純java config配置Spring MVC實例
1、首先創建一個Maven工程,項目結構如下:
pom.xml添加Spring和servlet依賴,配置如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.smart.springmvc</groupId> <artifactId>JavaSpringMVC</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>JavaSpringMVC Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <properties> <springframework.version>4.0.6.RELEASE</springframework.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <pluginManagement> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.4</version> <configuration> <warSourceDirectory>src/main/webapp</warSourceDirectory> <warName>JavaSpringMVC</warName> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> <finalName>JavaSpringMVC</finalName> </build> </project>
首先要註意這裏maven-war-plugin 插件的聲明。正如我們將完全刪除web.xml ,我們需要配置這個插件,以避免Maven構建war包失敗。第二個變化是加入了JSP/Servlet/Jstl 的依賴關系,這些我們可能需要,因為我們將要使用 servlet API和JSTL視圖在我們的代碼中。在一般情況下,容器已經包含這些庫,從而在pom.xml中為他們提供了,我們可以設置作用範圍。
2、添加控制器
UserController.class
package com.smart.springmvc.controller; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ModelAttribute; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap; @Controller public class UserController { @RequestMapping(value = "/user", method = RequestMethod.GET) public ModelAndView student() { return new ModelAndView("user", "command", new User()); } @RequestMapping(value = "/addUser", method = RequestMethod.POST) public String addUser(@ModelAttribute("SpringWeb")User user, ModelMap model) { System.out.println(user.getSex()); System.out.println(user.getName()); model.addAttribute("phone", user.getPhone()); model.addAttribute("email", user.getEmail()); model.addAttribute("password", user.getPassword()); model.addAttribute("name", user.getName()); model.addAttribute("repassword", user.getRepassword()); model.addAttribute("sex", user.getSex()); return "UserList"; } }
在類名@Controller註解聲明這個類的Spring bean 以及 @RequestMapping註解聲明了這個類是默認處理程序鍵入“/”的所有請求。第一種方法沒有聲明因此任何映射,它將繼承映射的映射聲明是在類級別上,默認處理GET請求。方法二(由於額外的映射聲明使用value屬性)形式 /user 將再次請求。屬性方法說哪種類型的HTTP請求這種方法可以服務。
方法說哪種類型的HTTP請求這種方法可以服務。 ModelMap是一個Map實現,在這裏作為替代[request.getAttribute()/request.setAttribute()] 設定值作為請求屬性。請註意,我們從這個方法返回“UserList”字符串。此字符串將後綴和前綴後綴,在視圖解析器定義的前綴,形成真正的視圖文件名。
3、添加視圖
user.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <% String path = request.getContextPath(); String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/"; %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>register</title> <script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script src="js/jquery.validate.min.js"></script> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript"> $().ready(function() { // 在鍵盤按下並釋放及提交後驗證提交表單 $("#vForm").validate({ rules: { phone:{required:true,isMobile:true}, email:{required:true,email:true}, password: { required: true, minlength: 5, maxlength: 12 }, repassword: { required: true, minlength: 5, maxlength: 12, equalTo: "#password" }, name: {required: true,maxlength:32}, }, messages: { phone: { required: "請輸入手機號<br/>", minlength: "請輸入11位的有效手機號碼<br/>" }, email: { required: "請輸入郵箱<br/>", minlength: "請輸入正確的郵箱<br/>" }, password: { required: "請輸入密碼<br/>", minlength: "密碼長度不能小於 5 個字母<br/>", maxlength: "密碼長度不能大於 12 個字母<br/>" }, repassword: { required: "請再次輸入密碼<br/>", minlength: "密碼長度不能小於 5 個字母<br/>", maxlength: "密碼長度不能大於 12 個字母<br/>", equalTo: "兩次密碼輸入不一致<br/>" }, name: { required: "請輸入用戶名<br/>", minlength: "用戶名長度不得大於32個字符<br/>" }, } }); }); </script> <style> .error{ color:red; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container" style="margin-top: 30px"> <div class="well" style="margin-left: 10%;margin-right: 10%"> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 35px"> <form class="form-horizontal" role="form" id="vForm" method="POST" action="addUser"> <div class="form-group"> <label for="phone" class="col-sm-4 control-label">手 機</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="phone" name="phone" placeholder="請輸入手機號"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="email" class="col-sm-4 control-label">郵 箱</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="email" name="email" placeholder="請輸入郵箱"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="passowrd" class="col-sm-4 control-label">密 碼</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="password" name="password" placeholder="請輸入密碼"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group "> <label for="name" class="col-sm-4 control-label">姓 名</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" name="name" placeholder="請輸入姓名"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="repassowrd" class="col-sm-4 control-label">重復密碼</label> <div class="col-sm-4"> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="repassword" name="repassword" placeholder="請再次輸入密碼"> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label for="sex" class="col-sm-4 control-label">性 別</label> <div> <label class="radio-inline"> <input type="radio" name="sex" id="boy" value="男" checked> 男 </label> <label class="radio-inline"> <input type="radio" name="sex" id="girl" value="女"> 女 </label> </div> </div> <div class="form-group"> <div class="col-sm-4 col-sm-offset-3 control-label "> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-info">提交</button> <a href="Login.jsp" class="btn btn-info">登錄</a> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>User.jsp
UserList.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%> <%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <title>用戶列表</title> <script src="js/jquery-1.10.2.js"></script> <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="js/jqPaginator.min.js"></script> <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <div class="container" style="margin-top: 30px"> <div class="well" style="margin-left: 10%;margin-right: 10%"> <div class="row" style="margin-top: 35px"> <table class="table table-striped" > <caption>用戶列表</caption> <thead> <tr> <th>電話</th> <th>郵箱</th> <th>密碼</th> <th>重復密碼</th> <th>名字</th> <th>性別</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>${phone}</td> <td>${email}</td> <td>${password}</td> <td>${repassword}</td> <td>${name}</td> <td>${sex}</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>UserList.jsp
4、添加配置類
JavaSpringCon.class
package com.smart.springmvc.configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan(basePackages = "com.smart.springmvc") public class JavaSpringCon { @Bean(name="HelloWorld") public ViewResolver viewResolver() { InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); return viewResolver; } }View Code
這種構造類可以被看作是一個替代 spring-servlet.xml,因為它包含了所有必需的組件的掃描和視圖解析器的信息。
@Configuration指明該類包含註解為@Bean 生產 bean管理是由Spring容器的一個或多個bean方法。 以上配置類對應等同於以下XML:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.springmvc" /> <mvc:annotation-driven /> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
@EnableWebMvc 等同於 mvc:annotation-driven 在XML中. 它能夠為使用@RequestMapping向特定的方法傳入的請求映射@Controller-annotated 類。
@ComponentScan 等同於 context:component-scan base-package="..." 提供 spring 在哪裏尋找 管理 beans/classes.
5、添加初始化類
JavaSpringIn.class
package com.smart.springmvc.configuration; import javax.servlet.Filter; import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.support.AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer; public class JavaSpringIn extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { @Override protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[] { JavaSpringCon.class }; } @Override protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return null; } @Override protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[] { "/" }; } @Override protected Filter[] getServletFilters() { CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter = new CharacterEncodingFilter(); characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8"); characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true); return new Filter[] {characterEncodingFilter}; } }JavaSpringIn.class
添加一個初始化類實現 WebApplicationInitializer 在src/main/java 中使用如下圖所示指定包(在這種情況下,作為替代在 web.xml 中定義的任何 Spring 配置)。在Servlet 3.0的容器啟動時,這個類將被加載並初始化,並在啟動由servlet容器調用方法。
6、:構建和部署應用程序有一點要記住,像WebApplicationInitializer,Spring 是基於Java 的配置API依賴於 Servlet3.0容器。確保你沒有使用Servlet聲明任何小於3.0。對於我們的情況,我們將從應用程序中刪除 web.xml 文件。
現在構建war (無論是作為Eclipse中提到的最後一個教程)或通過Maven的命令行(mvn clean install)。部署war 到Servlet3.0容器。由於我在這裏使用Tomcat,我就幹脆把這個 war 文件放到 Tomcat 的 webapps 文件夾,然後在 tomcat 的bin 目錄裏面點擊 start.bat 運行。
或者 右鍵工程 =>Run As => Maven install 完成後,再次 右鍵工程 =>Run As => Maven build,彈出選擇:
Goals:org.apache.tomcat.maven:tomcat7-maven-plugin:2.2:run-war
點擊運行訪問http://localhost:8080/JavaSpringMVC/user 即可出現如下,我因為css引用問題還沒有解決所有這麽醜。
純java config配置Spring MVC實例