mysql 主從同步-讀寫分離
一、 實驗環境
Master centos 7.3 192.168.138.13
Slave centos 7.3 192.168.138.14
二、在master操作
- 安裝並配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1 //必須唯一
log-bin=mysql-bin //開啟binlog日誌
character-set-server=utf8 //設置字符集
2.啟動mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3. 授權root用戶
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to root@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to root@‘%‘ identified by ‘123456‘;
4． 刷新權限表
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges
5.查看master狀態
MariaDB [(none)]> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 521 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
註意：如果主庫中已存在數據，則需要備份拷到從庫保持數據一致性
1.鎖定數據表，避免在備份過程中，表被更新
mysql>LOCK TABLES tbl_name READ;
為表增加一個寫鎖定：
mysql>LOCK TABLES tbl_name WRITE;
解鎖 ： mysql>UNLOCK TABLES;
2.備份數據
方法一
Mysqldump -uroot -p –B db1 –T tb1 | gzip > /mysqlbackup/tb1.sql.gz
方法二
直接備份datadir=/var/lib/mysql
三、 在slave上操作
- 安裝並配置/etc/my,cnf
[root@localhost ~]# yum install mariadb-server -y
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id=1 //必須唯一
character-set-server=utf8 //設置字符集
2. 啟動mysql
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mariadb
3. 配置同步參數
MariaDB [(none)]> change master to
master_host=‘192.168.138.13‘,
master_user=‘root‘,
master_password=‘123456‘,
master_port=3306,
master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000003‘,
master_log_pos=521;
4. 啟動主從同步進程
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
5. 檢查狀態
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.138.13
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 521
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 529
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
看到兩個yes說明配置成功
四、 測試
1.在slave上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 在master創建數據庫
MariaDB [(none)]> create database testdb1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
3. 在slave查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| testdb1 |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql 主從同步-讀寫分離