selenium 總結篇,常見方法和頁面元素的操作
今天,總結一下selenium怎麽操作web頁面常見的元素。
主要有:
- 上傳
- alter dialog
- prompt dialog
- confirm dialog
- select list
- radio box
- input box
- checkBox
測試頁面如下:
View Codeselenium 最核心的技巧是WebElement的識別和定位
selenium總共有八種定位方法
- By.id() 通過id定位
- By.name() 通過name 定位
- By.xpath() 通過xpath定位
- By.className() 通過className定位
- By.cssSelector() 通過CSS 定位
- By.linkText() 通過linkText
- By.tagName() 通過tagName
- By.partialLinkText() 通過匹到的部分linkText
目前,使用比較多的是cssSelector和xpath,因為一個頁面中Id name className tagName LinkText等比較容易重復 不容易 確定唯一
接下來會有具體的例子來演示如何定位
上傳文件
一般,上傳頁面如果是input,像這樣的,可以使用sendkeys
首先,這裏使用xpath定位到該元素,然後使用sendKeys即可,sendKeys send你要上傳的文件的絕對路徑
1 //td/input[@type=‘file‘]
也可以使用cssSelector,關於xpath和cssSelector更多知識,以後會做一些專題
1 td>input[type=‘file‘]
如何驗證你寫的xptah/cssSelector是正確的呢?
有以下幾種方法:
- F12 ,使用瀏覽器的console ,xpath使用$x() function,css使用 $() function
- 使用第三方插件firebug
- 使用selenium IDE
alert對話框
細分三種,Alert,prompt,confirm
Selenium有以下方法:
Alert alert =driver.switchTo().alert();
1. driver.switchTo().alert(); 獲取alert
2. alert.accept(); 點確定
3. alert.dismiss(); 點取消
4. alert.getText();獲取alert的內容
select菜單
select也是比較常見的,selenium封裝了以下方法
創建select
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector);
選擇select的option有以下三種方法
- selectByIndex(int index) 通過index
- selectByVisibleText(String text) 通過匹配到的可見字符
- selectByValue(String value) 通過匹配到標簽裏的value
WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector); select.selectByIndex(3); select.selectByVisibleText("桃子"); select.selectByValue("apple");
輸入框
輸入框就比較簡單了,不再多說
sendKeys()輸入內容
clear() 清空
單選框(RadioBox)
單選框可以有獲取狀態,是否被選中
radioBox.isSelected();
是否enable
radioBox.isEnabled()
使用click方法選中
復選框(checkBox)
復選框和單選框基本差不多,此處略
超鏈接
超鏈接比較常見,一般都是標簽a
<a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/" >Copyright 2015 to be crazy </a>
一般使用click方法
這裏我們了解一下瀏覽器打開超鏈接時,如果是chrome,點超鏈接的同時按下Ctrl會打開新標簽,按下shift會打開新窗口
這裏單講一下不同窗口切換.
