docker基本命令
運行交互式的容器:
[root@elk02 ~]# docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash #
root@66d539b6313e:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
- -t:在新容器內指定一個偽終端或終端。
- -i:允許你對容器內的標準輸入 (STDIN) 進行交互。
啟動容器(後臺模式):
[root@elk02 ~]# docker run -d ubuntu:15.10 /bin/sh -c "while true; do echo hello world; sleep 1; done"
5a2a7609bb50410323b30532988422412a0bd76f7ca36a7b79fc7dfd58348402
[root@elk02 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a2a7609bb50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c ‘while tr" 5 seconds ago Up 3 seconds tiny_shaw
[root@elk02 ~]# docker logs 5a2a7609bb50
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
hello world
…
停止容器:
[root@elk02 ~]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a2a7609bb50 ubuntu:15.10 "/bin/sh -c ‘while tr" 4 minutes ago Exited (137) 6 seconds ago tiny_shaw
網絡端口映射:
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py
6ab91fee56ff81c3ee71f89dfad0ed6439aaf698c563b4b90d9355f5231a8240
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
6ab91fee56ff training/webapp:latest "python app.py" 6 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:32778->5000/tcp furious_rosalind
- -d:讓容器在後臺運行。
- -P:將容器內部使用的網絡端口映射到我們使用的主機上。
- -p:指定需要綁定的端口號
docker ps查看正在運行的容器:
-l,--latest=false:查看最後創建的容器(包含沒有啟動的容器)
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py
2bb2ed1f9867438b287b837151c88527cd21770eaec700323879815b5d1feea4
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bb2ed1f9867 training/webapp:latest "python app.py" 7 seconds ago Up 6 seconds 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp high_mcclintock
查看網絡端口映射:
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
2bb2ed1f9867 training/webapp:latest "python app.py" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes 0.0.0.0:5000->5000/tcp high_mcclintock
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker port 2bb2ed1f9867 #可以使用容器ID或者名字
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5000
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker port high_mcclintock
5000/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:5000
查看容器的應用日誌:
和tail -f一樣
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker logs -f 2bb2ed1f9867
* Running on http://0.0.0.0:5000/ (Press CTRL+C to quit)
10.11.102.12 - - [03/Nov/2017 06:52:49] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 -
10.11.102.12 - - [03/Nov/2017 06:52:49] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 -
檢查WEB應用程序:
使用 docker inspect 來查看Docker的底層信息。它會返回一個 JSON 文件記錄著 Docker 容器的配置和狀態信息。
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker inspect 2bb2ed1f9867
[{
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"Args": [
"app.py"
],
"Config": {
"AttachStderr": false,
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"Cmd": [
"python",
"app.py"
],
…
刪除容器:
容器必須先停止,才能刪除
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker rm 2bb2ed1f9867
Error response from daemon: Conflict, You cannot remove a running container. Stop the container before attempting removal or use -f
FATA[0000] Error: failed to remove one or more containers
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker stop 2bb2ed1f9867
2bb2ed1f9867
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker rm 2bb2ed1f9867
2bb2ed1f9867
列出本地所有鏡像;
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
yehaifeng/learn 6.7 a0318133f1fa 2 weeks ago 190.6 MB
yehaifeng/ubuntu v4 6b416869c565 2 weeks ago 137.2 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.6 dd751b1fac67 2 weeks ago 299 MB
docker.io/httpd latest fe37d22f8f5f 3 weeks ago 177.3 MB
docker.io/ubuntu latest bd92ca350bbd 3 weeks ago 122 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 2ecc072be0ec 3 weeks ago 108.3 MB
docker.io/debian jessie de2958a3c124 3 weeks ago 123.4 MB
docker.io/centos 6.7 27c25e48cd03 7 weeks ago 190.6 MB
docker.io/hello-world latest bef02f2f6467 7 weeks ago 1.84 kB
docker.io/jiaxiangkong/jumpserver_docker 0.3.2 80e9ddba8da6 11 months ago 179.2 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 bfaaabeea063 15 months ago 137.2 MB
docker.io/training/webapp latest 02a8815912ca 2.472794 years ago 348.7 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 13.10 195eb90b5349 3.379130 years ago 184.5 MB
- REPOSITORY:表示鏡像的倉庫源
- TAG:鏡像的標簽
- IMAGE ID:鏡像ID
- CREATED:鏡像創建時間
- SIZE:鏡像大小
從鏡像倉庫查找下載鏡像:
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker search nginx
INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 7172 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/jwilder/nginx-prox Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker c... 1159 [OK]
docker.io docker.io/richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable ... 468 [OK]
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker pull nginx
latest: Pulling from docker.io/nginx
33e4f169980f: Pull complete
4732224668e2: Pull complete
d7a36ce98ade: Pull complete
d8b26cb8ad00: Pull complete
15fc5d030907: Pull complete
878f1c38771b: Pull complete
b18c56787b43: Pull complete
9c0ba5cb2724: Pull complete
2bbcf0f8fd73: Pull complete
6362f5ebce41: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:19d924bb7e9cfc412703c433e61803768cca7b2b8ef2ba1250be6647868a6acf
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest
You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker image nginx
docker: ‘image‘ is not a docker command. See ‘docker --help‘.
