c語言字符函數
函數名: stpcpy
功 能: 拷貝一個字符串到另一個
用 法: char *stpcpy(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; stpcpy(string, str1); printf("%sn", string); return 0; }
函數名: strcat
功 能: 字符串拼接函數
用 法: char *strcat(char *destin, char *source);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char destination[25]; char *blank = " ", *c = "C++", *Borland = "Borland"; strcpy(destination, Borland); strcat(destination, blank); strcat(destination, c); printf("%sn", destination); return 0; }
函數名: strchr
功 能: 在一個串中查找給定字符的第一個匹配之處
用 法: char *strchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char string[15]; char *ptr, c = ‘r‘; strcpy(string, "This is a string"); ptr = strchr(string, c); if (ptr) printf("The character %c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string); else printf("The character was not foundn"); return 0; }
函數名: strcmp
功 能: 串比較
用 法: int strcmp(char *str1, char *str2);
看Asic碼，str1>str2，返回值 > 0；兩串相等，返回0
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "aaa", *buf2 = "bbb", *buf3 = "ccc"; int ptr; ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); else printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); ptr = strcmp(buf2, buf3); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n"); else printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n"); return 0; }
函數名: strncmpi
功 能: 將一個串中的一部分與另一個串比較, 不管大小寫
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; int ptr; ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); return 0; }
函數名: strcpy
功 能: 串拷貝
用 法: char *strcpy(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; strcpy(string, str1); printf("%sn", string); return 0; }
函數名: strcspn
功 能: 在串中查找第一個給定字符集內容的段
用 法: int strcspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main(void) { char *string1 = "1234567890"; char *string2 = "747DC8"; int length; length = strcspn(string1, string2); printf("Character where strings intersect is at position %dn", length); return 0; }
函數名: strdup
功 能: 將串拷貝到新建的位置處
用 法: char *strdup(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main(void) { char *dup_str, *string = "abcde"; dup_str = strdup(string); printf("%sn", dup_str); free(dup_str); return 0; }
函數名: stricmp
功 能: 以大小寫不敏感方式比較兩個串
用 法: int stricmp(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; int ptr; ptr = stricmp(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); return 0; }
函數名: strerror
功 能: 返回指向錯誤信息字符串的指針
用 法: char *strerror(int errnum);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <errno.h> int main(void) { char *buffer; buffer = strerror(errno); printf("Error: %sn", buffer); return 0; }
函數名: strcmpi
功 能: 將一個串與另一個比較, 不管大小寫
用 法: int strcmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBB", *buf2 = "bbb"; int ptr; ptr = strcmpi(buf2, buf1); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); return 0; }
函數名: strncmp
功 能: 串比較
用 法: int strncmp(char *str1, char *str2, int maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "aaabbb", *buf2 = "bbbccc", *buf3 = "ccc"; int ptr; ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf1,3); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); else printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); ptr = strncmp(buf2,buf3,3); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 3n"); else printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 3n"); return(0); }
函數名: strncmpi
功 能: 把串中的一部分與另一串中的一部分比較, 不管大小寫
用 法: int strncmpi(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; int ptr; ptr = strncmpi(buf2,buf1,3); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); return 0; }
函數名: strncpy
功 能: 串拷貝
用 法: char *strncpy(char *destin, char *source, int maxlen);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char string[10]; char *str1 = "abcdefghi"; strncpy(string, str1, 3); string[3] = ‘‘; printf("%sn", string); return 0; }
函數名: strnicmp
功 能: 不註重大小寫地比較兩個串
用 法: int strnicmp(char *str1, char *str2, unsigned maxlen);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *buf1 = "BBBccc", *buf2 = "bbbccc"; int ptr; ptr = strnicmp(buf2, buf1, 3); if (ptr > 0) printf("buffer 2 is greater than buffer 1n"); if (ptr < 0) printf("buffer 2 is less than buffer 1n"); if (ptr == 0) printf("buffer 2 equals buffer 1n"); return 0; }
函數名: strnset
功 能: 將一個串中的所有字符都設為指定字符
用 法: char *strnset(char *str, char ch, unsigned n);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; char letter = ‘x‘; printf("string before strnset: %sn", string); strnset(string, letter, 13); printf("string after strnset: %sn", string); return 0; }
函數名: strpbrk
功 能: 在串中查找給定字符集中的字符
用 法: char *strpbrk(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char *string1 = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"; char *string2 = "onm"; char *ptr; ptr = strpbrk(string1, string2); if (ptr) printf("strpbrk found first character: %cn", *ptr); else printf("strpbrk didn‘t find character in setn"); return 0; }
函數名: strrchr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符的最後一個出現
用 法: char *strrchr(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char string[15]; char *ptr, c = ‘r‘; strcpy(string, "This is a string"); ptr = strrchr(string, c); if (ptr) printf("The character %c is at position: %dn", c, ptr-string); else printf("The character was not foundn"); return 0; }
函數名: strrev
功 能: 串倒轉
用 法: char *strrev(char *str);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *forward = "string"; printf("Before strrev(): %sn", forward); strrev(forward); printf("After strrev(): %sn", forward); return 0; }
函數名: strset
功 能: 將一個串中的所有字符都設為指定字符
用 法: char *strset(char *str, char c);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char string[10] = "123456789"; char symbol = ‘c‘; printf("Before strset(): %sn", string); strset(string, symbol); printf("After strset(): %sn", string); return 0; }
函數名: strspn
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符集的子集的第一次出現
用 法: int strspn(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <alloc.h> int main(void) { char *string1 = "1234567890"; char *string2 = "123DC8"; int length; length = strspn(string1, string2); printf("Character where strings differ is at position %dn", length); return 0; }
函數名: strstr
功 能: 在串中查找指定字符串的第一次出現
用 法: char *strstr(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char *str1 = "Borland International", *str2 = "nation", *ptr; ptr = strstr(str1, str2); printf("The substring is: %sn", ptr); return 0; }
函數名: strtod
功 能: 將字符串轉換為double型值
用 法: double strtod(char *str, char **endptr);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> int main(void) { char input[80], *endptr; double value; printf("Enter a floating point number:"); gets(input); value = strtod(input, &endptr); printf("The string is %s the number is %lfn", input, value); return 0; }
函數名: strtok
功 能: 查找由在第二個串中指定的分界符分隔開的單詞
用 法: char *strtok(char *str1, char *str2);
程序例:
#include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char input[16] = "abc,d"; char *p; /* strtok places a NULL terminator in front of the token, if found */ p = strtok(input, ","); if (p) printf("%sn", p); /* A second call to strtok using a NULL as the first parameter returns a pointer to the character following the token */ p = strtok(NULL, ","); if (p) printf("%sn", p); return 0; }
函數名: strtol
功 能: 將串轉換為長整數
用 法: long strtol(char *str, char **endptr, int base);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> int main(void) { char *string = "87654321", *endptr; long lnumber; /* strtol converts string to long integer */ lnumber = strtol(string, &endptr, 10); printf("string = %s long = %ldn", string, lnumber); return 0; }
函數名: strupr
功 能: 將串中的小寫字母轉換為大寫字母
用 法: char *strupr(char *str);
程序例:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> int main(void) { char *string = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz", *ptr; /* converts string to upper case characters */ ptr = strupr(string); printf("%sn", ptr); return 0; }
函數名: swab
功 能: 交換字節
用 法: void swab (char *from, char *to, int nbytes);
程序例:
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> char source[15] = "rFna koBlrna d"; char target[15]; int main(void) { swab(source, target, strlen(source)); printf("This is target: %sn", target); return 0; }
c語言字符函數