dev.parent設置為platform_bus */

if (!pdev->dev.parent)

pdev->dev.parent = &platform_bus;

pdev->dev.bus = &platform_bus_type; /* 設置總線類型 */

if (pdev->id != -1) /* 如果id = -1則表示自動分配name */

dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, "%s.%d", pdev->name, pdev->id);

else

dev_set_name(&pdev->dev, pdev->name);

for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {

struct resource *p, *r = &pdev->resource[i]; /* 獲取資源 */

if (r->name == NULL)

r->name = dev_name(&pdev->dev);

p = r->parent;

if (!p) {

if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_MEM) /* 設置資源類型 */

p = &iomem_resource;

else if (resource_type(r) == IORESOURCE_IO)

p = &ioport_resource;

}

if (p && insert_resource(p, r)) {

printk(KERN_ERR

"%s: failed to claim resource %d\n",

dev_name(&pdev->dev), i);

ret = -EBUSY;

goto failed;

}

}

pr_debug("Registering platform device ‘%s‘. Parent at %s\n",

dev_name(&pdev->dev), dev_name(pdev->dev.parent));

/* 向內核添加一個device */

ret = device_add(&pdev->dev);

if (ret == 0)

return ret;

failed:

while (--i >= 0) {

struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];

unsigned long type = resource_type(r);

if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)

release_resource(r);

}

return ret;

}

platform_device_add最終調用device_add來完成平臺設備的註冊。

相反地,如果要註銷平臺設備則使用platform_device_unregister函數

void platform_device_unregister(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

platform_device_del(pdev);

platform_device_put(pdev);

}

platform_device_unregister函數調用platform_device_del函數來註銷平臺設備

void platform_device_del(struct platform_device *pdev)

{

int i;

if (pdev) {

device_del(&pdev->dev);

for (i = 0; i < pdev->num_resources; i++) {

struct resource *r = &pdev->resource[i];

unsigned long type = resource_type(r);

if (type == IORESOURCE_MEM || type == IORESOURCE_IO)

release_resource(r);

}

}

}

platform_device_del函數調用device_del函數來刪除平臺設備,相應地,要釋放資源應調用release_resource函數,前提是資源的類型必須為IORESOURCE_MEM或者IORESOURCE_IO

platform_driver的定義:

struct platform_driver {

int (*probe)(struct platform_device *);

int (*remove)(struct platform_device *);

void (*shutdown)(struct platform_device *);

int (*suspend)(struct platform_device *, pm_message_t state);

int (*resume)(struct platform_device *);

struct device_driver driver;

const struct platform_device_id *id_table;

};

device_driver的定義:

struct device_driver {

const char *name;

struct bus_type *bus;

struct module *owner;

const char *mod_name; /* used for built-in modules */

bool suppress_bind_attrs; /* disables bind/unbind via sysfs */

const struct of_device_id *of_match_table;

const struct acpi_device_id *acpi_match_table;

int (*probe) (struct device *dev);

int (*remove) (struct device *dev);

void (*shutdown) (struct device *dev);

int (*suspend) (struct device *dev, pm_message_t state);

int (*resume) (struct device *dev);

const struct attribute_group **groups;

const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;

struct driver_private *p;

};

platform_driver結構體有device_driver成員,該成員的各自字段如上所示,device_driver也有probe、remove、shutdown等函數,在平臺驅動註冊的時候被初始化。

前面說過,當系統中存在有平臺設備平臺驅動通過總線的match函數匹配後則會調用platform_driver的probe函數,參數為platform_device,有時候也通過id_table來判斷是否匹配。

struct platform_device_id {

char name[PLATFORM_NAME_SIZE];

kernel_ulong_t driver_data

__attribute__((aligned(sizeof(kernel_ulong_t))));

};

平臺驅動的註冊使用platform_driver_register函數

int platform_driver_register(struct platform_driver *drv)

{

drv->driver.bus = &platform_bus_type;

if (drv->probe)

drv->driver.probe = platform_drv_probe;

if (drv->remove)

drv->driver.remove = platform_drv_remove;

if (drv->shutdown)

drv->driver.shutdown = platform_drv_shutdown;

if (drv->suspend)

drv->driver.suspend = platform_drv_suspend;

if (drv->resume)

drv->driver.resume = platform_drv_resume;

return driver_register(&drv->driver);

}

先初始化platform_driver裏的driver,該driver的類型為device_driver,設置driver的bus為platform_bus_type;設置driver的probe為platform_drv_probe;設置driver的remove為platform_drv_remove;設置driver的shutdown為platform_drv_shutdown;設置driver的suspend為platform_drv_suspend;設置driver的resume為platform_drv_resume,最後調用driver_register函數來註冊平臺驅動。

相反地,要註銷平臺驅動的話,使用platform_driver_unregister函數

void platform_driver_unregister(struct platform_driver *drv)

{

driver_unregister(&drv->driver);

}


附韋老師總結的bus_drv_dev模型的框架圖

平臺設備驅動註冊及使用分析