Model常用操作：
- 參數：filter
- all,values,values_list

[obj(id,name,pwd,email),obj(id,name,pwd,email),]
models.UserInfo.objects.all()

[obj(id,name,email)] # pwd未取值
data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().only(‘name‘,‘email‘)

for item in data_list:
item.id
item.name

[obj(id,pwd)] # pwd未取值
data_list = models.UserInfo.objects.all().defer(‘name‘,‘email‘)

for item in data_list:
item.id
item.pwd
路由系統：

反向生成URL：
/index/ func name=a1
{% url "a1"}
reverse(‘x‘)

/index/(\d+)/ func name=a2
{% url "a2" 11 %}
reverse(‘x‘,args=(11,))

/index/(?P<nid>\d+)/ func name=a3
{% url "a2" nid=11 %}
reverse(‘x‘,kwargs={‘nid‘:11})

Django生命周期：
- wsgi
- wsgiref
- uwsgi

Http請求本質：
a1=123&a2=456

{a1:13}


今日概要：

1. 數據庫設計
- 屬性相同歸類到一張表中
- 連表有性能消耗
- 連表設計：
class UserType(models.Model):
"""
用戶類型表,個數經常變動
"""
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

class UserInfo(models.Model):
"""
用戶表：講師和班主任
"""
username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
ut = models.ForeignKey(to="UserType")
- choices
# class UserInfo(models.Model):
# """
# 用戶表
# """
# username = models.CharField(max_length=32)
# password = models.CharField(max_length=64)
# email = models.CharField(max_length=32)
#
# user_type_choices = (
# (1, ‘班主任‘),
# (2, ‘講師‘),
# )
#
# user_type_id = models.IntegerField(choices=user_type_choices)
- 一張表中對同一個其他表做FK，M2M時，主要 related_name
- 註釋

- 補充：
"""
ID Title
1 圖片
2 挨踢1024
3 段子
"""
class NewsType(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)

"""
ID Title Summary News_Type
1 t.... 科技... 2
2 t.... 科技... 1
3 t.... 科技... 2

"""
class News(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)
news_type = models.ForeignKey(to="NewsType")

# 查看所有新聞
new_list = News.objects.all()
for row in new_list:
print(row.title,row.summary,row.news_type.title)

"""
ID Title Summary News_Type
1 t.... 科技... 2
2 t.... 科技... 1
3 t.... 科技... 2

"""
class News(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)

news_type_chices = (
(1,‘圖片‘),
(2,‘挨踢1024‘),
(3,‘段子‘),
)
news_type = models.IntegerField(choices=news_type_chices)

# 查看所有新聞
new_list = News.objects.all()
for row in new_list:
print(row.title,row.summary, row.get_news_type_display() )

2. 登錄
- 裝飾器
- Django內置+自定義配置文件
3. 老師管理
- Form組件
- 創建類，繼承Form
- 創建字段，字段=正則表達式； PS: 字段名稱，required, error_messages = {required,invalid}
- form = MyForm(data=request.POST)
- form.is_valid()
- form.cleaned_data
- form.errors

Form組件
1. 用戶請求數據驗證
2. 自動生成錯誤信息
3. 打包用戶提交正確信息
4. 錯誤：保留上次輸入內容
5. 定制頁面上顯示的HTML標簽
Django Form組件
1. 創建規則（類，字段）
class Foo:
username = xxx
password = xxx
email = xxx
2. 數據和規則進行匹配
form = Foo(data=xxx,initial=初始化)
form.is_valid()
form.cleaned_data
form.errors

class TeacherForm(Form):
    username = fields.CharField(
        required=True,
        error_messages={‘required‘:‘用戶名不能為空‘},
        widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘用戶名‘,‘class‘:‘form-control‘})
    ) # 不能為空
    password = fields.CharField(required=True,error_messages={‘required‘:‘密碼不能為空‘}, widget=widgets.TextInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘密碼‘,‘class‘:‘form-control‘})) # 不能為空
    email = fields.EmailField(required=True,error_messages={‘required‘:‘郵箱不能為空‘,‘invalid‘:‘郵箱格式錯誤‘},widget=widgets.EmailInput(attrs={‘placeholder‘:‘郵箱‘,‘class‘:‘form-control‘}))   # 不能為空，且郵箱格式


@auth
def add_teacher(request):
    if request.method == ‘GET‘:
        form = TeacherForm()
        return render(request,‘add_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form})
    else:
        """
        1. 用戶請求數據驗證
        2. 自動生成錯誤信息
        3. 打包用戶提交正確信息
        4. 錯誤：保留上次輸入內容
        5. 定制頁面上顯示的HTML標簽
        Django Form組件
        1. 創建規則（類，字段）
            class Foo:
                username = xxx
                password = xxx
                email = xxx
        2. 數據和規則進行匹配
        """
        form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST) # 數據和規則放置一起
        if form.is_valid():                       # 開始校驗,並獲取校驗結果
            # print(‘執行成功‘,form.cleaned_data)          # 所有匹配成功，字典
            # {‘username‘: ‘asd‘, ‘password‘: ‘sdf‘, ‘email‘: ‘[email protected]‘,‘ut_id‘:1}
            form.cleaned_data[‘ut_id‘] = 1
            models.UserInfo.objects.create(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect(‘/teachers/‘)

        return render(request, ‘add_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form})

@auth
def edit_teacher(request,nid):
    obj = models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid,ut_id=1).first()
    if not obj:
        return redirect(‘/teachers/‘)

    if request.method == "GET":
        # 顯示input，並且將數據庫中的默認值填寫到input框中
        form = TeacherForm(initial={‘username‘:obj.username,‘password‘:obj.password,‘email‘:obj.email})
        return render(request,‘edit_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form})
    else:
        form = TeacherForm(data=request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            # 校驗成功
            models.UserInfo.objects.filter(id=nid).update(**form.cleaned_data)
            return redirect(‘/teachers/‘)
        return render(request,‘edit_teacher.html‘,{‘form‘:form})


class TestForm(Form):
    caption = fields.CharField()
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=[(1,‘講師‘),(2,‘班主任‘)])
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘username‘))
    # xxx = fields.ChoiceField(choices=models.UserType.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘title‘))
    xxx = fields.MultipleChoiceField(choices=models.UserInfo.objects.values_list(‘id‘,‘username‘))

def test(request):
    form = TestForm(initial={‘xxx‘:4})
    form = TestForm(initial={‘xxx‘:[1,2,3]})
    return render(request,‘test.html‘,{‘form‘:form})

django補充和form組件