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
docker.io/nginx latest 6362f5ebce41 6 days ago 108.4 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.6 dd751b1fac67 2 weeks ago 299 MB
docker.io/jiaxiangkong/jumpserver_docker 0.3.2 80e9ddba8da6 11 months ago 179.2 MB
創建鏡像:
當我們從docker鏡像倉庫中下載的鏡像不能滿足我們的需求時,我們可以通過以下兩種方式對鏡像進行更改。
- 1.從已經創建的容器中更新鏡像,並且提交這個鏡像
- 2.使用 Dockerfile 指令來創建一個新的鏡像
更新鏡像:
#更新鏡像之前,我們需要使用鏡像來創建一個容器。
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker run -t -i ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash
Unable to find image ‘ubuntu:15.10‘ locally
15.10: Pulling from docker.io/ubuntu
8e40f6313e6b: Pull complete
e2224f46fc07: Pull complete
8c721b8e6e1c: Pull complete
a73b3adec5de: Pull complete
bfaaabeea063: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:cc767eb612212f9f5f06cd1f4e0821d781a5f83bc24d1182128a1088907d3825
Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/ubuntu:15.10
root@7ea24f7664d0:/# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
#在運行的容器內使用命令進行修改操作
root@7ea24f7664d0:/# apt-get update
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-security InRelease
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-updates Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily-security Release.gpg
Ign http://archive.ubuntu.com wily Release
…
#將修改好的副本提交docker倉庫中,並指定版本為v2
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker commit -m="has update" -a="runoob" 7ea24f7664d0 yehaifeng/ubuntu:v2
2f84022778678a442c943c19b492232a4b5867d853ed57e11d0246150dda9c28
[root@elk01 sysconfig]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED VIRTUAL SIZE
yehaifeng/ubuntu v2 2f8402277867 4 seconds ago 137.2 MB
docker.io/nginx latest 6362f5ebce41 6 days ago 108.4 MB
docker.io/mysql 5.6 dd751b1fac67 2 weeks ago 299 MB
docker.io/jiaxiangkong/jumpserver_docker 0.3.2 80e9ddba8da6 11 months ago 179.2 MB
docker.io/ubuntu 15.10 bfaaabeea063 15 months ago 137.2 MB
- -m:提交的描述信息
- -a:指定鏡像作者
- e218edb10161:容器ID
- runoob/ubuntu:v2:指定要創建的目標鏡像名
構建鏡像docker build:
從零開始來創建一個新的鏡像。為此,我們需要創建一個 Dockerfile 文件,其中包含一組指令來告訴 Docker 如何構建我們的鏡像。
[root@elk01 ~]# cat Dockerfile
FROM centos:6.7
MAINTAINER Fisher "[email protected]"
RUN /bin/echo ‘root:123456‘ |chpasswd
RUN useradd runoob
RUN /bin/echo ‘runoob:123456‘ |chpasswd
RUN /bin/echo -e "LANG=\"en_US.UTF-8\"" >/etc/default/local
EXPOSE 22
EXPOSE 80
CMD /usr/sbin/sshd –D
docker基本命令