selenium有兩個關於獲取窗口的方法:
1. driver.getWindowHandle(); 返回的是字符串,獲取當前窗口的句柄
2. driver.getWindowHandles(); 返回的是 Set<String> ,獲取所有窗口
如果你想在窗口之間切換
driver.switchTo().window(window);
小技巧: 如何滾動到你定位的元素
這裏使用java script
// scroll to mylink JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink);
接下來是所有測試代碼:
package com.packt.webdriver.chapter1; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import org.openqa.selenium.Alert; import org.openqa.selenium.By; import org.openqa.selenium.JavascriptExecutor; import org.openqa.selenium.Keys; import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement; import org.openqa.selenium.interactions.Actions; import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select; import org.testng.Assert; import com.packt.webdriver.chapter3.DriverFactory; /** * this method is for deal with base web elements * * @author Young * */ public class dealWithElements { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String URL = "file://demo.html"; String chromdriver="E:\\chromedriver.exe"; System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromdriver); ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); // options.addExtensions(new File("")); DesiredCapabilities capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.chrome(); capabilities.setCapability("chrome.switches", Arrays.asList("--start-maximized")); options.addArguments("--test-type", "--start-maximized"); WebDriver driver=new ChromeDriver(options); driver.get(URL); // max size the browser driver.manage().window().maximize(); driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement upload = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@type=‘file‘]")); upload.sendKeys("C:/Users/Young/Desktop/demo.html"); Assert.assertTrue(upload.getAttribute("value").contains("demo")); // for alert WebElement clickOnAlert = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name=‘alterbutton‘]")); clickOnAlert.click(); delay(2); // get alert Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(alert.getText().contains("alert")); // click alert ok alert.accept(); delay(2); // for prompt WebElement clickOnPrompt = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name=‘promptbutton‘]")); clickOnPrompt.click(); delay(2); Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert(); prompt.sendKeys("I love Selenium"); prompt.accept(); delay(5); Alert afterAccept = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(afterAccept.getText().contains("I love Selenium")); // click alert ok afterAccept.accept(); delay(2); // for confirm WebElement clickOnConfirm = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@name=‘confirmbutton‘]")); clickOnConfirm.click(); delay(2); Alert confirm = driver.switchTo().alert(); confirm.dismiss(); delay(2); Alert afterDismiss = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(afterDismiss.getText().contains("You pressed Cancel")); delay(2); afterDismiss.accept(); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); WebElement selector = driver.findElement(By.id("Selector")); Select select = new Select(selector); select.selectByIndex(3); select.selectByVisibleText("桃子"); select.selectByValue("apple"); System.out.println(select.getAllSelectedOptions().toString()); delay(2); WebElement showSelectResult = driver.findElement(By .name("showSelectResult")); showSelectResult.click(); delay(2); Alert yourSelect = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertTrue(yourSelect.getText().contains("蘋果")); delay(2); yourSelect.accept(); // input box WebElement editBox = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//td/input[@id=‘edit‘]")); editBox.sendKeys("Selenium is good"); WebElement submitButton = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//input[@type=‘button‘ and @name=‘submit‘]")); submitButton.click(); delay(2); Alert submitAlert = driver.switchTo().alert(); Assert.assertEquals(submitAlert.getText(), "Selenium is good"); submitAlert.accept(); delay(2); // for radio Box WebElement duRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Baidu")); WebElement aLiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Alibaba")); WebElement TXRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Tencent")); WebElement MiRadioBox = driver.findElement(By .cssSelector("div#radio>input.Mi")); delay(2); Assert.assertTrue(TXRadioBox.isSelected()); Assert.assertTrue(!MiRadioBox.isEnabled()); delay(2); duRadioBox.click(); Assert.assertTrue(duRadioBox.isSelected()); delay(2); aLiRadioBox.click(); Assert.assertTrue(aLiRadioBox.isSelected()); delay(2); // for checkBox List<WebElement> webCheckBox = driver.findElements(By .xpath("//input[@type=‘checkbox‘]")); for (WebElement e : webCheckBox) { e.click(); Assert.assertTrue(e.isSelected()); delay(2); } // for links String defaultWindow = driver.getWindowHandle(); WebElement myLink = driver.findElement(By .linkText("Copyright 2015 to be crazy")); delay(3); // scroll to mylink JavascriptExecutor scroll = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; scroll.executeScript("arguments[0].scrollIntoView();", myLink); // open link in a new windows press shift when you click delay(2); Actions actions = new Actions(driver); actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(myLink).perform(); delay(3); Set<String> currentWindows = driver.getWindowHandles(); System.out.println(currentWindows.size()); for (String window : currentWindows) { if (!window.endsWith(defaultWindow)) { driver = driver.switchTo().window(window); driver.manage().timeouts() .pageLoadTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS); break; } } Assert.assertTrue(driver.getCurrentUrl().contains("tobecrazy")); delay(10); driver.quit(); } /** * @author Young * @param seconds */ public static void delay(int seconds) { try { Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
selenium 總結篇,常見方法和頁面元素的操作