#include <conio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#define TRUE   1
#define FALSE  0
#define OK     1
#define ERROR  0
#define IBFEASIBLE  -1
#define OVERFLOW    -2 

typedef int Status;
typedef int ElemType; /* 元素類型為int類型*/

//鏈棧類型 
typedef struct LSNode{ 
    ElemType data;        
 
//數據域 
    struct LSNode *next;    //指針域 
}LSNode, *LStack;         //結點和鏈棧類型 

Status InitStack_LS(LStack &S);
void DestroyStack_LS(LStack &S);
Status StackEmpty_LS(LStack S);
Status Push_LS(LStack &S,ElemType e);
Status Pop_LS(LStack &S,ElemType &e);
Status GetTop_LS(LStack S, ElemType 
 
&e);
Status Traverse(LStack S);
int LengthLStack(LStack S); 

//鏈棧的基本操作實現代碼如下：

//1.初始化鏈棧 
Status InitStack_LS(LStack &S){
    S=(LSNode*)malloc(sizeof(LSNode));
    if(S==NULL)return OVERFLOW;
    S->next = NULL;
    return OK;
}

//2.銷毀鏈棧
void DestroyStack_LS(LStack &S){
    LStack p=S->next,q=S;
      
 
while(p){
        free(q);
          q=p;
          p=p->next;
    }
  free(p);
}

//3.判空操作
Status StackEmpty_LS(LStack S){ 
    if(S->next==NULL){
        return TRUE;
    }else{
        return FALSE;
    }
} 

//4.入棧
Status Push_LS(LStack &S,ElemType e){
    LSNode *t;
      t=(LSNode*)malloc(sizeof(LSNode));//為元素e分配空間
      if(t==NULL) return FALSE;
      t->data=e;
      t->next=S;
      S=t;
      return OK;
} 

//5.出棧
Status Pop_LS(LStack &S,ElemType &e){
    LSNode *t;
      if(S==NULL) return ERROR;
      t=S;        //t指向棧頂元素的節點
      e=S->data;            
      S=S->next;        //刪除棧頂結點
      free(t);        //釋放節點t
      return OK;
} 

//6.取出棧頂元素
Status GetTop_LS(LStack S,ElemType &e){
    if(S==NULL) return ERROR;
      e=S->data;
      return OK;
} 

//7.鏈棧的長度
int LengthLStack(LStack S){
    int length;
    while(S->next){
        S=S->next;
        length++;
    } 
    return length;
} 

//8.遍歷棧
Status Traverse(LStack S)
{
    LSNode *p;
    p = S;
    while (p->next){
        printf("%4d", p->data);
        p=p->next;
    }
    printf("\n");
    return OK;
}

int main(){
    int i,e,j,m;
    LStack S;
    do{
        printf("1.初始化鏈棧\n");
        printf("2.銷毀鏈棧\n");
        printf("3.判斷鏈棧是否為空\n");
        printf("4.將元素壓入棧\n");
        printf("5.棧頂元素出棧\n");
        printf("6.取棧頂元素，並返回\n");
        printf("7.鏈棧的長度\n");
        printf("8.遍歷鏈棧元素\n");
        printf("請輸入你要進行的操作：\n");
        scanf("%d",&i);
        switch(i){
            case 1 :
                    if(InitStack_LS(S)){
                        printf("初始化成功\n");
                        printf("請輸入5個元素進棧：\n");
                        for(j=0;j<5;j++){
                            scanf("%d",&e);
                            Push_LS(S,e);
                        }
                    }else{
                        printf("初始化失敗\n"); 
                    }
                    break;
            case 2 :
                    DestroyStack_LS(S);
                    printf("銷毀棧成功\n"); 
                    break;
            case 3 :
                    if(StackEmpty_LS(S)){
                        printf("鏈棧為空！\n"); 
                    }else{
                        printf("鏈棧不為空!\n"); 
                    }
                    break;
            case 4 :
                    printf("請輸入壓入棧元素的值：\n");
                    scanf("%d",&e);
                    if(Push_LS(S,e)){
                        printf("成功壓入\n"); 
                    }else{
                        printf("壓入失敗\n"); 
                    }
                    break; 
            case 5 :
                    Pop_LS(S, m);
                    printf("成功出棧，數值為：%d\n",m);
                    break;
            case 6 :
                    GetTop_LS(S,m);
                    printf("取出棧頂元素的值：%d\n",m); 
                    break;
            case 7 :
                    printf("鏈棧的長度為:%d\n",LengthLStack(S));
                    break;
            case 8 :
                    printf("鏈表中元素："); 
                    Traverse(S);
                    break;
        }
    }while(i>0&&i<=8);
    return 0;
}
 

鏈棧的基本接口實現